The Serum Selenium Level, the Activity of Some Selenodependent Enzymes and the Lipid Profile in Childhood Obesity

Oxidative stress and dyslipidemia are present in childhood obesity. Selenoproteins are important antioxidants. Glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reduce the level of peroxides while the conversion of the tyroid hormon T4 to T3 needs also a selenoenzyme. Selenium deficiency can reduce the selenoproteins activity. The aim of this study was to determine the serum: selenium (Se), thioredoxin level (Trx) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in obese children with dysmetabolism. The lipid profile, the hormones (free T4 and TSH), serum Se, serum Trx and GPx activity and atherogenic indexes (TG/HDLc, total cholesterol/HDLc, apoB/apoA-I ) were determined in 20 healthy children (10-16 years old) versus 41 overweight/obese children, same age, in an observational study. Spectro-photometer and ELISA methods were used. The GPx activity and the serum Se level had similar values in the studied groups , while the serum Trx level was lower in the obese children. The GPx activity was positively correlated with atherogenic indexes, negatively correlated with apo A-I (r= -0.74) and Se was positively correlated with apo B (r=0.52). The obese children had TSH and freeT4 in the normal range, but freeT4 was significantly higher in comparison with the values observed in the normal weight children. In conclusion, in childhood obesity, the normal serum range values for selenium or for selenium dependent proteins can �hide�a dysmetabolism of selenium because there are significant differences for the values of these parameters versus the ones from normal weight children. In childhood obesity, serum GPx activity and selenium values were strongly correlated with the atherogenic indexes.

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Nutritional Status Related to Selenium in Patients With Ataxia-Telangiectasia - A Case Control Study: an Association With Oxidative Stress and Risk of Atherosclerosis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-71382/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Itana Gomes Alves Andrade ◽

Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza ◽

Fernando Luiz Fonseca ◽

Carolina Sanchez Aranda Lago ◽

Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Food Intake ◽

Liver Function ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Apo B

Abstract Introduction: Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a multi-system disorder that may be associated with endocrine changes, oxidative stress in addition to inflammation. Studies suggest that selenium (Se) is a trace element related to protection against damage caused by oxidative stress; it is postulated that adequate consumption reduces the risk of some chronic diseases. Objective: To describe the concentrations of Se and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in patients with A-T, to relate them to markers of the lipid profile. Methods: We evaluated, through a controlled cross-sectional study, 22 A-T patients matched by sex and age with healthy individuals, conjointly evaluating: nutritional status, food intake, serum selenium, glutathione peroxidase (activity), lipid metabolism biomarkers, inflammation and lipid. Results: The median age in the A-T group was 12.2 years. A-T patients had greater impairment of lean body mass and GPx activity as well as lower abdominal circumference. A more atherogenic lipid profile was observed with higher concentrations of total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, LDLox, Apo B, Apo B / Apo A-1 and LDL / HDL ratio; while a lower value was observed in the Apo A-1 / HDL ratio. It was also in the A-T group that statistical difference was detected in the three markers of liver function AST, ALT and GGT. In regard to food intake, A-T patients had lower values of carbohydrate, protein, monounsaturated fat, trans fat, and Se. Conclusion: The study showed cardiovascular risk in A-T patients. A-T patients appear to be at increased risk of reduced nutritional status, impaired liver function, dyslipidemia and inflammation.

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Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in obese children: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

10.21203/rs.2.16332/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bahareh Nikooyeh ◽

Bruce Hollis ◽

Tirang Reza Neyestani

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Obese Children ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Adenovirus 36

Abstract Background. Among the causative factors of obesity, a rather newly proposed theory is viral infections. The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported by some research groups in children. We hypothesized that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a case control study on children and adolescents with normal weight, over weight and obesity. Methods. In total, 91 (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obese: 25) apparently healthy children aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed. Results. The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of calcidiol decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in normal weight than in overweight and obese children (31.0±16.4, 22.5±10.5 and 21.9±9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p=0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH)D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in calcidiol concentration (OR: 0.95, p=0.012). Conclusion. It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis and weight gain may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in obese children. Further studies are warranted.

