scholarly journals PEMURNIAN TAUHID DI TURKI: ANALISIS TERHADAP USAHA BADIUZZAMAN SAID NURSI

2020 ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SUHAIB AHMAD ZAHIR ◽  
MOHD FARID MOHD SHARIF
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Said Nursi ◽  
Society Today

Artikel ini membincang dan memperkenalkan usaha pemurnian yang dilakukan oleh Badiuzzaman Said Nursi (1877–1960 M) mendepani permasalahan yang timbul dalam masyarakat Islam di Turki pada awal abad ke-20. Kesan daripada penyerapan nilai dan pengaruh pemikiran luar ketulenan Islam ini telah berjaya mempengaruhi pemikiran masyarakat dalam aspek kepercayaan dan amalan beragama. Justeru, Said Nursi telah menawarkan penyelesaian kepada permasalahan yang timbul ini dengan melaksanakan langkah pemurnian terhadap tauhid dalam masyarakat. Dengan kata lain, artikel ini merupakan analisis usaha Said Nursi terhadap pemurnian tauhid dalam melaksanakan tuntutan dakwah di Turki. Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, metode analisis sejarah akan digunakan untuk membincangkan usaha Said Nursi dan mengemukakan penelitian kritikal terhadap usahanya menyelamatkan tauhid umat Islam agar kembali kepada ajaran Islam yang sebenar. Hasil daripada analisis ini akan memperlihatkan bahawa Badiuzzaman Said Nursi merupakan seorang tokoh dakwah yang memberi sumbangan terhadap pemurnian tauhid dalam dunia Islam di samping boleh digunakan sebagai sebuah garis panduan kepada para agamawan, pendakwah dan penyelidik mengetengahkan pemurnian tauhid sebagai usaha dakwah yang penting terhadap masyarakat pada hari ini.   This article discusses and introduces the efforts of Tawhid purification undertaken by Badiuzzaman Said Nursi (1877–1960 AD) to address emergent problems within the Turkish Muslim community in early 20th century whereby the absorption of values and thought outside the authenticity of Islam had successfully influenced society thinking in terms of religious beliefs and practices. Said Nursi therefore offered a solution to this problem by implementing measures to purify tawhid in society. This article analyses his efforts in tawhid purification in the implementation of da’wah dictates in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the historical analysis method is utilised to discuss the efforts of Said Nursi and present criticalexamination of his efforts to save the tawhid of Muslims and ensure they return to the true teachings of Islam. The results of this analysis highlight Badiuzzaman Said Nursi as a da’wah figure who contributed to tawhid purification in the Islamic world. The findings at the same time could be used as guidelines for the religious, preachers and researchers to propose tawhid purification as an important da’wah effort in society today.

Metode Tafsir Muhammad Abduh dan Muhammad Rasyid Ridha dalam Tafsîr Al-Manâr

TAJDID ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tholabi Kharlie
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
Religious Counseling

Tafsîr al-Manar is one of the most popular exegesis of the Qur`anic studies. Al-Manar magazine, which contains this interpretation periodically, namely in the early 20th century, is widespread throughout the Islamic world and has an important role in enlightening thoughts and religious counseling. The influence of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, along with his student, Sayyid Muhammad Rasyîd Ridhâ, on the development of religious thought in the Islamic world, thus, cannot be underestimated.This article is a result of a previous study of the Qur’an exegesis method of the two prominent Muslim scholars, Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha. The study reveals two main conclusions, they are (1) personally both Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha are independent who have extensive, well-known, and versatile insight and knowledge, have personality traits that are steady, honest, brave, passionate, intelligent, determined, and a number of other advantages, like other leading commentator (2) Al-manâr book, with its superiorities, is well recognized as a monumental work that broadly contributes to the development of Islamic thought, particularly in modern exegesis field. In regard to exegesis of Qur’anic legal verses, though it is not a special legal book, Al-manâr is able to explain deeply and comprehensively the Qur’anic legal verses just like the other legal exegesis works.

