Features of bioaccumulation and toxic effects of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles under the oral route of intake into the body

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
M. A. Zemlyanova ◽  
M. S. Stepankov ◽  
A. M. Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cuo Nps

Introduction. Active use in various spheres of economic activity and the large-scale nature of production determine the relevance of studying the effects of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the body during the oral route of intake. Material and methods. Particle size was determined by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic laser light scattering; specific surface area - Brunauer, Emmett and Teller; total pore volume - Barrett, Joyner and Khalenda. Acute oral toxicity of CuO NPs was studied in Wistar rats in accordance with GOST 32644-2014, multiple oral toxicity was studied by the Lim method. After repeated exposure, the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood, the concentration of copper in the organs, and pathomorphological changes in the tissues of the organs were determined. Results. The size of CuO NPs in the composition of the native powder was 45.86 nm, in the aqueous suspension - 307.40 nm, the specific surface area was 17.70 m2/g, and the total pore volume was 0.056 cm3/g. According to the results of a single oral exposure, the LD50 value was > 2000 mg / kg body weight, which corresponds to 3 (GOST 12.1.007-76) and 4 (GOST 32644-2014) hazard classes. With repeated oral exposure, an increase in the levels of activity of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, amylase, AOA and MDA was noted; the relative number of segmented neutrophils is increased, the number of leukocytes is increased, the relative number of lymphocytes is reduced. The concentration of copper under the action of NPs increases in the lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, kidneys, brain and blood. Pathomorphological changes in the tissues of the liver, kidneys, stomach, small and large intestines and lungs were established. Conclusion. The results obtained prove the presence of toxic properties of CuO NPs and can be used in the development of preventive measures for workers and consumers in contact with products containing CuO NPs.

scholarly journals Features of bioaccumulation and toxic effects of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles under repeated inhalation exposure in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Marina A. Zemlyanova ◽  
Mark S. Stepankov ◽  
Anna M. Ignatova ◽  
Alena E. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cuo Nps

Introduction. Active use in various spheres of economic activity, large-scale production and the availability of data on toxicity determine the relevance of studying the effects of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the body during inhalation exposure. Material and Methods. The size, surface area, and pore volume of CuO NPs were determined. The study and assessment of biochemical and hematological parameters of blood, the degree of bioaccumulation of nanomaterial, pathomorphological changes in organs of rats exposed to CuO NPs were carried out. The studies were carried out in comparison with a microsized analogue (CuO MPs). Results. The size of CuO NPs in the composition of the native powder is 305.00 times less than that of CuO MPs. The surface area and pore volume are 9.61 and 9.33 times larger, respectively. After exposure to CuO NPs in the blood of rats relative to the control, the levels of activity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, amylase, AOA, MDA and the concentration of CRP increased by 1.49-2.23 times, the content of urea decreased by 1.41 times; relative number of eosinophils, leukocyte count, RDW by 1.31-5.39 times increased, relative number of segmented neutrophils decreased by 1.37 and monocytes by 1.42 times. The effect of NPs, in comparison with MPs, is more pronounced in increasing the activity of ALT, AST, LDH, MDA and the concentration of CRP by 1.25-1.68 times and in reducing the concentration of urea by 1.21 times; in increase the relative number of eosinophils by 2.37 and the count of leukocytes by 1.61 times. The concentration of copper under the action of NPs increases relative to the control in the lungs, liver, stomach, intestines and kidneys by 1.59-6.99 times. The degree of bioaccumulation of nanoparticles is 1.20-2.12 times higher than that of microparticles in the lungs, liver, stomach, and kidneys. Conclusion. Functional and pathomorphological changes caused by CuO NPs are more pronounced in the lungs, stomach, and small intestine in comparison with microparticles. It was confirmed that the studied CuO particles are nanomaterials. They have a more pronounced bioaccumulation and toxic effect relative to the microdispersed analogue.

