Correlation between BCG Immunization Status and The Incidence of Tuberculosis among Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Annisa Nisa ◽  
Ulfa Hamdanah ◽  
Anita Dwi Ariyani
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: A children tend to have a high risk on the tuberculosis (TB) infection. BCG immunization is well known as effective way to protect the children from the infection of TB bacteria. Therefore, the study aim was to investigate a correlation between BCG immunization status and the incidence of tuberculosis among children. Methods: A retrospective case-control study design was used. In total 34 children, whose aged between 1 to 12 years old and visited Wonorejo Primary Health Center between September, 12nd to 16th 2019 recruited as study participant. The Chi-square test was used in this study. Results: There was a significant correlation between BCG immunization status and the incidence of tuberculosis among children with P value = .008, < .05. Conclusion: Among five from six children who did not received the BCG immunization were suffered with TB bacteria infection.  

Correlation Of Knowledge About Prevention Of Kusta Disease and Kusta Transmission Risk In Primary Health Care Losari , Kedaton And Babakan,Cirebon District

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Maryam Ulfah ◽  
Yani Kamasturyani ◽  
Putri Mutiara Ramandani
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background:Knowledge of leprosy prevention is the knowledge of a person doing a first line prevention or pervention action before a disease occurs. Based on data from Cirebon district Health OfficeThe incident of leprosy are 232 patients.According to the data primary health center Losari, Kedaton and Babakan There are 37 leprosy patients. Purpose: This research aimed to know an overview of knowledge about the prevention of leprosy, know an overview risk of cutaneous transmission, and knowlegde connection of prevention with leprosy transmission of primary health center Lossari, Kedaton and Babakan Cirebon District. Method:This is quantitative with Cross Sectional Study design. The population in this research is family members of leprosy primary health center Losari, Kedaton dan Babakan Cirebon district. The samples were choosen by Propotional Random Sampling which amounted to 114 respondents. The data retrieval research was conducted on 15 July – 15 September 2018. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi Square test. Result:The result of univariate analysis shows that connection of prevention leprosy was motsly good, that is mostly less 14 respondent (46,7%) and leprosy transmission mostly not risk 21 respondent (70,0%),. The result of chi square test was obtained p value = 0,011. Conclusion:Its indicatedthat there is a relationship betweenIndicating that H0 is rejected an Ha accepted means the a knowlegde connection of prevention with leprosy transmission of primary health center Lossari, Kedaton and Babakan Cirebon District

scholarly journals Predictors of Death in Severe COVID-19 Patients at Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endalkachew H. Maru ◽  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽  
Nigat W. Chamesew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the number of new cases and death due to COVID-19 is increasing, understanding the characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients and identifying characteristics that lead to death is a key to make an informed decision. In Ethiopia, as of September 27, 2020, a total of 72,700 cases and 1165 deaths were reported.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the determinants of death in Severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study of 147 Severe COVID-19 patients (49 deaths and 98 discharged alive cases) was conducted from August to September 2020. A comparison of underlying characteristics between cases (death) and controls (alive) was assessed using a chi-square test and an independent t-test with a p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the predictor variables and outcome of Severe COVID-19 (Alive Vs Death) where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsHaving diabetes mellitus (AOR= 3.257, 95% CI= 1.348, 7.867, p-value=0.00), fever (AOR=0.328, 95% CI: 0.123, 0.878, p-value= 0.027) and Shortness of breath (AOR= 4.034, 95% CI= 1.481, 10.988, p-value=0.006) were found to be significant predictors of death in Severe COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsThe outcome of death in Severe COVID-19 patients is found to be associated with exposures to being diabetic and having SOB at admission. On the other hand, having a fever at admission was associated with a favorable outcome of being discharged alive.