Orientalists and Missionaries

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
Colonial Frontier

The best accounts of Hindu religious beliefs and practices to reach Europe before 1800 came overwhelmingly from the pens of missionaries. There are several reasons why this was so. Their missionary task obviously motivated them to attempt to understand Hindu religion even if they ultimately rejected it as a false religion. Beyond this, missionaries were more likely than other Europeans, such as travelers or colonial officials, to spend the bulk of their lives, often several decades, in India. They were more likely to be well-educated, to learn Indian languages, and, especially, to read Indian literature. Although many remained in European coastal enclaves, in the early period they were also much more likely than other Europeans to spend extended periods beyond the colonial frontier, living and working in the hinterland. They were also usually required to give an account of their activities to their superiors in Europe. Their letters and reports are also more likely than those produced by independent travelers (although not colonial officials) to have survived by being preserved in European archives. Although missionary scholarship has continued into the 20th century and even beyond, it was gradually eclipsed by colonial and later professional scholarship from the end of the 18th century. The emphasis here will be on works emerging from the earlier period. Scholarship on missionaries has, until quite recently, been very largely the domain of historians of mission, many of whom were missionaries themselves. This has begun to change as the value of missionary accounts have been more widely recognized, and there has been a welcome shift from the often frankly hagiographic character of earlier secondary scholarship.

scholarly journals THE CONTINUATION OF THE ISLAMIC DISCOURSE OF THE EARLY XX CENTURY IN DAGHESTAN ARABIC SCRIPT WORKS OF THE SOVIET PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Zaira B Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Arabic Script

The article provides a brief review of the Arabic script works of Daghestan theologians of the Soviet period. Generally, they present a continuation of the discourse, originated in Daghestan in the early 20th century. They deal with the topical issues that also apply to modern times: the ideology of Jadidism, Salafism and Wahhabism, the division into madhhabs, the issues of "falsehood", the payment of zakat and qafarat, conducting of mawlids, ijtihad, taqlid and others. Criticism of Wahhabism is presented in several Arabic-language works of the Sufi sheikh Muhammad al-Asali, written in the 20's of the 20th century. The 40-60’s work "al-Jawab al-sahih li-l-ah al-musallah” by Abd al-Hafeez al-Uhli condemns the activities of the Jadids and Wahhabis. The Arabic-language work of Muhammad al-Habshi "Makalat al-Valiyi Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Habshi li Masail al-arif Shuayb-afandi al-Baghini", written in the 60-70's of the XX century, is devoted to the problem of "falsehood". The ideas of the Daghestani adherents of Jadidism are revealed in the works of Abdurakhim al-Aimaki. These works present various views of Daghestani religious figures, representatives of various theological schools. Some of them refer to the so-called "late Soviet period", closest to modern times, when conflicts among believers became more acute and went beyond the theological polemics. The controversy that lasted throughout the twentieth century testifies to the existence of multi-polar opinions in the Muslim community.

scholarly journals Intellectual Network of Mandailing and Haramayn Muslim Scholars in the Mid-19th  and Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-281
Author(s):  
Mhd. Syahnan ◽  
Asrul Asrul ◽  
Ja'far Ja'far
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This paper is an attempt to study the scholars’ network of Mandailing Ulama with those of Haramayn in the mid-19th  and early 20th century. Employing the content analysis method the research finds that the Mandailing scholars had made an intellectual encounter with the scholars in Haramayn, even some of the established networks with Egyptian and Indian scholars. The Mandailing scholars connote those who ethnically originated from Mandailing clan and data reveals that Mandailing scholars come from the residencies of Tapanuli and East Sumatera, both of which are parts of the modern era North Sumatera province. This not to deny that some of the Mandailing scholars were also born in Makkah. From the aspect of the duration of the study, some scholars studied religion intensively and settled in Makkah, while others only learned the Islamic religion by meeting the scholars of Makkah only during the Hajj period. The last group of scholars only studied religion intensely in Nusantara, but while performing hajj they met the scholars and learned religion in very limited time. Mandailing scholars studied Islamic sciences, especially Quranic exegeses, hadīth, and Sufism to a number of such scholars from Arab and Nusantara as Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, ‘Abd al-Qadir b. Shabir al-Mandili (Nasution) and Hasan Masysyath. Ideologically, they studied Islamic sciences in the context of the Sunnī school of thought, especially Ash‘arīyah and Shāfi‘īyah. This study then fills the gap of the study of other researchers about the Nusantara Ulama Network with Middle Eastern scholars.

