scholarly journals Surviving Amidst COVID-19 Economic Impacts in Tanzania: Learning from Porters and Guides at Kilimanjaro National Park

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Employment ◽  
Personal Saving ◽  
Mount Kilimanjaro ◽  
The Individual

In Tanzania, tourism industry employed about one million people which is 11.2 percent of total work force in Tanzania. This is due to the fact that Tanzanian is having many distinct natural features that attract tourists such as Kilimanjaro Mountain which is the roof of Africa. Among those one million jobs in tourism industry, porters and guides of Mount Kilimanjaro are included. COVID-19 has impacted tourism industry negatively to the point that the industry was shut down in 2020 and all jobs and employment were cut off. Among the most affected groups are porters and guides in Mount Kilimanjaro their jobs are temporary and depend on seasons. This study sought to explore the economic impact caused by COVID-19 pandemic to porters and guides and the strategies that they used to survive amidst the difficult period of COVID-19 to make a living and fulfill their family’s basic needs. Learning from these porters and guides the study revealed the major negative economic impact they faced was reduction in the individual and family income caused by decrease in the number of visitors due to COVID-19 pandemic. The study further revealed that, there are number of aspects that made them survive amidst COVID-19 pandemic such personal saving, gifts and grants from once served tourists, subsistence allowances from their employers and engaging in other income generating activities such as subsistence small scale farming, sedentary livestock keeping, seeking for alternative employment and engaging in small business and entrepreneurship. The study recommends that porters and guides have to develop some plans that can make them well prepared to cope up with the negative economic impacts that will be caused by any other disasters to the industry in future time. Keywords: COVID-19, Economic Impacts, Porters, Guides

Analysis of The Economic Impacts of Special Event: The Case of Jember Fashion Carnival in Jember City

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Christina L., Rudatin ◽  
Fauzi Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
The City

This study investigated the economic impact a special event in the tourism industry. Jember Fashion Carnival 2015 became the object observed to conduct this study. Jember Fashion Carnival is an annual event from Jember City, but until this time not anyone makes observations to investigate the economic impact of outside tourist that come to Jember City during the time of the event. This study used a semi-structured, self-administered questioner was employed in collecting relevant social and economic data from respondents. A convenience sample of 100 attendees was used to determine the economic impact generated. The Respondents is the tourists who come from outside the city of Jember and attend the Jember Fashion Carnival 2015. The Economic impact assessment based on the amount of spending money from the attendees, with the details information some expenditure categories such as; accommodation, food, entertainment, souvenirs, communication and other types of expenditure. The result supported the claim that the event of Jember Fashion Carnival 2015 has positive economic impact on the host community.

Contribution of Tourism Industry in Nepal: Measuring Its Economic Impact

Patan Pragya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Khom Raj Kharel ◽  
Suman Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourist Demand

This research paper is concern with the economic impact of tourism industry in Nepalese economy. Tourism industry is multi-industry and multi-product and tourist demand is complementary and has to be met by a number of goods and services, which are not only spatially disparate but also functionally different.  The tourist product is of a highly perishable nature and the bulk of tourist facilities have an in-built inflexibility. It initially reviews the concert and using a model, it deals with the factors affecting the economic impacts associate with tourism. The economic impact is measured in terms of direct employment, foreign exchange earnings, GDP and government royalty due to the flow of total tourists arrival of tourists in different fiscal years by using linear regression model and correlation. Results reveal that there is positive economic impact of tourism industry in Nepalese economy.

A case study on year round fodder production scheme for smallholder dairy producers in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
F Tabassum D Yeasmin ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fodder Production

This study was undertaken to develop a year round fodder production model for small scale dairy farmers. Five pregnant dairy cows of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) genotype were selected. For rearing five cows, 66 decimal of land was selected from existing fodder plots under Pachutia Research Farm at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. The selected land was divided into two parts (33 decimal in each). One part was brought under perennial (Napier-4 and Splendida) and the 2nd part of land for seasonal (Maize & Matikalai) fodder production. Data on live weight and live weight gain of cows, birth weight of calves, feed intake, milk production, actual biomass yield for both perennial and seasonal fodder, yearly manure production were recorded and calculated. Napier-4 grass, splendida, maize, straw, silage were supplied to the experimental cows according to the seasonal availability in different months. Concentrate mixture were also supplied consisting of wheat bran, kheshari (red gram), soybean meal, maize crushed, til oil cake, DCP and common salt. Economics of the model revealed that considering the sale of milk, calves and manure and cost included only feed and land leased, a farm/family rearing 5 indigenous dairy cows with his/her family labours, he/she could earn around BDT 98 thousand in a year (1$ = 85 BDT) and the benefit cost ratio of the model on total variable cost and total cost were 1.86 and 1.66, respectively. Therefore, it may be recommended that a farmer having 5 adult dairy cows with 66 decimal land under fodder cultivation may earn substantial share of his/her family income as small-scale rural dairying. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 89-102

Organisation des Luzerner Forstdienstes – konsequente Entflechtung von hoheitlichen und betrieblichen Aufgaben | Organisation of the forestry services in Lucerne – differentiating between sovereign and management tasks