scholarly journals The Association Between TP53 rs1625895 Polymorphism and the Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity in Iranian Older Adults: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Montazeri-Najababady ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Nasrin Nasimi ◽  
Zahra Sohrabi ◽  
Nazanin Chatrabnous
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Aging and obesity are the two major global health concerns. Sarcopenia, an age-linked disease, wherein a progressive loss of muscle volume, muscle strength, and physical activity occurs. In this study we evaluated the association of TP53 rs1625895 polymorphism with the susceptibility to sarcopenic obesity in Iranian old-age subjects. Total of 206 old individuals (45 sarcopenic and 161 non-sarcopenic) were recruited in this research and genotyped by PCR–RFLP. BMI, Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI), body composition, Handgrip Strength (HGS), Gait Speed (GS), and biochemical parameters were measured. Chi-square test was done for genotypes and alleles frequency. Linear regression was applied to find the correlation between TP53 rs1625895 polymorphism, and biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The correlation between TP53 rs1625895 and the risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was investigated by logistic regression.Results: G allele was significantly higher in sarcopenic obesity group [P =0.037, OR (CI 95%)=1.9 (1.03-3.5)] compared to A allele. BMI (P= 0.049) and LDL (P=0.04) were significantly differed between genotypes when GG was compared to AA/AG genotype. The results revealed when GG genotype compared to AA/AG genotype in adjusted model for age, the risk of sarcopenic obesity [P value= 0.011, OR (CI 95%); 2.72 (1.25-5.91)] increased. Similarly, GG/AG genotype increased the risk of sarcopenic obesity [P value= 0.028, OR (CI 95%); 2.43 (1.10-5.36)] in adjusted model for age compared to AA genotype.Conclusion: We concluded that TP53 rs1625895 polymorphism may increase the risk of sarcopenic obesity in Iranian population.

scholarly journals Suturing in single tooth Alveoloplasty wounds: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1191
Author(s):  
Kausalyah Krisna Malay ◽  
Balakrishna R. N ◽  
Jayanth Kumar V
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

Alveoloplasty has been defined as the surgical removal of a portion of the alveolar process. It has stated that some form of alveoloplasty is indicated in nearly every instance of multiple extractions and frequently even in single extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of suture techniques in single tooth alveoloplasty wounds. The purpose of this study was to analyse the sutures used for single tooth alveoloplasty. A study was carried out by collecting data by reviewing patients data and analysing the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 at the private dental institute. A total number of 26 case sheets were reviewed from intra oral photographs and additional supports. Photographs were assessed to determine the technique of suturing for patients undergoing single tooth alveoloplasty. The study was evaluated and approved by the ethical committee of the private dental institute Data was statistically analysed using SPSS 2.0, Chi Square Test was conducted. The results were recorded. The results showed majority of the dental students provided simple interrupted sutures post single tooth alveoloplasty wounds. Statistically, the difference was not significantly associated between tooth number and type of suture in single tooth alveoloplasty wounds as the p value was 0.404, (Chi Square test, p&gt;0.05). Within the limitation of present study, the majority of the dental students provided simple interrupted sutures post single tooth alveoloplasty wounds especially in relation to tooth number 37.

scholarly journals Kejadian Demam Tifoid di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pagiyanten

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Farissa Ulfa ◽  
Oktia Woro Kasmini Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eating Habit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRAK Kasus demam tifoid di Kabupaten Tegal pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebanyak 11.387 kasus dan Puskesmas Pagiyanten merupakan puskesmas dengan jumlah kasus demam tifoid tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 377 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid di Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi case control dengan sampel sebesar 43 kasus dan 43 kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil yang didapatkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid meliputi kebiasaan makan di luar rumah (p-value=0,001), kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan (p-value=0,02), kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah BAB (p-value=0,04), kebiasaan mencuci bahan makanan mentah (p-value=0,007), dan jamban sehat (p-value=0,04). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan makan di luar rumah, kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan, kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah BAB. kebiasaan mencuci bahan makanan mentah, dan jamban sehat dengan kejadian demam tifoid di Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.   Kata Kunci: Faktor Risiko, Demam Tifoid   ABSTRACT Typhoid fever in Tegal regency in 2016 were 11,387 cases, and Puskesmas Pagiyanten with the highest number of cases of typhoid fever of 377 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of typhoid fever in Puskesmas Pagiyanten Tegal regency. The research used case control study with 43 cases and 43 controls. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. The results of factors related to the occurrence of typhoid fever include eating habits outside the home (p-value=0.001), hand washing before eating habits (p-value=0.02), hand washing habit after defecate (p-value=0.04), the habit of washing raw food (p-value=0,007), and healthy latrines (p-value=0,04). The conclusion of this research is there is a relationship between eating habits outside the home, the habit of washing hands before eating, habit of washing hands after defecate, the habit of washing raw food, and healthy latrines with the incidence of typhoid fever in Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal. Keywords: Risk Factors, Typhoid Fever

scholarly journals Determinan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
St. Surya Indah Nurdin ◽  
Ratna Dunggio ◽  
Sarni Batiti ◽  
Levana Sondakh ◽  
Zul Fikar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Factor Prevention ◽  
Control Study