Manoeuvring Power Dynamics: The Brunei Constitution 1959

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdey Zawawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Early 20Th Century

Power plays an important role for progress and attaining the goals and needs of the state, and the authority to exercise power is through the constitution. Throughout the last two centuries, Brunei has undergone several manifestations of power, which was finally concluded with the establishment of the constitution. This paper will identify how power was manifested within three distinct systems that was utilised during the course of the late 19th and early 20th century. Through the use of historical analysis, the paper will categorise the different dynamics of power that will reveal the authority within the state within each structure. The constitution will be examined to reveal that it was an effort towards the reclamation of power for the state. This paper proposes that the constitution allows the rearticulating of power to fit the context of an Islamic system of governance. As a result of that, it allows the existence of key functions of an Islamic governance to be conceptualised.

scholarly journals АНТРОПОМОРФНІ ОБРАЗИ МАСКАРОНІВ У ЛЬВІВСЬКІЙ АРХІТЕКТУРНО-ДЕКОРАТИВНІЙ ПЛАСТИЦІ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Л. Л. Кукіль
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Artistic Images

The purpose of the study is to analyze the information load and plastic solutions of the anthropomorphic mascarons on the facades of Lviv buildings of the XIX – early XX centuries. Methodology. The article uses general scientific research methods: the historical and comparative method; the method of synthesis and the art history analysis. Research results. The Lviv architectural and decorative plastics of the 19th and early 20th century is characterized by a widespread typology of the mascarons on the facades of the buildings. Various types of faces of old Lviv street, paired male and female images, which represent the unity and the harmony of two beginnings (portraits of married couples), as well as the generalized artistic images, belong to the number of the anthropomorphic maskarons of Lviv of the specified period. The article analyzes the information load and the plastic-stylistic features of various anthropomorphic maskarons of the typological group under study. The authors of the various types of old Lviv street emphasized the efforts to convey the character of the depicted faces. Their artistic expression is enhanced by some personal attributes. This applies to the paired and the generic Lviv maskarons to a lesser extent. On the basis of an art historical analysis of a number of specific samples of the anthropomorphic mascarons of Lviv of the 19th and early 20th century, a species classification of the given typological group has been developed. Scientific novelty. Detected and analyzed the information load and plastic characteristics peculiarities of the mascarons in Lviv architectural and decorative sculpture of the XIX – early XX centuries. Practical ignificance. The proposed article is part of a comprehensive study of the broad typology of the Lviv maskarons of the 19th and early 20th century. The results of the work open up some opportunities for a further research of the groups and the subgroups of the Lviv mascarons and for a detailed art historical analysis of some individual original samples of relief faces of Lviv of the studied period.

scholarly journals THE ARTISTRY OF THE OLD BUILDING OF BARNAUL RAILWAY STATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Elena V. Rusakovich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Research Findings

The article considers the artistry in the architecture of the first railway station building in Barnaul (1914-1915). Typologically, it is a special purpose building in the emerging railway style. This is a listed architectural heritage building of Siberia dating back to the early 20th century. It is important to ensure description and conservation of this heritage building in connection with the program of railway station modernization being implemented in Russia. The architectural features of the building are considered in relation to the processes occurring in the architecture of Russia and railway design, and to the regional architectural environment and the author's intent. An art-historical analysis of the station building's architecture is performed. The stylistic appurtenance and originality of the project are summarized. It is to be hoped that the unique building will be preserved and the research findings will be used in the modernization of Barnaul’s railway station forecourt.

scholarly journals [Hamka: The Notable Malay Archipelago Scholar] Hamka: Tokoh Ulama Nusantara