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Investigation of ischemia modified albumin and coenzyme Q10 levels in obese children with metabolic syndrome

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2016-0147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sabahattin Muhtaroğlu ◽

Selda Özkan Koçak ◽

İhsan Çetin ◽

Didem Barlak Keti ◽

Mustafa Kendirci

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Ischemia Modified Albumin

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to analyze serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and plasma CoQ10 levels and to evaluate their correlation with insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment, HOMA) and lipid profile in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods:Thirty-one obese with MS, 30 obese without MS and 34 healthy children aged 6–18 years were included in the study. Serum IMA was measured by colorimetric method, plasma CoQ10 levels were measured by HPLC. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were analyzed.Results:IMA levels were found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) while the CoQ10 levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) in obese children with and without MS compared to controls. IMA and CoQ10 significantly correlated with each other and metabolic parameters. Furthermore, IMA and CoQ10 levels did not significantly differ between obese children with and without MS, while glucose, insulin levels and HOMA were significantly higher (p<0.001) in obese children with MS than obese without MS and controls.Conclusions:Based on the high levels of IMA, low CoQ10 and association with HOMA and lipid profile; we suggest that obese children may have oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and cardiometabolic risk.

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Acylated and nonacylated ghrelin levels and their associations with insulin resistance in obese and normal weight children with metabolic syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0375 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (6) ◽

pp. 861-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Lucia Pacifico ◽

Eleonora Poggiogalle ◽

Francesco Costantino ◽

Caterina Anania ◽

Flavia Ferraro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Tanner Stage ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

The Impact

BackgroundGhrelin, a peptide mainly derived from the stomach, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism, and storage, as well as in insulin sensitivity. Ghrelin circulates in acylated (A-Ghr) and nonacylated (NA-Ghr) forms, and their potential differential associations with insulin resistance (IR) in childhood obesity remain undefined.ObjectiveWe investigated the associations of ghrelin forms with IR in normal weight and obese children and the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on their plasma values.DesignA total of 210 children in four subgroups of normal weight/obese children with and without components of MS were studied. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and acylated and total ghrelin were examined. IR was determined by a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of IR.ResultsIn the entire population, plasma insulin and HOMA-IR were associated negatively with T-Ghr and NA-Ghr, but positively with the ratio of A/NA-Ghr after adjustment for age, gender, and Tanner stage. Obese metabolically abnormal children had lower T-Ghr and NA-Ghr, but comparable A-Ghr and a higher A/NA-Ghr ratio than obese metabolically normal subjects. Compared with lean healthy children, lean metabolically abnormal subjects had higher A-Ghr and the A/NA-Ghr ratio, but comparable T-Ghr and NA-Ghr. A multiple regression analysis showed that A-Ghr and the A/NA-Ghr ratios were positively associated with HOMA-IR, independent of age, gender, Tanner stage, and body mass index (or waist circumference) and other components of MS.ConclusionsA-Ghr excess may negatively modulate insulin action in obese and nonobese children, and may contribute to the association of IR and MS.

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Does obesity influence ventricular repolarisation in children?

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120004369 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Nihan Yıldırım Yıldız ◽

Tayfun Uçar ◽

Mehmet G. Ramoğlu ◽

Merih Berberoğlu ◽

Zeynep Şıklar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Obese Children ◽

Ventricular Repolarisation

Abstract Objective: Ventricular repolarisation changes may lead to sudden cardiac death in obese individuals. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ventricular repolarisation changes, echocardiographic parameters, anthropometric measures, and metabolic syndrome laboratory parameters in obese children. Methods: The study involved 81 obese and 82 normal-weight healthy children with a mean age of 12.3 ± 2.7 years. Anthropometric measurements of participants were evaluated according to nomograms. Obese patients were subdivided into two groups; metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome obese. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile were measured. QT/QTc interval, QT/QTc dispersions were measured, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic measurements were performed. Results: Body weight, body mass index, relative body mass index, waist/hip circumference ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in obese children. QT and QTc dispersions were significantly higher in obese children and also obese children with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher QT and QTc dispersions compared to non-metabolic syndrome obese children (p < 0.001) and normal-weight healthy children (p < 0.001). Waist/hip circumference ratio, body mass index, and relative body mass index were the most important determinant of QT and QTc dispersions. Left ventricular wall thickness (left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole, interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole) and left ventricular mass index were significantly higher and ejection fraction was lower in obese children. Left ventricular mass index and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole were positively correlated with QT and QTc dispersions. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that QT/ QTc interval prolongation and increase in QT and QTc dispersion on electrocardiogram may be found at an early age in obese children.

