scholarly journals Cultural Challenges in Adherence to HIV Prevention among Youth in Kisarawe District, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Bertha Erasto Losioki
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Youth in Tanzania and the world at large are among the vulnerable population to HIV infection. Adherence to HIV prevention remains a challenge in Tanzania despite the efforts to curb the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine cultural practices that impede adherence to HIV prevention among the youth.  The study adopted a cross-sectional design. The respondents were selected through simple random sampling among secondary school students and out of school youth aged 15–35 years in Kisarawe District Coast Region, Tanzania.  Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, non-participant observation and documentary review. A total of 146 respondents were involved in the study.  The study findings show that customs that encourage early marriage, values and norms that limit negotiation for safe sex and traditions that limit discussion about sexuality issues were a challenge to adherence to HIV prevention among youth. Adherence to HIV prevention and access to sexuality education and reproductive health information was found to be low among youth. The study concludes that customs encouraging early marriage, values and norms limiting negotiation for safe sexual practices, traditions that limit discussions about sexuality issues and night ceremonies significantly impede youth adherence to HIV prevention. The government and non-governmental organisations should ensure implementation of policies and laws against traditional practices that tend to increase youth vulnerability. HIV prevention programmes targeted to youth should focus on sensitisation on harmful cultural practices and ensure the availability of comprehensive sexual education among the youth population.

scholarly journals Persepsi Orang Tua terhadap Pemberian Imunisasi MR pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Agama

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harli ◽  
Bagoes Widjanarko ◽  
Farid Agushybana
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
High Rate ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Belief Model

Background: MR immunization campaign is a national strategy to eliminate measles and rubella in 2020. Musi Rawas district have experienced clinical measles outbreaks in the last 3 years. There were many rejections happened during MR mass immunization implementation. Megang Sakti Subdistrict is one of the sub-district with high rate of rejection from parents of the students at religious-based elementary school. This research aims to identify parents’ perceptions on MR immunization program for elementary school students based on health belief model theory.Method: This study employs quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The subject of the study were 100 parents of the grade 1-6 students at religious-based elementary school at Megang Sakti sub-district. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used that have been validated in other subdistrict priorly. Data was analysed by using univariate, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression for analysis.Results: The results show that 21% of parents have rejected their children to be immunized MR (Measles Rubella). Perceived susceptibility and severity variables have not significantly associated to parent’s rejection. However, perceived benefits and barriers have significantly influenced to the rejection. The biggest barrier in immunizing MR for their children was the parent’s believed that the immunization vaccine substances were not halal refers to Islamic rules. The study suggests that the government should provide comprehensive information related to vaccines’ substances so that people do not hesitate to receive immunization of their children.

scholarly journals The Effects of Traditional Ceremonies and Early Marriages on Girls’ Access to Secondary Education in Kilolo District, a Case of Public Secondary Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ally Abdallah ◽  
Mafanikio Kinemelo ◽  
Amos Ansigary Msambila
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Government

This study aimed to explore the effects of traditional ceremonies and early marriages on girls’ access to secondary education in Kilolo District Council; A case of public secondary schools. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The cross-sectional design was employed to the study. The population of this study was secondary school students in the selected wards of Kilolo District; teachers, ward educational officers, and ward executive officers as key informants. A random sample technique used to randomly select of 108 respondents who were secondary school’s students while purposive sampling technique adopted to the selected 12 key informants for this study. A questionnaires, interview and Focused Group Discussions (FGD) were used to explore information from the respondents. The Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive through the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 while Qualitative data were divided into themes and then subjected to content analysis to supplement quantitative data. The study findings revealed that, lowering academic performance, increase number of school droppers and lowering attendance were among the effects of traditional ceremonies and early marriages on girls’ access to secondary education at Kilolo District. Basing on the study findings, it is recommended that, the government and other stakeholders should take appropriate actions to those people who forced girl’s students to engaged in traditional ceremonies and early marriage with enforcement of law relating with the particular incidents, while at the same time, education on the effects of harmful cultural practicing including early marriage should be disseminating to all over the societies so as to reduce the persistence of the problem with advocacy for girls right in accessing education at all level.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Peer-led Technology on HIV Prevention Among Adolescent in Bandung