Preeclampsia is an increase in blood pressure in pregnant women and excess levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria). This study aims to assess the factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia. This is an analytical observational study with a case control study approach. This study was carried out in January-September 2018. The sample in this study was 62 people, 31 case samples and 31 control samples. Sample was selected used simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using chi-square test. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between obesity, parity, and history of ANC with the incidence of preeclampsia with p-value <0.05. Obesity is 7.2 times more at risk of developing preeclampsia (OR = 7,200 CI 95% = 2,182-23,755). Multigravida (OR = 0.044 95% CI: 0.011-0.182) and a history of complete ANC (OR = 0.057 95% CI: 0.011-0.281) were protective factors for the incidence of preeclampsia. To prevent the incidence of preeclampsia, it is necessary to increase education and literacy on risk factor prevention, including improving clean and healthy living behavior.

scholarly journals Baseline blood count levels increase odds of cytopenia among CML patients in Kenya: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela McLigeyo ◽  
Jamilla Rajab ◽  
Peter Oyiro ◽  
Mohammed Ezzi ◽  
Yatich Bett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Imatinib is the gold standard for the treatment of all phases of Philadelphia positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). During treatment, patients may develop cytopenia. We aimed to study the baseline characteristics and factors associated with cytopenia at a Nairobi Hospital. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of patients aged ≥ 18 years on follow-up at the Glivec International Patient Access Program (GIPAP) clinic from 2007–2015. The cases consisted of CML patients on imatinib who developed cytopenia. The controls were CML patients on imatinib who did not develop cytopenia. Baseline socio – demographic, clinical, hematologic, and molecular data were retrieved from patients’ files. Chi square or fishers’ exact tests were used to analyze for differences between cytopenia and no cytopenia. Binary logistic regressions were employed to identify relationships. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify independent predictors of cytopenia. Odds ratios (OR) were presented including the 95% confidence intervals and respective p values. Results A total of 201 patients were studied. Males were 52%, 42% were aged 36–50 years, 70% had symptoms for > 12 months before diagnosis, 78.6% had B symptoms at baseline, 80% had a moderate splenomegaly at baseline, 40% and 37.4% developed cytopenia within 3 months and 3–6 months respectively after imatinib initiation. Baseline neutrophilia, neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia was found in 68%, 11%, 11%, 23.5% and 11% respectively. Baseline hemoglobin, neutrophil and platelet level were significantly different between the cytopenia and the no cytopenia group. On univariable analysis, baseline anemia with hb < 7.9g/dL (p = 0.002), neutropenia (p = 0.001), neutrophilia > 100,000/mm3 (p = 0.002) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.001) increased the odds of developing cytopenia. On multivariable analysis, baseline anaemia (p value < 0.002), neutropenia (p value < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (p value, < 0.001) and thrombocytosis (p value, 0.033) increased the odds of developing cytopenia. Conclusion Odds of cytopenia were higher in presence of baseline cytopenia and thrombocytosis. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for these patients.

Analisis Faktor Ibu yang Pernah Bersalin Nomal Mengalami Risiko Bedah CCaesarea

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti maisyaroh Fitri Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dominant Influence ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT               The objective of the research was to analyze the risk factors of  women with the history of normal childbirth had delivery by section caesarea.             The research used observational analytic method with case-control study design. The samples consisted of 42 cases and 42 controls, taken by using consecutive sampling technique. Dependent variable was childbirth with CS and independent variables were parity, accompanied illness, and reference. The gathered data were analyzed by using univatriate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square test, and multivatriate analysis at α = 0.05.             The result of the research from multivariate analysis showed that the variables which had significant influence on childbirth with SC were parity (p = 0.006; OR = 5.801 95% CI = 1.642-19.110),accompanied illness (p = 0.03; OR = 6.382 95% CI = 1.198-33.992), and reference (p = 0.003; OR = 6.350 95% CI = 1.874-21.522). The variable which had the most dominant influence childbirth with CS was accompanied illness. p-value = 97% which indicated that childbirth women with the parity > 2 had accompanied illness and the reference to the hospital had the possibility to give birth with CS of 97%.             It is recommended to do family planning programme, and prevent the illness during pregnant, apply ANC according to the standard, and make sure that the childbirth is safe from Period I to Period III.   Keywords: Risk Factor, Caesarea, Case-Control

scholarly journals Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku Masyarakat yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Muara Pawan Kabupaten Ketapang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Wary Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis ◽  
Control Study