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Young Children with Excess of Weight Show an Impaired Selenium Status

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000101 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Ortega ◽

Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Aparicio ◽

I. Jiménez-Ortega ◽

Palmeros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Relationship ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Antioxidant Protection ◽

Selenium Status ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Food Record ◽

Selenium Intake ◽

Gpx Activity

People who are overweight/obese commonly experience poorer antioxidant protection. The aim of the present study was to determine whether overweight/obesity is associated with childrens selenium status. The study subjects were 573 Madrid schoolchildren aged 8 - 13 years. Their selenium intake was monitored via a three-day food record. Serum selenium concentration and blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity of each subject was also determined, as was body mass index (BMI). Children with excess of weight (BMI>P85) had lower serum selenium concentrations than those of normal weight (64.6 ± 16.8 µg/L compared to 75.3 ± 12.2 µg/L; p < 0.001). Their selenium intake was also lower (1.99 ± 0.62 µg/kg compared to 2.73 ± 0.88 µg/kg; p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between serum selenium and selenium intake (the best being obtained when intake was measured in µg/kg/day, r = 0.338, p < 0.05), while a negative relationship was seen between serum selenium and all the anthropometric variables recorded (the strongest correlation was seen between serum selenium and BMI, r = -0.390, p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed the risk of selenium deficiency (<70 µg/L) to increase with BMI [OR = 1.5031 (1.3828 - 1.6338)] and to decrease with selenium intake [OR = 0.9862 (0.9775 - 0.9949)] and age [OR = 0.6813 (0.5434 - 0.8542)] (p < 0.001). A correlation was also detected between serum selenium and GPx activity (r = 0.177; p < 0.05) but there were no significant relationships between GPx activity and any anthropometric variables, excluding the correlation with waist/hip ratio (r = -0.298; p < 0.01). Children with excess of weight have a poorer selenium status than children of normal weight, which can contribute to poor antioxidant protection. This situation could be more evident in children with central adiposity.

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Assessment of Adiponectin and Leptin as Biomarkers of Positive Metabolic Outcomes after Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Children

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-0476 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 3051-3057 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Valentina M. Cambuli ◽

M. Cristina Musiu ◽

Michela Incani ◽

Monica Paderi ◽

Roberto Serpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Metabolic Outcomes

Abstract Background: A number of metabolic changes are caused by childhood obesity, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. To counteract them, lifestyle modification with changes in dietary habits and physical activity is the primary intervention. Anthropometric parameters may not identify all positive changes associated with lifestyle modifications, whereas circulating adipokines may represent an alternative as biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate adiponectin and leptin levels as markers of positive metabolic outcomes in childhood obesity. Methods: Changes in clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters, including adiponectin and leptin, were assessed in 104 overweight and obese children before and after 1 yr of lifestyle intervention. Obesity and overweight were defined according to the Italian body mass index reference tables for age and sex. Fifty-four normal-weight children were evaluated as controls. Forty-eight of the children (47.5%) returned for follow-up at 1 yr. Results: Compared with normal-weight children, overweight and obese subjects differed significantly at baseline for glycemia, insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, adiponectinemia (5.8 vs. 18.2 μg/ml in controls), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. These parameters were all higher in the overweight/obese children. At follow-up, most parameters improved in overweight/obese children. The most significant changes were observed in adiponectin concentration, which increased by 245% (P < 0.0001), reaching the levels observed in normal-weight children. Leptin levels showed changes unrelated to positive metabolic outcomes, remaining high at 1 yr of follow-up in overweight/obese children. Regardless of changes in weight status, children with lifestyle intervention reported changes in homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and in adiponectin that were associated with loss of fat mass. Conclusions: After lifestyle intervention, adiponectin increased regardless of changes in weight, whereas no consistent changes was observed in serum leptin. Therefore, circulating adiponectin may represent a good biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese children.