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Lindayani ◽  
Heni Purnama ◽  
Irma Darmawati ◽  
Vita Lucya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of HIV infection in aged 15-19 years old was increased significantly every year. Adolescent is a high-risk groups for HIV infection due to high chance to try something new and having big influenced by their peer in school. There is limited intervention utilizing technology conducted in Indonesia to reduce the risk of HIV among adolescents. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of peer-led technology on knowledge and attitude towards HIV prevention among adolescent in Bandung. This research was a queasy experiment with one group conducted in a one of private senior high school in Indonesia from April to August 2018. The sample in this study was a student in one of private high school in Bandung. The inclusion criteria in this study were high school students in grade 1, 2; three sample technique used simple random sampling. The Bahasa version of knowledge and  attitude towards HIV prevention were used to measure the outcome. Paired t test used to test the mean sore of knowledge and attitude the intervention before and after. A total of 28 senior high school students agreed to join in this study. This study found that peer-led technology was useful to improve the knowledge and attitudes of high school students towards HIV prevention, mainly through sexual transmission (p-value <0.001, with a mean difference between pre-test and post-test, was 5.2 for knowledge and 3.19 for attitude). In conclusion, utilizing technology to provide health education in adolescent effectively to improve knowledge and attitude towards HIV prevention. ABSTRAKPrevalensi HIV infeksi pada umur 15-19 tahun meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahun. Remaja adalah kelompok berisiko tinggi untuk infeksi HIV, pada masa ini mereka senang mencoba sesuatu yang baru dan juga faktor tingginya pengaruh teman sebaya di sekolah. Masih sedikit intervensi pencegahan HIV  yang memanfaatkan teknologi untuk mengurangi risiko HIV kalangan remaja di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas peer lead teknologi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap dalam pencegahan HIV di antara remaja di Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen pada satu kelompok perlakuan yang dilakukan di salah satu SMA swasta di Indonesia dari bulan April hingga Agustus 2018. Kriteria inklusi dalam studi ini adalah siswa SMA kelas 1 dan 2. Teknik pengambilan sample dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Instrumen versi bahasa indonesia digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk mengukur pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pencegahan HIV. Analisa data menggunakan paired T test untuk mebandingkan hasil sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Total sejumlah  28 siswa SMA setuju untuk bergabung dalam studi ini. Studi ini menemukan bahwa peer lead technology berguna untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa SMA terhadap pencegahan HIV, terutama melalui transmisi seksual (p-nilai < 0.001, dengan perbedaan yang berarti antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi  adalah 5.2 untuk pengetahuan dan 3.19 untuk sikap). Kesimpulannya, pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pendidikan kesehatan pada remaja terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pencegahan HIV.

scholarly journals Risky sexual behavior in adolescents does not depend on the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e491101321468
Author(s):  
Jéssica Kelly Ramos Cordeiro ◽  
Waleska Fernanda Souto Nóbrega ◽  
Milena Edite Casé de Oliveira ◽  
Kedma Anne Lima Gomes ◽  
Tiago Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: to assess the knowledge and practices of adolescent students in relation to HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, which included twelve public schools from seven cities in Rio Grande do Norte, with a sample of 623 individuals. Two electronic and interactive questionnaires were used for data collection. Data processing was performed using SPSS 25.0® and Stata 14.0. For the analysis of associated factors, the Item Response Theory was used. The project of this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Protocol No. 99473118.2.0000.5292. Results: The participants who achieved the highest means of knowledge level were female (6.04 ± 4.47), with a partner (6.13 ± 4.49), white (6.10 ± 4.46) and received financial assistance from the government (6.72 ± 4.40). Most teenagers reported that they had already had their first sexual intercourse. Of those who continued to have sex in the last 6 months, only 31.3% used a condom. Final considerations: Adolescents have a considerable level of knowledge about the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, but their sexual practices do not follow the recommended preventive measures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pattern of Risky Behaviors for Reproductive and Sexual Health Among Middle- and High-School Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽  
Guillermo Augusto Ceballo ◽  
Edwin Herazo
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle School Student ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive And Sexual Health

This research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with the pattern of risky behavior for reproductive and sexual health (PRBRSH) among secondary education students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was done. The PRBRSH was defined as having had two or more out of four possible risky sexual practices across the lifetime. Logistic regression was calculated to control for confounding variables. In total, 804 students reported lifetime sexual intercourse. PRBRSH was reported by 36.1% of the sample. Illegal substance use (OR=11.4), alcohol drinking (OR=2.5), being a middle-school student (OR=1.7) and middle or high socioeconomic status (1.4) were associated with PRBRSH. Around one out of three adolescent students is at high risk for HIV infection or unwanted pregnancy. Safe sex practices need to be promoted in this population.