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Nushuhadah Zuhaidi ◽  
Firuz-Akhtar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Education Literature ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) is a Muslim scholar from the Nusantara, who is famous with his works in many fields. His contributions in the development and progress of Muslims in the 20th century are seen as crucial. This study discusses Hamka’s contributions in three major fields which are politics, education, and literature. Hamka strived in the Indonesian political movements such as the Masyumi Party and the Indonesian Ulema Council. He was a religious teacher in educational institutions in Indonesia. He was also a well-known Indonesian writer in the 20th century and had produced many works in different genres. His contributions in the three fields have put forth this writing. This study applies suitable historical analysis method such as internal and external criticism to provide factual evidence as the findings. External criticism is used to confirm the authenticity of a source in terms of time, place, and the person who quoted or produced the materials. Meanwhile, internal criticism is done through careful research of the confirmed and authentic content of the sources from external criticism. As a result, Hamka’s excellence in the three fields which are politics, educations, and literature is indispiutable. This study also highlights his eminence as a great Muslim scholar, writer, leader, and preacher. The impact of his contributions is evident not only in the 20th century but continues until today. Keywords: Hamka, Malay Archipelago scholar, contributions, politics, education, literature   Abstrak   Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) merupakan ulama Nusantara abad-20M yang terkenal dengan ketokohannya dalam pelbagai bidang. Sumbangan beliau begitu penting terhadap pembangunan dan kemajuan umat Islam pada abad ke-20M. Kajian ini membincangkan sumbangan Hamka dalam tiga bidang utama, iaitu politik, pendidikan dan penulisan. Hamka bergiat aktif dalam gerakan politik Indonesia seperti Masyumi dan Majlis Ulama Indonesia. Selain itu, Hamka dilantik sebagai tenaga pengajar di institusi pendidikan di Indonesia. Hamka juga dikenali sebagai sasterawan Indonesia pada abad ke-20M dan telah menghasilkan banyak penulisan yang terdiri daripada pelbagai genre. Peranan Hamka yang begitu menonjol dalam ketiga-tiga bidang tersebut telah menjadi titik tolak kepada penulisan ini. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kajian sejarah yang sesuai seperti kritikan luaran dan kritikan dalaman bagi memastikan ketulenan fakta yang diperolehi. Kritikan luaran dilakukan untuk mengesahkan keaslian dan ketulenan sumber dari segi masa, tempat dan individu yang menghasilkan sumber atau bahan tersebut. Kritikan dalaman pula dilakukan terhadap isi kandungan yang telah disahkan kesahihannya semasa melakukan kritikan luaran. Hasilnya, ketokohan Hamka dapat dilihat dengan jelas dalam tiga bidang tersebut, iaitu politik, pendidikan dan penulisan. Bukan itu sahaja, kajian ini turut menonjolkan ketokohan Hamka sebagai seorang ulama, sasterawan, pemimpin dan pendakwah yang disegani. Kesan sumbangan beliau dapat dilihat bukan sahaja pada abad ke-20M sahaja malah berterusan sehingga ke hari ini. Kata kunci: Hamka, ulama Nusantara, sumbangan, politik, pendidikan, penulisan

scholarly journals Theological issues on the pages of the tatar press of the early twentieth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Rezeda Rifovna Safiullina - Al Ansi ◽  
Ramil Mirgalimovich Galiullin ◽  
Marat Foatovich Safin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Muslim Community

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the Muslim community of our region today, as at the beginning of the 20th century, is at an important stage in the transformation of public life. The article is aimed at illustrating the important role of the first Tatar newspapers and magazines in discussing the burning problems of the Ummah, using the examples of publications by Tatar authors of the early 20th century. After a thematic analysis of the articles and classification of theological issues raised by the authors, we can see that there was a plurality of solutions to various problems that were proposed during the discussions. This experience in the field of society reform and the search for effective solutions to the problems facing the Muslim community is extremely important today and can be useful for religious leaders, teachers of Islamic religious educational institutions.    

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document