scholarly journals The Influence of Regular Physical Exercise on the Advanced Glycated End Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 047-053
Author(s):  
Anees Alyafei

Advanced Glycated End-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous glycated metabolites of protein, lipid, or nucleic acid. They are products of a chain of chemical reactions endogenously or diet and tobacco smoking exogenously. They exert signi􀏐icant pathological effects on many body tissues, leading to chronic disease complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. This narrative review shows that there are no agreed management options to reduce AGEs level. However, regular Physical Exercise (PE) has a positive impact on the serum AGEs level through multiple additive metabolic effects associated with weight management, reduction in insulin sensitivity, decrease in receptors of AGEs, oxidative stress, and an overall improvement in the AGEs hemostasis. Evidence supports the synergistic effect of changing lifestyle, including regular PE on the progression of AGEs. Nevertheless, the literature needs further clinical evidence to address the required PE prescription that would be suf􀏐icient to reduce AGEs level.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Caro ◽  
Inmaculada Navarro ◽  
Pedro Romero ◽  
Rosario I. Lorente ◽  
María Antonia Priego ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Dóczi

Active Sport Tourism in the Hungarian Population: Current Trends and PerspectivesIn the past few decades, sport and tourism, two significant industries, have gone through a phase of rapid development. The relationship between the two fields is becoming more and more recognized by economic actors, policymakers and social scientists as well; nevertheless, there is a question of how widespread active sport tourism is in the different social groups of Hungarian society, and what the perspectives of sport tourism are as a leisure time activity in the future. The objective of the current paper is to answer these questions, based on survey research conducted in a representative sample (n=1027) of the Hungarian adult population. In the first phase of data analysis, the author focused on the following two questions: (1) What percentage of the population is engaged in doing regular physical exercise, and travelling during their holidays? (2) Is there a relationship between doing exercise and travelling? Based on the two dimensions (physical exercise and travelling) four groups could be separated, the in-depth analysis of the groups was carried out in the second phase of the data analysis. During this phase, the following questions were in focus: (1) How can the four groups be characterized concerning their socio-economic status? (2) What leisure activities are characteristic of them? (3) What can be said about the social networks of the members of these groups? (4) How can we characterize their attitudes to healthy lifestyle, and within this, sport? According to the results, the social basis of active sport tourism is not very wide. The majority of the Hungarian population is hindered by worsening living standards and worsening health levels, and by the lack of adequate knowledge about active sport tourism and the positive impact of it on the quality of life. A further problem is that although many people are familiar with the influence of lifestyle on health, and recognize the benefits of exercise in theory, in reality few people are involved in sporting activities, and for many, doing exercise is not a source of pleasure. That is why it is important that the messages referring to the positive impact of regular physical exercise reach the different social groups. In these messages, besides the often stressed health-preserving role, social and recreational aspects of sport as a leisure time activity should also be emphasized.


Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Piccarducci ◽  
Simona Daniele ◽  
Jonathan Fusi ◽  
Lucia Chico ◽  
Filippo Baldacci ◽  
...  

The allele epsilon 4 (ε4) of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ApoE protein plays a pivotal role in the synthesis and metabolism of amyloid beta (Aβ), the major component of the extracellular plaques that constitute AD pathological hallmarks. Regular exercise is an important preventive/therapeutic tool in aging and AD. Nevertheless, the impact of physical exercise on the well-being of erythrocytes, a good model of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative processes, remains to be investigated, particularly depending on ApoE polymorphism. Herein, we evaluate the oxidative status, Aβ levels, and the membrane’s composition of erythrocytes in a cohort of human subjects. In our hands, the plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), erythrocytes membrane fluidity, and the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were demonstrated to be significantly decreased in the ApoE ε4 genotype and non-active subjects. In contrast, erythrocyte Aβ content and lipid peroxidation increased in ε4 carriers. Regular physical exercise was associated with an increased plasma AOC and membrane fluidity, as well as to a reduced amount of erythrocytes Aβ. Altogether, these data highlight the influence of the ApoE genotype on erythrocytes’ well-being and confirm the positive impact of regular physical exercise.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandelis Perakakis ◽  
Antonio Luque Casado ◽  
Luis Ciria ◽  
Plamen Ivanov ◽  
Daniel Sanabria

AbstractRegular physical exercise has a positive impact on brain function and cognitive performance. However, it is not yet clear whether the physiological and behavioral benefits associated to physical exercise are caused exclusively by changes in cardiovascular fitness. Here, we explore the relation between regular physical exercise and transient electroencephalographic responses to afferent cardiac signals. We find differences in the neural processing of heartbeats between individuals who exercise regularly and their sedentary counterparts. These differences, localised at two distinct spatio-temporal clusters, occur before the presentation of a target stimulus and correlate with behavioral performance only in the high-fit group. We hypothesise that the different neural processing of afferent cardiac activity by physically trained individuals reflects enhanced interoceptive sensitivity, which contributes to improved sustained attention. Our results are in line with recent research highlighting the role of neural monitoring of visceral signals in perceptual processing and even the generation of the sense of self.


