scholarly journals [Hamka: The Notable Malay Archipelago Scholar] Hamka: Tokoh Ulama Nusantara

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Nushuhadah Zuhaidi ◽  
Firuz-Akhtar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Education Literature ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) is a Muslim scholar from the Nusantara, who is famous with his works in many fields. His contributions in the development and progress of Muslims in the 20th century are seen as crucial. This study discusses Hamka’s contributions in three major fields which are politics, education, and literature. Hamka strived in the Indonesian political movements such as the Masyumi Party and the Indonesian Ulema Council. He was a religious teacher in educational institutions in Indonesia. He was also a well-known Indonesian writer in the 20th century and had produced many works in different genres. His contributions in the three fields have put forth this writing. This study applies suitable historical analysis method such as internal and external criticism to provide factual evidence as the findings. External criticism is used to confirm the authenticity of a source in terms of time, place, and the person who quoted or produced the materials. Meanwhile, internal criticism is done through careful research of the confirmed and authentic content of the sources from external criticism. As a result, Hamka’s excellence in the three fields which are politics, educations, and literature is indispiutable. This study also highlights his eminence as a great Muslim scholar, writer, leader, and preacher. The impact of his contributions is evident not only in the 20th century but continues until today. Keywords: Hamka, Malay Archipelago scholar, contributions, politics, education, literature   Abstrak   Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) merupakan ulama Nusantara abad-20M yang terkenal dengan ketokohannya dalam pelbagai bidang. Sumbangan beliau begitu penting terhadap pembangunan dan kemajuan umat Islam pada abad ke-20M. Kajian ini membincangkan sumbangan Hamka dalam tiga bidang utama, iaitu politik, pendidikan dan penulisan. Hamka bergiat aktif dalam gerakan politik Indonesia seperti Masyumi dan Majlis Ulama Indonesia. Selain itu, Hamka dilantik sebagai tenaga pengajar di institusi pendidikan di Indonesia. Hamka juga dikenali sebagai sasterawan Indonesia pada abad ke-20M dan telah menghasilkan banyak penulisan yang terdiri daripada pelbagai genre. Peranan Hamka yang begitu menonjol dalam ketiga-tiga bidang tersebut telah menjadi titik tolak kepada penulisan ini. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kajian sejarah yang sesuai seperti kritikan luaran dan kritikan dalaman bagi memastikan ketulenan fakta yang diperolehi. Kritikan luaran dilakukan untuk mengesahkan keaslian dan ketulenan sumber dari segi masa, tempat dan individu yang menghasilkan sumber atau bahan tersebut. Kritikan dalaman pula dilakukan terhadap isi kandungan yang telah disahkan kesahihannya semasa melakukan kritikan luaran. Hasilnya, ketokohan Hamka dapat dilihat dengan jelas dalam tiga bidang tersebut, iaitu politik, pendidikan dan penulisan. Bukan itu sahaja, kajian ini turut menonjolkan ketokohan Hamka sebagai seorang ulama, sasterawan, pemimpin dan pendakwah yang disegani. Kesan sumbangan beliau dapat dilihat bukan sahaja pada abad ke-20M sahaja malah berterusan sehingga ke hari ini. Kata kunci: Hamka, ulama Nusantara, sumbangan, politik, pendidikan, penulisan

scholarly journals PEMURNIAN TAUHID DI TURKI: ANALISIS TERHADAP USAHA BADIUZZAMAN SAID NURSI

2020 ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SUHAIB AHMAD ZAHIR ◽  
MOHD FARID MOHD SHARIF
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Said Nursi ◽  
Society Today