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High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-13-0037 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 631-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Teresa Arrigo ◽

Valeria Chirico ◽

Vincenzo Salpietro ◽

Caterina Munafò ◽

Valeria Ferraù ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

High Mobility ◽

High Mobility Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Obese Children

IntroductionObesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays a key role in inflammation and immunostimulatory and chemotactic processes. The aim of the study was to assess the role of HMGB1 in obese children and to evaluate its diagnostic profile in identifying childhood obesity-related complications, such as the metabolic syndrome (MS).Patients and methodsSixty obese children were enrolled and compared with 40 healthy children (control). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, thyroid hormones, and pro- and anti-inflammatory peptides such as C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL6), IL18, IL23, TNFα, resistin, and HMGB1 were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was employed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) for HMGB1, IL6, and adiponectin to find the best cutoff values capable of identifying MS in obese children.ResultsHMGB1 levels were statistically higher in obese patients than in the control group (19.4±6.8 vs 3.7±1.2 ng/ml;P<0.0001). In obese patients, IL18, IL6, and resistin levels were significantly high, while adiponectin levels were low. At multivariate analysis, HMGB1 was found to be independently correlated with BMI, IL23, IL6, free triiodothyronine, HDL, and HOMA-IR. At ROC analysis, HMGB1 showed higher sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 0. 992; sensitivity, 94.7%; specificity, 97.5%) than IL6 and adiponectin in identifying MS in obese children.ConclusionHMGB1 plays an important role in the inflammatory process associated with childhood obesity. This peptide may be an important diagnostic marker for obesity-related complications, such as MS.

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Anxiety, depression and self-esteem levels in obese children: a case-control study

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2015-0254 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Seda Topçu ◽

Filiz Şimşek Orhon ◽

Meltem Tayfun ◽

Seyit Ahmet Uçaktürk ◽

Fatma Demirel

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Control ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Self Concept ◽

Obese Children ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

AbstractObesity is a global health problem affecting all age groups. Childhood obesity, which may cause chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, etc., deserves more attention. However, few studies highlight the association between childhood obesity and psychological diseases. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the psychological condition in obese children.One hundred and sixty-seven obese (body mass index (BMI) >95th percentile) and 200 normal weight children (BMI between 5th and 85th percentile) aged 9–16 years were enrolled into this case-control study. In order to assess the self-concept, anxiety and depression levels: the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS), state and trait anxiety inventory for children (STAI-C) and the children depression inventory (CDI) were administered both obese and control groups.There were significant differences among obese and control groups in terms of the total score of PHCSCS [55 (22–69) versus 65 (57–74)], STAI-C [37 (20–55) versus 28 (20–42)], and CDI [12 (4–39)] versus [8 (3–19)]; respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). We also found statistically significant differences among groups in all of the subscales parameters of PHCSCS (p<0.001).Our results indicate that obese children may experience psychiatric disorders more than normal-weight peers.

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Gut Phageome Analysis Reveals Disease-Specific Hallmarks in Childhood Obesity

10.1101/2020.07.29.227637 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shirley Bikel ◽

Gamaliel López-Leal ◽

Fernanda Cornejo-Granados ◽

Luigui Gallardo-Becerra ◽

Filiberto Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

School Age Children ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

School Age ◽

Obese Children ◽

Human Gut ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

First Time

AbstractChanges in the composition of the human gut microbiome are recognized to have a significant association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mexico leads worldwide childhood-obesity rankings representing an epidemic problem for public health. To this date, it is still unclear how the gut phageome, the bacteriophage component of the virome, influences childhood obesity and obesity with metabolic syndrome. We characterized the gut phageome of 28 school-age children with healthy normal-weight (NW), obese (O), and obese with metabolic syndrome (OMS) profiles, using metagenomic sequencing of virus-like particles (VLPs) from fecal samples. Viromes derived from VLPs were mainly dominated by Caudovirales, and only Inoviridae family was significantly increased in obesity. The three groups showed a similar number of VLPs, while a significant increase in phage richness and diversity was found in obesity groups compared NW. Few phage contigs dominated the phageome composition in NW, being increased in obesity groups. Interestingly, the majority of the phageome was shared among all individuals, establishing a core and common phageome, which abundances correlated with anthropometric and biochemical traits and bacteria previously associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We also established a healthy core phageome shared in >80% of NW samples, with a decreased prevalence in the O and OMS groups. Our data support that changes in the gut phageome may contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome development via bacterial dysbiosis. We consider the phageome characterization provides the basis for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and preventing metabolic syndrome development in obese children through potential phage manipulation. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the most in-depth sequenced dataset of human bacteriophages, demonstrating for the first time that alterations of the gut phageome characterize obesity.

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