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (11) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Iselin ◽  
Albin Schmidhauser
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
New Public ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Forestry Services ◽  
The Individual

During the past ten years most cantonal forest services have undergone re-organisations. Lucerne's cantonal forest administration initiated a fundamentally new way of providing forestry services by differentiating between sovereign tasks and management tasks. By examining the individual steps of the process we demonstrate how starting with the mandate,goals were developed and implemented over several years. Product managers assumed responsibility for products, as defined in the New Public Management Project, on a cantonal-wide basis. Work within a matrix organisation has led to significant changes. Territorial responsibilities are increasingly assumed by district foresters, who have modern infrastructures at their disposal in the new forestry centres. The re-organisation has led to forest districts being re-drawn and to a reduction in the number of forest regions. To provide greater efficiency,state forest management has been consolidated into a single management unit. The new forest reserve plan removes almost half of the state forest from regular forest management,resulting in a reduction in the volume of work and in the work force. We show how effective the differentiation of sovereignty tasks and management tasks has been in coping with the effects of hurricane Lothar.

scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7164
Author(s):  
Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽  
Victor Martín Barroso ◽  
Francisco José Blanco Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

Environmental Displacement in European Asylum Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Myrstad ◽  
Vikram Kolmannskog
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
European Court ◽  
Asylum Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Border ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Environmental Displacement

AbstractEnvironmentally displaced persons can be included in several existing categories of protected persons under international law, but there may be a normative protection gap for many of those who cross an international border. This article looks at protection possibilities within the EU framework and national European legislations. Environmental displacement can arguably trigger temporary protection according to the EU Temporary Protection Directive. There may also be environmentally displaced persons who require longer-term or permanent protection. Drawing on the EU Qualification Directive and case-law from the European Court of Human Rights, one can argue that subsidiary protection should be granted in certain cases of extreme natural disaster or degradation. In less extreme cases, humanitarian asylum could be granted. Human rights principles such as non-refoulement could also be used to extend at least basic protection. In addition, legal labour migration could supply a work force, assist distressed countries and enhance protection of the individual. A strategy to meet the challenge of environmental displacement must also include climate change mitigation and external measures such as adaptation. Most of the displaced persons in the world today and in the near future do not arrive at the EU borders.

Assessment of socio-economic impacts of Foot-and-Mouth Disease on Cattle in Twelve Villages of Cambodia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

This socio-economic impact study on foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia is part of the regional initiative funded by AusAID called Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), which is coordinated by OIE SRR-SEA.

scholarly journals Teaching the Whitefella—The Role of Cultural Tourism in Opening Remote Indigenous Art Centres to Non-Indigenous Visitors

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Chrischona Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indigenous Art ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Territory Government

This article explores how a remote Aboriginal-owned and -run art centre, Ikuntji Artists in Haasts Bluff, has developed grassroots-level cultural tourism. While not many remote Indigenous art centres engage with the tourism industry, Aboriginal tourism engagement has only recently been identified by the Northern Territory Government as a major business development area. Steered by the member artists and the board, the art centre has been able to create a range of workshops and activities that can be offered to small-scale tour operators. Over the past five years, an arts festival and various workshops for university field students and other small tour operators have been hosted. Member artists, staff and the board as well as the community see cultural tourism as an opportunity to share their culture by way of teaching visitors about the Luritja language, culture and country. Thus, this article argues that art centres can engage meaningfully in cultural tourism and support remote Indigenous communities in the sustainable development of cultural tourism.

scholarly journals Mudra (shishu) – an effective scheme in startups

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
K.C. Kavipriya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Economic Development of a country depends upon the individual development; Creation of more Employment opportunities is the right way to strengthen our Economy. By way of strengthening Small scale units, ultimately more people will get Employment. More over Small scale Industries required less amount of Capital. These are the main reasons to start the scheme MUDRA. The scheme MUDRA was launched in the year 2015 by Government of India. In India most of the people are depending upon small scale businesses as their source of livelihood. Most of the individuals depend on un-organised sectors for loans and other credit facilities which have high rate of interest along with unbearable terms and conditions. Ultimately it will lead these poor people to fall in debts. This paper is an attempt to educate the readers about MUDRA Yojana.

scholarly journals Economic impact of fluctuations in oilsardine landings in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aswathy ◽  
R. Narayanakumar ◽  
Shyam S. Salim ◽  
Prathibha Rohit ◽  
A. Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Sustainable Harvest ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflationary Pressure ◽  
Sardinella Longiceps

The Indian oilsardine Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes, 1847) is a significant contributor to the marine fisheries economy of India. The species showed wide fluctuations in landings in the past and during recent years, the decline in landings is an issue of concern for sustainable harvest of the resource especially in the context of climate change regime. The paper analysed the economic impacts of fluctuations in oilsardine landings in terms of gross earnings realised at landing centre and retail levels; inflation in the domestic markets and external trade during the 2000-2018 period. The analysis indicated that the decline in landings was more in the state of Kerala as compared to all India landings. The inflation at point of first sales (landing centre level) was more during 2000-09 period whereas at retail market level inflation was highest during 2010-2018. The inflationary pressure on domestic consumers in Kerala was more during 2010-2018 period. The growth in external trade of sardines was in tune with the Indian oilsardine landings in the country.

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