Artikel ini membincang dan memperkenalkan usaha pemurnian yang dilakukan oleh Badiuzzaman Said Nursi (1877–1960 M) mendepani permasalahan yang timbul dalam masyarakat Islam di Turki pada awal abad ke-20. Kesan daripada penyerapan nilai dan pengaruh pemikiran luar ketulenan Islam ini telah berjaya mempengaruhi pemikiran masyarakat dalam aspek kepercayaan dan amalan beragama. Justeru, Said Nursi telah menawarkan penyelesaian kepada permasalahan yang timbul ini dengan melaksanakan langkah pemurnian terhadap tauhid dalam masyarakat. Dengan kata lain, artikel ini merupakan analisis usaha Said Nursi terhadap pemurnian tauhid dalam melaksanakan tuntutan dakwah di Turki. Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, metode analisis sejarah akan digunakan untuk membincangkan usaha Said Nursi dan mengemukakan penelitian kritikal terhadap usahanya menyelamatkan tauhid umat Islam agar kembali kepada ajaran Islam yang sebenar. Hasil daripada analisis ini akan memperlihatkan bahawa Badiuzzaman Said Nursi merupakan seorang tokoh dakwah yang memberi sumbangan terhadap pemurnian tauhid dalam dunia Islam di samping boleh digunakan sebagai sebuah garis panduan kepada para agamawan, pendakwah dan penyelidik mengetengahkan pemurnian tauhid sebagai usaha dakwah yang penting terhadap masyarakat pada hari ini.   This article discusses and introduces the efforts of Tawhid purification undertaken by Badiuzzaman Said Nursi (1877–1960 AD) to address emergent problems within the Turkish Muslim community in early 20th century whereby the absorption of values and thought outside the authenticity of Islam had successfully influenced society thinking in terms of religious beliefs and practices. Said Nursi therefore offered a solution to this problem by implementing measures to purify tawhid in society. This article analyses his efforts in tawhid purification in the implementation of da’wah dictates in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the historical analysis method is utilised to discuss the efforts of Said Nursi and present criticalexamination of his efforts to save the tawhid of Muslims and ensure they return to the true teachings of Islam. The results of this analysis highlight Badiuzzaman Said Nursi as a da’wah figure who contributed to tawhid purification in the Islamic world. The findings at the same time could be used as guidelines for the religious, preachers and researchers to propose tawhid purification as an important da’wah effort in society today.

scholarly journals The Second Declaration of Havana as the Political Manifest of the Socialistic Stage of the Cuban Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Artem Aleksandrovich Lepeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
American States ◽  
Foreign Ministers ◽  
The Impact

The Second Declaration of Havana ratified on February 4, 1962 is the most important document of the socialistic stage of the Cuban Revolution. The historical analysis of this document is essential to appreciate all the peculiarity of the socialism formation in Cuba and to understand the origin of the principles of the revolutionary internationalism during the Cuban Revolution. However, investigations, which are dedicated to specifically this issue, does not present in the Russian historiography. The aim of this work is to clarify the role of the Second Declaration of Havana in the process of the socialistic ideology formation in Cuba under specific historical conditions of the first half of the 20th century and also to estimate the impact of the foreign policy of USA and VIII Consultative Meeting of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of American States (OAS), which took place in January 1962, onto the radicalization of the Cuban Revolution.

Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Allen Gyure
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
School Architecture ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
The Impact

The literature of school architecture tends to break in two different directions. On one hand, practical advice guides written by architects and educators date back to the middle third of the 19th century; they were supplemented by a continuous stream of articles relating to design issues in educators’ and architects’ professional journals. By the early 20th century, they developed into extensively illustrated records of contemporary school buildings and design standards. These design guides continue to be published today, often with brief historical analyses included, in recognition of the specialty field that school architecture has become. The other trend for school architecture literature is toward historical analysis. This path has been less vigorously pursued, however, and architectural histories of schools, their spaces, and equipment appeared infrequently until the 1990s. Today, the importance of school buildings, and the many functional, inspirational, and symbolic roles they play, is widely accepted. Scholars have favored post–World War II schools over counterparts from other times, and, in general, the 20th century has been more popular with historians than previous periods. The consistent narrative in these works has involved the impact of evolving ideas about educational theory and practice on architectural spaces. As more histories are published, the field is broadening beyond its long-standing emphasis on American and English topics and the dominance of English-language publications. This collection of sources, which looks only at primary and secondary education, unfortunately reflects that Anglo-American orientation.

scholarly journals FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA EDUCATION IN RUSSIA IN THE PERIOD FROM THE 18th CENTURY UP TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-761
Author(s):  
Yurii Vladimirovich Mishin ◽  
Aleksandr Yurevich Mishin ◽  
Olga Mikhailovna Pisareva ◽  
Yurii Georgievich Prokhorov ◽  
Valeria Pavlovna Nevmyvako
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Information Society ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Analysis of the formation and development of media education in Russia during the 18th – early 20th centuries. The main emphasis is placed on the formation of media education in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Methodology: The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach, which was implemented using the content analysis of scientific publications on the topic of research; generalization and analysis of empirical-static data; comparative historical analysis of objectively observed trends and patterns in the formation in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century of the prototype of the modern media educational environment. Results: From a historical point of view, media education is the process of studying the impact of mass media on public consciousness, perception of reality, as well as on the ability of individuals or social groups to use media educational technologies as part of an increment of individual and collective knowledge; Media education, representing a new area for interdisciplinary research, is of high practical value to society. This value lies in teaching people new ways of understanding, processing and critically perceiving information. Application: The introduction of media educational technologies in the scientific and educational sphere will allow for better preparation of students and citizens in general for life in the modern information society. Novelty/originality: The article demonstrates that media education is not the result of the transition from an industrial to a post-industrial information society (as is commonly accepted now), but the result of experience that allows for qualified use of mass media (both traditional and modern) for social, economic, scientific and other interactions and in some cases – promotion of the state ideology in the collective consciousness.