2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  

The prevalence of obesity is increasing world-wide. Obesity is associated with a plethora of metabolic and clinical constraints, which result in a higher risk for the development of cardiovascular complications and metabolic disease, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is an acknowledged determinant of glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and accounts for the majority of premature death due to cardiovascular events. Physical exercise is generally recommended in patients with diabetes in order to prevent the development of or reduce existing obesity, as adopted by every international treatment guideline so far. Regular physical exercise has a beneficial impact on body composition, cardiovascular integrity, insulin sensitivity and quality of life. However, only a minority of patients participates in regular physical exercise, due to individual or ­disease-related barriers. In type 2 diabetes, there is robust evidence for beneficial effects of physical exercise on glycemic control, cardiovascular health and the development of diabetes-related long-term complications. In type 1 diabetes and patients treated with insulin, a higher risk for exercise-­related hypoglycemia has to be considered, which requires certain prerequisites and adequate adaptions of insulin ­dosing. Current treatment guidelines do only incompletely address the development of exercise-related hypoglycemia. However, every patient with diabetes should participate in regular physical exercise in order to support and enable ­sufficient treatment and optimal glycemic control.


2021 ◽  
pp. 111562
Author(s):  
Marcelo Paes de Barros ◽  
André Luís Lacerda Bachi ◽  
Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Herling Lambertucci ◽  
Rafael Ishihara ◽  
...  

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e022406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay H Dewa ◽  
Lamiece Hassan ◽  
Jenny Shaw ◽  
Jane Senior

ObjectiveInsomnia is highly prevalent in prisoners and is a risk factor for poor mental well-being, depression, suicidality and aggression, all common concerns in this vulnerable population. Improving sleep management options in prison offers the potential to impact positively on a number of these common risk factors. The study aim was to design a treatment pathway for insomnia in prisons informed by stakeholders with professional or lived experience of insomnia and prison-based interventions.DesignA modified Delphi technique, adapted to the stakeholder (either receiving controlled feedback online or face to face on a series of statements), was used over three rounds to gain consensus on a final treatment pathway design.ParticipantsAcademic sleep researchers, prison staff and prisoners were invited to develop the treatment pathway.ResultsFifteen stakeholders took part in round 1 and thirteen in round 2. There were six statements of contention that comprised concerns over the inclusion of sleep observations, sleep restriction therapy and promethazine. Consensus was high (>80%). Thirteen stakeholders agreed the final pathway in round 3. The final treatment pathway comprised a standardised stepped-care approach for insomnia in prison populations. The pathway resulted in five main stages: (1) transition from community; (2) detection and assessment; (3) treatment for short-term insomnia; (4) treatment for long-term insomnia and (5) transition from prison to community or another establishment.ConclusionsThe treatment pathway is designed to promote early detection of insomnia, potentially reducing unnecessary prescriptions and medication trading, misuse and diversion in the prison setting. It should make a substantial difference in reducing the large number of sleep complaints and positively impact on prisoners, staff and the prison environment. Specifically, improving sleep should have a positive impact on prisoners’ mental and physical well-being and aid smooth running of the prison.


2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal ◽  
Mariana Dutilh de Capitani ◽  
Julio Tirapegui

Recent studies of the effects of physical exercise and caloric restriction have found several benefits on the metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors related to metabolic syndrome (MS). This review examines the current state of knowledge of the effects of physical exercise on the main pathologies associated with MS: obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemias and hypertension. Although there are only a few randomized and controlled studies that evaluated the prevention and treatment of MS, strong evidence from controlled studies indicates that lifestyle changes that include regular physical exercise and caloric restriction are effective in preventing and treating DM2 in overweight individuals with reduced glucose tolerance. Likewise, epidemiologic studies suggest that regular physical exercise prevents the development of DM2 and cardiovascular disease. Based on current recommendations, it is important to increase the level of physical exercise at a moderate intensity to achieve good cardiorespiratory and muscular conditions and to promote fat mass reduction, with consequent reductions of risk of developing metabolic syndrome.


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