Features of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects of Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles Under Repeated Oral Exposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sergeevich Stepankov ◽  
Marina Aleksandrovna Zemlyanova ◽  
Nina Vladimirovna Zaitseva ◽  
Anna Mikhailovna Ignatova ◽  
Alena Evgenievna Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Background: Currently, the range of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles’ (CuO NPs) applications is expanding and the global production of CuO NPs is increasing. In this regard, the risk of exposure of the population to this nanomaterial increases. Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the patterns of bioaccumulation and toxic effects of CuO NPs after multiple oral exposures. Methods: The particle size was determined by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic laser light scattering. Specific surface area was measured by the method of Brunauer, Emmett, Teller. Total pore volume - by the method of Barrett, Joyner, Khalenda. Twenty-four hours after the final exposure, blood samples were taken for biochemical and hematological analysis, and internal organs were taken to determine their mass, copper concentration and histological analysis. The study was carried out in comparison with copper (II) oxide microparticles (CuO MPs). Results: In terms of size, surface area, and pore volume, the studied copper (II) oxide sample is a nanomaterial. The median lethal dose of CuO NPs was 13187.5 mg/kg of body weight. Bioaccumulation occurs in the stomach, blood, intestines, liver, lungs, kidneys and brain. Pathomorphological changes in the liver are manifested in the form of necrosis, degeneration, hepatitis; kidney - proliferation of mesangial cells, dystrophy; stomach - gastritis; small intestine - hyperplasia, enteritis; large intestine - colitis; lungs - hyperplasia, abscess, pneumonia, bronchitis, vasculitis. Clumps of brown pigment were detected in the kidneys, stomach and lungs. The mass of the stomach and intestines increased, the mass of the liver, kidneys and lungs decreased. Pathomorphological changes in organs are likely to cause an increase in the levels of activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, malondialdehyde concentration and a decrease in plasma antioxidant activity. The proportion of segmented neutrophils, the number of leukocytes are raised, the proportion of lymphocytes is reduced. Conclusion: The degree of bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO NPs are more expressed in relation to CuO MPs.

scholarly journals Nanometer Pore Structure Characterization of Taiyuan Formation Shale in the Lin-Xing Area Based on Nitrogen Adsorption Experiments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Chenlong Ding ◽  
Jinxian He ◽  
Hongchen Wu ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Taiyuan Formation

Ordos Basin is an important continental shale gas exploration site in China. The micropore structure of the shale reservoir is of great importance for shale gas evaluation. The Taiyuan Formation of the lower Permian is the main exploration interval for this area. To examine the nanometer pore structures in the Taiyuan Formation shale reservoirs in the Lin-Xing area, Northern Shaanxi, the microscopic pore structure characteristics were analyzed via nitrogen adsorption experiments. The pore structure parameters, such as specific surface area, pore volume, and aperture distribution, of shale were calculated; the significance of the pore structure for shale gas storage was analyzed; and the main controlling factors of pore development were assessed. The results indicated the surface area and hole volume of the shale sample to be 0.141–2.188 m2/g and 0.001398–0.008718 cm3/g, respectively. According to the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) classification, mesopores and macropores were dominant in the pore structure, with the presence of a certain number of micropores. The adsorption curves were similar to the standard IV (a)-type isotherm line, and the hysteresis loop type was mainly similar to H3 and H4 types, indicating that most pores are dominated by open type pores, such as parallel plate-shaped pores and wedge-shaped slit pores. The micropores and mesopores provide the vast majority of the specific surface area, functioning as the main area for the adsorption of gas in the shale. The mesopores and macropores provide the vast majority of the pore volume, functioning as the main storage areas for the gas in the shale. Total organic carbon had no notable linear correlation with the total pore volume and the specific surface area. Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) had no notable correlation with the specific surface area, but did have a low “U” curve correlation with the total pore volume. There was no relationship between the quartz content and specific surface area and total pore volume. In addition, there was no notable correlation between the clay mineral content and total specific surface area and total pore volume.

scholarly journals Structural and fractal characterization of adsorption pores of middle–high rank coal reservoirs in western Yunnan and eastern Guizhou: An experimental study of coals from the Panguan syncline and Laochang anticline

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjian Zhang ◽  
Chongtao Wei ◽  
Gaoyuan Yan ◽  
Guanwen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type C

