The Effectiveness of Methanolic Extracts of Five Plants on Different Salmonella Isolates

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Salmonellosis is known to be one of important issues that affect poultry industry as well as it can affect human health. Recently, multiple challenges are facing the use of natural antibacterial compounds, such as herbal extracts to overcome the massive increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance. Different Salmonella serotypes were recovered throughout examination of diarrheic poultry. These strains showed multidrug resistance by disc diffusion methods also, the resistance genes qnrS and aac (6′)-Ib-cr were detected in S. Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium which isolated from broiler's organs and muscles. The methanolic extracts of five plants (Alhagi maurorum, Conyza dioscoridis, Coriander sativum, Caracuma longa and Cuminum cyminum) were tested for their antibacterial activity against different isolated Salmonella serotypes using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Conyza dioscoridis was the most effective extract retarding microbial growth of Salmonella Enteritidis, while other plant extracts showed variable antimicrobial activity. These results are promising in the way of replacing the antibiotic therapy with natural substances to overcome the multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Survivability of Salmonella Pathogens and Physicochemical Characteristics of Powder Goat Milk Stored under Different Storage Treatment Regimens

Dairy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
Roshan Paswan ◽  
Abhinav Mishra ◽  
Young W. Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

Survivability of Salmonella pathogens in commercial powdered goat milk (PGM) under different storage treatments was investigated using three batches of PGM products stored at two temperatures (4 °C and 25 °C) and ten storage periods (0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 days). A cocktail of three Salmonella serotypes (Salmonella agona, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella tennessee) was inoculated to the PGM samples and then survival of Salmonella counts was enumerated in the inoculated and non-inoculated control groups. Results showed that the initial Salmonella counts were 7.103 Log CFU (colony forming unit)/g at both temperatures. At the first 3 days, the viable Salmonella counts were reduced about 0.94 and 1.40 Log CFU/g at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively, where the same levels were sustained for 14 days. Further reductions continued and at the end of 180 days storage, Salmonella survivability was 1.15 Log CFU/g higher at 4 °C than at 25 °C under the same water activity condition. As the storage period advanced, viable pathogen counts were gradually decreased. The pH of samples stored at 4 °C for 0 and 4 month were higher than those stored at 25 °C except for 2 months, while no differences were found in water activity (aw) between treatments of the PGM products. With regard to physicochemical characteristics, the samples stored at 25 °C showed higher POV (peroxide value) values than those stored at 4 °C for 2 and 4 month periods, indicating that the rate of lipid oxidation in the PGM was elevated by a higher storage temperature and a longer storage period. The basic nutrient compositions of the experimental PGM were similar to those reported in recent studies. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the highest, caprylic acid (C8:0) was the second highest, and behenic acid (C22:0) was the lowest concentration among all fatty acids identified in the PGM samples. Most of the fatty acid concentrations tended to decrease with advanced storage periods. This research indicates that the survivability of Salmonella pathogens in the PGM products stored at 4 °C for 180 days was higher than those stored at 25 °C under the same aw condition.

Surveillance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL JESÚS ASTORGA MÁRQUEZ ◽  
AURORA ECHEITA SALABERRIA ◽  
ALFONSO MALDONADO GARCÍA ◽  
SILVIA VALDEZATE JIMENEZ ◽  
ALFONSO CARBONERO MARTINEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The prevalence of and the antibiotic resistance shown by Salmonella isolated from pigs in Andalusia (southern Spain) is reported. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 40 (33%) of 121 sampled herds, and a total of 65 isolates were serotyped. The most common Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Rissen (30.7% each); others included Derby (9.2%), Brandenburg (9.2%), Newport (7.7%), Bredeney (4.6%), Anatum (3.0%), Hadar (1.5%), and Goldcoast (1.5%). One strain (1.5%) belonging to the monophasic variant of the Typhimurium serotype (Salmonella 4,5,12:i:−) was also detected. Definitive phage type (DT) 104b was the most common Typhimurium phage type isolated. These Salmonella strains were resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including tetracycline (84.6%), streptomycin (69.2%), neomycin (63.0%), sulfonamides (61.5%), ampicillin (53.8%), and amoxicillin (53.8%). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Thirty-nine strains (64%) resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents were defined as multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistance profiles were observed in Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium, Rissen, Brandenburg, Bredeney, a monophasic variant, Gold-coast, Hadar, and Anatum, with serotypes Typhimurium and Brandenburg showing the most complicated resistance patterns (resistant to ≥11 drugs).

scholarly journals Persistence of contamination of hens' egg albumen in vitro with Salmonella serotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lock ◽  
R. G. Board
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYA study was made of the persistence of different Salmonella serotypes in hens' egg albumen in vitro at 4, 20 and 30 °C. The majority of serotypes remained viable but did not increase in numbers at 20 and 30 °C for 42 days. At 4 °C many of the serotypes died out.The addition of ferric ammonium citrate on the 42nd day of incubation induced multiplication of organisms incubated at 20 and 30 °C, but not at 4 °C. The pH and glucose concentration of the albumen diminished only when heavy growth occurred.Salmonella enteritidis remained viable on the air cell membrane in vitro for 17 days at 4, 20 and 30 °C. Thirty percent of the organisms also remained motile in albumen for 42 days at 25 °C and up to 5% of the cells remained motile for up to 20 days at 4 °C.