scholarly journals Programming for HIV prevention in Mexican schools

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
National Education ◽  
School Based ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
Mexican Schools

As national education programs incorporate HIV prevention into school curriculums, policymakers and educators need to know what they can expect from these initiatives. Can such courses influence the behavior of students and improve their knowledge and attitudes? If not, what can these courses reasonably be expected to accomplish, and what part can they play in overall HIV programming for youth? To help answer these questions, the Mexican Institute of Family and Population Research (IMIFAP), the Mexican Ministry of Public Education (SEP), and the Horizons Program examined the effects of a school-based HIV-prevention program on Mexican secondary-school students. All public schools in Mexico must implement sexuality education and teacher-training programs, although the content is left to each state’s discretion. Students must pass this class just as they would other courses in the curriculum. With approval from SEP, a leading Mexican NGO (IMIFAP) experienced in designing sex education courses developed the curriculum and the teacher-training program used in this study. The 30-session student curriculum, described in this brief, focuses on a broad range of topics that aim to equip students with information and skills to prevent HIV infection.

scholarly journals Perubahan Peran Perempuan Setelah Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pembangunan Yogyakarta International Airport: Kasus Kalurahan Kebonrejo di Kabupaten Kulonprogo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-245
Author(s):  
Fairuz Nabila ◽  
Mohamad Shohibuddin ◽  
Endriatmo Soetarto
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spearman Test

Abstract: Women are one of the parties being affected by the process of land acquisition for the construction of public infrastructure. This article aims to analyse the change of women role after the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of Yogyakarta International Airport in Kulonprogo regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research is carried out in Kebonrejo village, Temon district using quantitative approach supported by qualitative approach. Quantitative data are collected through a survey among 30 female respondents in the households selected by a simple random sampling and analysed through Rank Spearman test, while qualitative data are obtainded through documents review, participant observation and depth interview with key informants. The research findings demonstrate that there is a weak relationship between the participation of women throughout the implementation of land acquisition and the change of women role after the completion of land acquisition. This is due to the fact that despite there is a strong emphasize of public consultation and participation in the regulation of land acquisition, the will and power of the government is very strong and could not be influenced by the whole affected community. In addition, the process of land acquisition itself often put aside women’s specific aspiration and intereset. Consequently, a relative equal gender relation within the household during land acquisition process didn’t have any effect throughout the process and afterward. Keywords: women participation, the roles of women,  land acquisition, development of public infrastucture.   Intisari: Perempuan adalah salah satu pihak yang terimbas oleh pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan infrastruktur publik. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis ,perubahan peran perempuan setelah pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan Yogyakarta International Airport di Kabupaten Kulonprogo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di Kalurahan Kebonrejo, Kapanewon Temon dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung pendekatan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari survei atas 30 responden perempuan dalam rumah tangga yang dipilih secara simple random sampling dan diolah dengan uji Rank Spearman, sementara data kualitatif diperoleh melalui studi dokumen, pengamatan terlibat dan wawancara mendalam dengan para informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara keterlibatan perempuan selama proses pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan Yogyakarta International Airport dengan peran perempuan setelah pengadaan tanah. Ssekalipun keharusan konsultasi dan partisipasi publik sangat ditekankan dalam regulasi pengadaan tanah, namun kehendak dan kekuasaan yang kuat dari pemerintah membuat proses pengadaan tanah tidak dapat dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat terdampak secara keseluruhan. Selain itu, proses pengadaan tanah itu sendiri abai terhadap aspirasi dan kepentingan spesifik kaum perempuan. Akibatnya, relasi gender yang relatif setara di level rumah tangga selama proses pengadaan tanah tidak memiliki hubungan apa pun sepanjang proses tersebut maupun setelahnya.  Kata Kunci: keterlibatan perempuan, peran perempuan, pengadaan tanah, pembangunan infrastruktur publik.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI BEKAL MAKANAN DAN TOTAL ENERGI TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Desy Dwi Anugraheni ◽  
Bibit Mulyana ◽  
Farapti Farapti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Energy