To better understand the structural characteristic of adsorption pores (pore diameter < 100 nm) of coal reservoirs around the coalbed methane production areas of western Yunnan and eastern Guizhou, we analyzed the structural and fractal characteristics of pore size range of 0.40–2.0 nm and 2–100 nm in middle–high rank coals ( Ro,max = 0.93–3.20%) by combining low-temperature N2/CO2 adsorption tests and surface/volume fractal theory. The results show that the coal reservoirs can be divided into three categories: type A ( Ro,max < 2.15%), type B (2.15% <  Ro,max <2.50%), and type C ( Ro,max > 2.15%). The structural parameters of pores in the range from 2 to 100 nm are influenced by the degree of coal metamorphism and the compositional parameters (e.g., ash and volatile matter). The dominant diameters of the specific surface areas are 10–50 nm, 2–50 nm, and 2–10 nm, respectively. The pores in the range from <2 nm provide the largest proportion of total specific surface area (97.22%–99.96%) of the coal reservoir, and the CO2-specific surface area and CO2-total pore volume relationships show a positive linear correlation. The metamorphic degree has a much greater control on the pores (pore diameter less than 2 nm) structural parameters than those of the pore diameter ranges from 2 to 100 nm. Dv1 and Dv2 can characterize the structure of 2–100 nm adsorption pores, and Dv1 (volume heterogeneity) has a positive correlation with the pore structural parameters such as N2-specific surface area and N2-total pore volume. This parameter can be used to characterize volume heterogeneity of 2–10 nm pores. Dv2 (surface heterogeneity) showed type A > type B > type C and was mainly affected by the metamorphism degree. Ds2 can be used to characterize the pore surface heterogeneity of micropores in the range of 0.62–1.50 nm. This parameter has a good correlation with the pore parameters (CO2-total pore volume, CO2-specific surface area, and average pore size) and is expressed as type C < type B < type A. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of the micropores is less than that of the meso- and macropores (2–100 nm). Dv1, Dv2, and Ds2 can be used as effective parameters to characterize the pore structure of adsorption pores. This result can provide a theoretical basis for studying the pore structure compatibility of coal reservoirs in the region.

scholarly journals Activated Carbons from Thermoplastic Precursors and Their Energy Storage Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Min Lee ◽  
Kwan-Woo Kim ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Kay-Hyeok An ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mesopore Volume

In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-derived activated carbons (PE-AC) were prepared as electrode materials for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) by techniques of cross-linking, carbonization, and subsequent activation under various conditions. The surface morphologies and structural characteristics of the PE-AC were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope, Cs-corrected field-emission transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm-desorption characteristics were confirmed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, nonlocal density functional theory, and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda equations at 77 K. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of the activated samples increased with increasing the activation time. The specific surface area, the total pore volume, and mesopore volume of the PE-AC were found to be increased finally to 1600 m2/g, 0.86 cm3/g, and 0.3 cm3/g, respectively. The PE-AC also exhibited a high mesopore volume ratio of 35%. This mesopore-rich characteristic of the activated carbon from the LDPE is considered to be originated from the cross-linking density and crystallinity of precursor polymer. The high specific surface area and mesopore volume of the PE-AC led to their excellent performance as EDLC electrodes, including a specific capacitance of 112 F/g.

Preparation of Iron Catalysts Generated from Fe-Coagulated Sludge Produced by Ferric Chloride Coagulation of Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
Supranee Foowut ◽  
Tawanrat Palothaisit ◽  
Natthadabhorn Boonlor ◽  
Panida Prompinit ◽  
Pinsuda Viravathana
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Iron Catalysts ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Xanes Analysis

In this work, the FexOy catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis. From XRD results, the FexOy with the wastewater to coagulant ratio of 1:2 catalyst (FexOy-1:2) calcined at 600 °C for 6 h showed the presence of the wustite (FeO) form. XANES analysis showed the phase of FeO in FexOy-1:2 calcined at 600 °C for 6 h which corresponded to the result from XRD. The FexOy 1:1 catalyst had higher specific surface area and larger total pore volume compared to the FexOy 1:2 catalyst.

scholarly journals Ninety-Day Oral Toxicity Assessment of an Alternative Biopolymer for Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems Obtained from Cassava Starch Acetate

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Rossi Jesus ◽  
Lorena Neris Barbosa ◽  
Thiago Bruno Lima Prando ◽  
Leonardo Franco Martins ◽  
Francielli Gasparotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Starch Acetate ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
And Control