Judul : Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Muara Pawan Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan BaratLatar belakang: Tahun 2015, terdapat 79 kasus filariais di Kecamatan Muara Pawan Kabupaten Ketapang dengan micrifilaria rate sebesar 2,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor lingkungan dan perilaku dengan kejadian filariasis, serta mengidentifikasi spesies nnyamuk yang diduga sebagai vektor filariasis.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan case control. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 32 kasus dan 32 kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan taraf signifikasi 0,05.Hasil: Dari 419 nyamuk yang ditangkap. Tidak ditemukan adanya larva cacing dalam tubuh nyamuk. Hasil identifikasi nyamuk menemukan 6 spesies yaitu Anopheles letifer, Mansonia uniformis, Culex tritaeniorhyncus, Culex vishnui, Culex cressipes, and Mansonia annulifera. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan breeding places, resting places, pengetahuan, dan kebiasaan keluar pada malam hari merupakan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kecamatan Muara Pawan Kalimantan Barat.Simpulan: Faktor lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat merupakan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kecamatan Muara Pawan Kabupaten Ketapang. ABSTRACTTitle: Enviromental and Community Behaviour Factors Associated with the incidence of Lymphatic Filariasis in Muara Pawan Distrct of Ketapang Regency, West KalimantanBackground: In the year of 2015, there were 79 cases of filariasis in Ketapang Regency and in Muara Pawan District, in particular, from 32 cases who contracted microfilariae resulted in Mf rate = 2,5% while for prevalence rate (PR) = 2,18. The objectives of this research were to analyze correlation between evironmental and community behavioral factors associated with cases of filariasis as well as to identify the mosquitos which are being the potential vector of filariasis.  Methode: The research was an observational one with a case-control study. The cases and the control of this research were both using 32 respondents. The data were collcted by doing observation and interviews. The collected data were than analyzed using chi-square test. Results: From the surgery of 419 mosquitos, it was revealed that the mosquitoes contained zero filarial larvae, while for the species identification, there were six species of mosquitoes indentified, i.e Anopheles letifer, Mansonia uniformis, Culex tritaeniorhyncus, Culex vishnui, Culex cressipes, and Mansonia annulifera. The resulth of statistical analysis revealed that there were 4 variables associated with the cases of filariasis in Muara Pawan Distict of Ketapang Regency, ie. breeding places (p-value = 0,047), resting places (p-value = 0,007), knowledge (p-value = 0,045), and habit of going out at night (p-value = 0,043)Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a correlation between 4 mentioned variables with the cases of filariasis in Muara Pawan Dictrict of Ketapang Regency.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor resiko kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Eka Riana ◽  
Purnomo Suryantoro ◽  
Umu Hani Edi Nawangsih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pregnancy Spacing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Abstract :This study aims to identify risk factors asphyxia in newbornsat PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul 2014. The type of researchthat is used is the analytic survey design with Case Control Study. Totalsample of 167 cases and 167 controls. Data analysis was performedusing univariate, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate logisticregression analysis. Multivariate analysis there are four factors relatedto the type of birth asphyxia is not normal (OR = 2.304; 95% CI =1.402 to 3.787; p-value = 0.001), premature rupture of membranes(OR = 2.040; 95% CI = 1,019- 4.083; p-value = 0.044), anemia(OR = 1.426; 95% CI = 1.182 to 1.720; p-value = 0.000) and spacingof pregnancy <2 years (OR = 2.458; 95% CI = 1.060 to 5.698; pvalue = 0.036). Type of abnormal labor, premature rupture ofmembranes, anemia and pregnancy spacing <2 years is a risk factorasphyxia in newborns.Keywords: asphyxia, neonatal risk factors

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