Background: School-age children are critical period which are energy and nutritional needs must be adequate, because they are on growing and developing period. Children tend to spend more time at school because of fullday school rule, so they would skip lunch at school. Therefore, the quality of packed lunch is needed to fulfill the lunch’s children at school.   Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of packed lunch contribution and energy total with nutritional status (BMI/A) in elementary school students at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted between April-Mei 2018 in Muhammadiyah 4 elementary school Surabaya. The sample of the study were a group of fourth and fifth grade with total of 108 student that chosen by simpel random sampling.  The data collected through interview using a questionnaire and recall for 2 days. Person corelation was used to analyze statistically.Results: The average of students energy total is 1614.2 kcal which packed lunch contributed 558.7 kcal or 27.8% total energy requirement. Therefore, this study showed 45.3% students were overweight and obesity. There was a significant association between packed lunch contribution (p=0.000) and energy total (p=0.000) with nutritional status among elementary school children.Conclusions: The nutritional status of elementary children is influenced by the contribution of packed lunch and daily energy total. Therefore higher contribution of packed lunch and daily energy total absoutely the children's nutritional status are also higher.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Anak usia sekolah merupakan usia kritis yang kebutuhan energi dan zat gizinya harus tercukupi, karena pada usia ini anak mengalami tumbuh dan berkembang. Anak cenderung lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu seharian penuh di sekolah karena aturan fullday, sehingga waktu makan siang mereka juga terlewati disekolah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bekal makanan yang berkualitas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan makan siang di sekolah.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan kontribusi bekal makanan dan total energi dengan status gizi (IMT/U) pada anak sekolah dasar di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya pada bulan April-Mei 2018. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 4 dan 5 dengan jumlah 108 siswa dan dipilih secara simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan  recall selama 2 hari. Analisis hubungan yang digunakan adalah korelasi Pearson.Hasil: Rata-rata total energi siswa adalah 1614,2 kkal dengan kontribusi bekal makanan sebesar 558,7 kkal atau 27,8% dari total kebutuhan energi. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  sebanyak 45,3% siswa memiliki status gizi lebih. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kontribusi bekal makanan (p=0,000) dan total energi (p=0,000) dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah dasar.Kesimpulan: Status gizi anak sekolah dasar dipengaruhi oleh kontribusi bekal makanan dan total energi sehari. Sehingga semakin tinggi kontribusi bekal makanan dan total energi sehari maka status gizi anak juga semakin tinggi.

scholarly journals The Compliance of Independent Practice Midwife (PMB) in Completing the MCH Handbook In Lamongan Regency, East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sulistiyowati Sulistiyowati ◽  
Ansih Khoiriyah
Keyword(s):  
Infant Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Government

The government makes a policy for health workers to use MCH Handbook as a communication tool and medium for counseling mothers, families and the community regarding maternal and child health services including their references, mother and child service packages, nutrition, immunization and toddler development. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the compliance of MCH Handbook completion. This research is an analytic study with cross sectional approach. The population in the study were all Independent Midwife Practices (PMB) in the Lamongan district area which were listed in the IBI Branch Management as many as 572, which were divided into 38 branches. The samples were 82 PMB  obtained through simple random sampling, namely the lottery technique. The independent variables in this study were Knowledge, Motivation, Supervision and Work Time while the dependent variable is Compliance with the MCH Handbook. The collected data were processed using Bivariate and Multivariate tests. The results showed that the variables of knowledge, motivation, supervision and length of work affected the compliance of midwives in completing the MCH handbook with p <0.05. It means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The effects were also influenced the knowledge variable where p <0.05.    Based on the above data, it can be concluded that completing the MCH Handbook by midwives is important in order to monitor the development of maternal and infant health and as a means of communication to the patients. Keywords: Compliance, Midwife, Mother and Child Handbook

scholarly journals The Relationship between Emerging Forms of Bullying and Self-Esteem among Secondary Schools Students in Bungoma County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Jane Ingado Misigo; James Kay; Esther Kibor
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between emerging issues of bullying and self-esteem among Secondary School Students in Bungoma County, Kenya. The Social-Ecological Theory and Psychosocial Theory guided the study. The research population was 29,040 Form 3 students, Deputy Principals and Guidance and Counseling teachers from 360 secondary schools participated in the study. A sample size of 399 students was drawn from boys, girls and co-education schools. Form Three Students were randomly selected from the sampled schools. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using mixed-method approaches and correlational design. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected concurrently. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling was used to sample schools and students, respectively. A pilot study was conducted on the 30 Form Three students selected from three categories of secondary schools in Bungoma County. Data was collected using a self-response questionnaire and interview schedule guide. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to analyse and describe data quantitative data.  Inferential statistics such as Pearson Correlation statistics, ANOVA was used to test the significance of the stated hypothesis at the alpha level (α = 0.05). The qualitative data was thematically analysed based on the objectives and presented through texts. All analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The findings revealed that there was a relationship between emerging forms of bullying and self-esteem R2 =.388 (38.8%).

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