scholarly journals Biofilm Production Potential of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Chickens in North West Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439
Author(s):  
STEPHEN ABIOLA AKINOLA ◽  
MPINDA EDOAURD TSHIMPAMB ◽  
MULUNDA MWANZA ◽  
COLLINS NJIE ATEBA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
North West ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Salmonella Serotype ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Bacterial biofilms have recently gained considerable interest in the food production and medical industries due to their ability to resist destruction by disinfectants and other antimicrobials. Biofilms are extracellular polymer matrices that may enhance the survival of pathogens even when exposed to environmental stress. The effect of incubation temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C) and Salmonella serotype on biofilm-forming potentials was evaluated. Previously typed Salmonella serotypes (55) isolated from the gut of chickens were accessed for biofilms formation using a standard assay. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028TM and Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076TM (positive controls), Escherichia coli (internal control) and un-inoculated Luria Bertani (LB) broth (negative control) were used. The isolates formed no biofilm (11.86–13.56%), weak (11.86–45.76%), moderate (18.64–20.34%), strong biofilms (23.73–54.24%) across the various temperatures investigated. Serotypes, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Weltevreden were the strongest biofilm formers at temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C, respectively). The potential of a large proportion (80%) of Salmonella serotypes to form biofilms increased with increasing incubation temperatures but decreased at 40°C. Findings indicate that average temperature favours biofilm formation by Salmonella serotypes. However, the influence of incubation temperature on biofilm formation was greater when compared to serotype. A positive correlation exists between Salmonella biofilm formed at 25°C, 37°C and 40°C (p ≥ 0.01). The ability of Salmonella species to form biofilms at 25°C and 37°C suggests that these serotypes may present severe challenges to food-processing and hospital facilities.

Validation of Time and Temperature Values as Critical Limits for Salmonella and Background Flora Growth during the Production of Fresh Ground and Boneless Pork Products

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. MANN ◽  
L. SMITH ◽  
M. M. BRASHEARS
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Ground Pork ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Pork Samples ◽  
Critical Limits

To provide pork processors with valuable data to validate the critical limits set for temperature during pork fabrication and grinding, a study was conducted to determine the growth of Salmonella serotypes and background flora at various temperatures. Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis and of background flora was monitored in ground pork and boneless pork chops held at various temperatures to determine growth patterns. Case-ready modified atmosphere packaged ground pork and fresh whole pork loins were obtained locally. Boneless chops and ground pork were inoculated with a cocktail mixture of streptomycin-resistant Salmonella to facilitate recovery in the presence of background flora. Samples were held at 4.4, 7.2C, and 10°C and at room temperature (22.2 to 23.3°C) to mimic typical processing and holding temperatures observed in pork processing environments. Salmonella counts were determined at regular intervals over 12 and 72 h for both room and refrigeration temperatures. No significant growth of Salmonella (P < 0.05) was observed in boneless pork chops held at refrigeration temperatures. However, Salmonella in boneless pork chops held at room temperature had grown significantly by 8 h. Salmonella grew at faster rates in ground pork. Significant growth was observed at 6, 24, and 72 h when samples were held at room temperature, 10°C, and 7.2°C, respectively. No significant growth was observed at 4.4°C. Background flora in ground pork samples increased significantly after 10 h at room temperature and after 12 h for samples held at 10 and 7.2°C. Background flora in samples held at refrigeration temperatures did not increase until 72 h. Background flora in the boneless chops increased significantly after 6 h at room temperature and after 24 h when held at 10 and 4.4°C. These results illustrate that meat processors can utilize a variety of time and temperature combinations as critical limits to minimize Salmonella growth during production and storage of raw pork products.

scholarly journals Thrombolytic Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Desmodium paniculatum (L.) and Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aktar Sayeed ◽  
Humayun Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Mamun Ur Rashid ◽  
Md Farid Ahamad Bhuiyan ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Desmodium Paniculatum

An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effect of two herbal extracts viz., Desmodium paniculatum (L.) and Sarchochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) by using Streptokinase as positive control and water as negative control. D. paniculatum and S. pulcherrima showed 31.92 ± 8.09% and 36.12 ± 6.81% clot lysis, respectively. From our study we found that D. paniculatum and S. pulcherrima showed significant % of clot lysis effect with reference to Streptokinase (72.54 ± 6.03%). and water (3.48 ± 0.84%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22318 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 67-69, 2014

Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Natural Substances from Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 1757-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
K. Michalak ◽  
O. Wesolowska ◽  
J. Deli ◽  
P. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Natural Substances

Studies on Antibacterial Compounds from Methanolic Extracts of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits from Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Cheyma Bensaci ◽  
Zineb Ghiaba ◽  
Messaouda Dakmouche ◽  
Mokhtar Saidi ◽  
Mohamed Hadjadj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Spread of Class 1 Integrons among Salmonella Serotypes

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Guerra ◽  
Sara Soto ◽  
Santiago Cal ◽  
M. Carmen Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Spanish Region

ABSTRACT The resistance profiles, for 15 antimicrobial agents, of 333Salmonella strains representing the most frequent nontyphoidal serotypes, isolated between 1989 and 1998 in a Spanish region, and 9 reference strains were analyzed. All strains were susceptible to amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, and 31% were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. The most frequent types of resistance were to sulfadiazine, tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol (ranging from 46 to 22%); 13% were resistant to these six drugs. This multidrug resistance pattern was found alone or together with other resistance types within serotypes Typhimurium (45%), Panama (23%), and Virchow (4%). Each isolate was also screened for the presence of class 1 integrons and selected resistance genes therein; seven variable regions which carried one (aadA1a, aadA2, orpse-1) or two (dfrA14-aadA1a,dfrA1-aadA1a, oxa1-aadA1a, orsat1-aadA1a) resistance genes were found in integrons.

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