American Graduates in Bulgaria in the „Crooked Mirror“ of Files (1930s-1960s)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Georgeta Nazarska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Police Records

The article deals with the graduates of the American educational institutions in Bulgaria, and particularly focuses on their functioning as educated elites in the conditions of communist rule in the 1940-1960s. The monitoring of the American graduates suspected of espionage in favor of England or USA before and after 1944 is described and observed. Based on a historical analysis of the police records and operational developments of various persons, preserved in the Archive of the Communist Secret Police, the following conclusions are reached: the possibility of preserving the educational and professional networks of American graduates in the second half of the 20th century; the effectiveness of the social exchange that takes place among them; the efficiency of the control exercised by the repressive totalitarian structures on the intellectuals.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

A REVIEW ON THE BENEFITS OF HORTICULTURAL THERAPY FOR RETIREMENT COMMUNITY IN MALAYSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amirul Amin Ismail ◽  
Ismail Samsuddin ◽  
Azman Zainonabidin ◽  
Harlina Mohd Ali
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Horticultural Therapy ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
The Impact

By the year 2030, Malaysian population will experience the after effects of the rapid growth of ageing society. This paper investigates the impact of seamless integration of horticultural activity in the new residential typology of retirement community. It is believed that horticultural therapy is not only beneficial for physical and psychological but also promotes socialisation opportunities among the elderly. Comparative analysis method on selected precedent studies has been carried out and analysed in accordance with Malaysian context. Initial findings indicate that a retirement community with horticultural activity gives therapy for healthier well-being. This therapeutic activity can be apositive change in elderly lifestyle and essential towards the establishment of retirement community in Malaysia. 

„Arvīd, uz kurieni Tu aizgāji?”: Arvīda Griguļa personības loma Rakstnieku savienības vēsturē

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Madara Eversone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
State Archive ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to highlight the role of Arvīds Grigulis’ (1906–1989) personality in the Latvian Soviet literary process in the context of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, attempting to discover the contradictions and significance of Arvīds Grigulis’ personality. Arvīds Grigulis was a long-time member of the Writers’ Union, a member of the Soviet nomenklatura, and an authority of the soviet literary process. His evaluations of pre-soviet literary heritage and writings of his contemporaries were often harsh and ruthless, and also influenced the development of the further literary process. The article is based on the documents of the Central Committee of the Latvian Communist Party, the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Communist Party local organization of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union that are available at the Latvian State Archive of the National Archives of Latvia, as well as memories of Grigulis’ contemporaries. It is concluded that the personality of the writer Arvīds Grigulis, although unfolding less in the context of the Writers’ Union, is essential for the exploration of the soviet literary process and events behind the scenes. The article mainly describes events and episodes taking place until 1965, when Arvīds Grigulis’ influence in the Writers’ Union was more remarkable. Individual and further studies should analyse changes and the impact of his decisions in the cultural process of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century.

Wybrane socjodemograficzne determinanty postaw konsumentów wobec żywności o obniżonej zawartości cukru

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Staniewska ◽  
Danuta Jakubowska ◽  
Monika Radzymińska
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Indirect Technique ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of socio-demographic variables on consumer attitudes towards food with a reduced sugar content. The study was conducted in educational institutions, a university and educational centers for seniors located in the Warmia-Mazury, using a survey research method, indirect technique (an original interview questionnaire). In total, 750 respondents were interviewed. The majority of respondents, regardless of socio-demographic characteristics, assesses the health benefits of the sugar content reduction as large and rather large. Despite this, a relatively small portion of respondents, varied by gender and age, used in their diets sugar substitutes and was interested in products with a reduced sugar content. According to the most of the respondents, lowering the sugar content of a product affects the deterioration of its flavor.

Bookkeeper-Controller-CFO: The Rise of the Chief Financial and Chief Accounting Officer

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doron ◽  
C. Richard Baker ◽  
Kiren Dosanjh Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Chief Financial Officers ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This paper traces the evolution of the chief accounting and chief financial officers from minor figures in corporate governance for most of the 20th century to senior management positions by the late 1970s. The paper begins with the testimony before Congress of Arthur Tucker during the debates over the legislation that would become the 1933 Securities Act. Tucker's testimony resulted in the controller or chief accounting officer being included among those persons specifically listed as potentially liable for fraudulent statements or omissions under Section 11 of the Act. The impact of Tucker's efforts, the evolution of the legal liability of financial and accounting officers over the next several decades, the increasing complexity of corporate finance and financial reporting that led to the establishment of the CFO as a position second only to the CEO, and the place of the accounting officer among senior management, are analyzed in the subsequent sections.

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