The large consumption of biodegradable films from cassava starch acetate (FCSA) as ingredients in food and pharmaceutical products requires the assessment of the possible toxicity of these products. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of biodegradable film from cassava starch acetate after oral exposure of Wistar rats for 90 days. The amount of food consumed and the body weight were weekly monitored. Blood and urine samples were obtained for the assessment of serum parameters and renal function. Histopathological analyses in target organs were also performed. No evidence of clinical toxicity in hematological, biochemical, or renal parameters in the FCSA-treated animals was found. In addition, relative organ weight and histopathological evaluations did not differ between groups treated with FCSA and control. Data obtained suggest that the subchronic exposure to FCSA does not cause obvious signs of toxicity in Wistar rats, indicating possible safety of this biofilm.

The Influence of Sinterng Temperature on the Phase, Microstructure and Textual Properties of Hollow Hydroxyapatite Microspheres

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2274-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chun Wang ◽  
Wen Hai Huang ◽  
Ai Hua Yao ◽  
De Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Air Atmosphere

A simple method to prepare hollow hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres with mespores on the surfaces is performed using a precipitation method assisted with Li2O-CaO-B2O3(LCB) glass fabrication process. This research is concerned with the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure evolution, phase purity, surface morphology, specific surface area, and porosity after sintering process. The microspheres were sintered in air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C. The starting hollow HAP microspheres and the sintered specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, specific surface area analyzer, and Hg porosimetry, respectively. The as-prepared microspheres consisted of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite. The results showed that the as-prepared hollow HAP microspheres had the highest specific surface areas, and the biggest total pore volume. The pore size distribution of the as-prepared hollow HAP microspheres were mainly the mesopores in the range of 2～40 nm. The specific surface area and total pore volume of hollow HAP microspheres decreased with increasing sintering temperature. Whereas the mean pore size increased with increasing sintering temperature. It showed that at 700°C, Ca-dHAP decomposes into a biphasic mixture of HAP and β-calcium phosphate(TCP).

Preparation of Activated Carbons from Lignite for Electrochemical Capacitors by Microwave and Electrical Furnace Heating

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2472-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Xing ◽  
Chuan Xiang Zhang ◽  
Lun Jian Chen ◽  
Guang Xu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Electrochemical Performances

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from lignite by microwave (MW) and electrical furnace (EF) heating with KOH as activation agent. In order to compare pore structures and electrochemical performances of ACs prepared by both heating methods, the ACs were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77K, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical performances of Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) with ACs as electrodes in 3mol/L KOH electrolyte were evaluated by constant current charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the pore structures of ACs prepared by MW and EF heating significantly enhance when the weight ratio of KOH to coal increases from 2 to 4. The BET specific surface area, total pore volume, the ratio of mesopore and average pore diameter of ACs prepared by MW heating (denoted as AC-MW4) reaches 2094m2/g, 1.193cm3/g, 53.6%, 2.28nm when the weight ratio of KOH to coal is 4, and ACs prepared by EF heating (denoted as AC-EF4) reaches 2580m2/g, 1.683cm3/g, 67.3%, 2.61nm. The ECs with AC-MW4 and AC-EF4 as electrodes present a high specific capacitance of 348F/g and 377F/g at a current density of 50mA/g, and still remain 325F/g and 350F/g after 500 cycles, respectively. Although the specific surface area, total pore volume and specific capacitance of ACs prepared by MW heating are slightly lower than EF heating, taking into account the heating time in the activation process, ACs prepared by EF heating needs approximate 140min, while MW heating only needs 10min, which have demonstrated that microwave heating technology is a promising and efficient technique to prepare ACs.

Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Na2CO3/H3PO4 Activation

2008 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Sun Im ◽  
Soo Jin Park ◽  
Young Seak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Increase Surface Area

In this work, carbon nanofibers(CNFs) were prepared by using electrospinning method. Phosphoric acid and sodium carbonate activation of CNFs were conducted to increase surface area and pore volume. Pore structures of activated CNFs were developed with increasing surface area and pore volume through activation. Specific surface area increased about 60 times and total pore volume developed around 120 times. Activated CNFs have different pore distribution with different chemical agent.

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