scholarly journals Virtual Reality Attraction as a Source of Harm in Tort Obligations

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Volodymyr BABIICHUK
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
Flight Simulators ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Definition Of

The article focuses on virtual reality attractions as a source of harming. Taking into consideration the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in the field of entertainment, virtual reality attractions are becoming increasingly popular. Along with exciting stories and fun special effects, virtual reality carries a lot of risks. Compensation for such damage is not regulated by the legislation of Ukraine. The author researched the historical background of entertainment in the field of virtual reality. It has been established that virtual reality dates back to the invention of the first stereoscopes in the 1830s. The second impetus in the development of virtual reality was received in the 1920s, during the invention of the first flight simulators. And in 1982, the world’s first laboratory was created to research and develop virtual reality devices. At the same time, the very term ‘virtual reality’ appeared. The features of the virtual attraction, which are inherent in it as entertainment, are highlighted. Using domestic and foreign dictionaries, the author analyzed etymological meaning by ‘virtual reality’ and ‘virtual reality attractions.’ The features of a virtual attraction, inherent in it as entertainment in the field of virtual reality, have been identified. The author examined how the virtual reality attractions affect the visitor’s mind. The article indicates the ventral and dorsal flows as systems of the brain that encode perceived visual information. The interaction of virtual reality with the human body is connected through these flows. The author identified vulnerable areas of the human body that may get harmed first by the virtual reality attraction. The article considers diseases of the central nervous system that can be provoked by virtual reality attractions that affect the visitor’s mind. The author identifies the injuries that can provoke functional diseases of the nervous system, namely neuroses, and injuries to the autonomic nervous system, such as migraine, Raynaud’s disease, Meniere’s disease.It is established that the virtual reality attractions is a source of harming. The author identified the characteristics of virtual reality attractions as a source of harming. It has been offered the definition of virtual reality attraction as sources of damage. The author summarises and highlights the most popular types of modern virtual reality attractions. The subject of liability for damage caused by the activities of the virtual attractions has been identified.

Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (34) ◽  
pp. 5790-5828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Wang ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Jing-Shan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huming Yan ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Jianbin Chao ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in Neurodegeneration and Other Pathological Processes of the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Nikolaus Homann
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Measured Response

The nervous system is the most complex organ in the human body, and it is the most essential. However nerve cells are particularly precious as, only like muscle cells, once formed, they do not replicate. This means that neural injuries cannot easily be replaced or repaired. Vitamin D seems to play a pivotal role in protecting these vulnerable and most important structures, but exactly how and to what extend is still subject to debate. Systematically reviewing the vast body of research on the influence of Vitamin D in various neuropathological processes, we found that Vitamin D particularly plays a mitigating role in the development of chronic neurodegeneration and the measured response to acutely acquired traumatic and non-traumatic nerve cells incidents. Adequate serum levels of Vitamin D before the initiation of these processes is increasingly viewed as being neuroprotective. However, comprehensive data on using it as a treatment during the ongoing process or after the injury to neurons is completed are much more ambiguous. A recommendation for testing and supplementation of insufficiencies seems to be well-founded.

Brain Failure and Brain Death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharven Taghavi ◽  
Ali Salim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Failure ◽  
Definition Of

Brain failure consists of a wide spectrum of central nervous system pathologies with many different neurologic manifestations. The causes of brain failure include several disease processes that result in decreased supply of blood and oxygen to the brain or metabolic derangements that affect the central nervous system. Brain failure usually results in some altered level of consciousness. Brain failure and brain death result in several pathophysiologic changes. The definition of brain death is controversial and evolving. However, clear guidelines to determine brain death have been established. These guidelines state that three cardinal findings be present to establish brain death: (1) coma or unresponsiveness, (2) absence of brainstem reflexes, and (3) apnea. Several clinical parameters must be met when these findings are made. Adjunctive studies such as four-vessel cerebral angiography, electroencephalography, and nuclear brain scintigraphy can help make a diagnosis of brain death. When brain death is established, suitability for organ transplantation should be evaluated. After obtaining consent, potential organ donation should be optimized for possible donation. This review contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 69 references. Key Words: brain failure, brain death, consciousness, coma, death, delirium, organ donation

scholarly journals Augmented Reality Interface for Complex Anatomy Learning in the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rahmita Wirza ◽  
Shah Nazir ◽  
Habib Ullah Khan ◽  
Iván García-Magariño ◽  
Rohul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Gesture Interaction ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The medical system is facing the transformations with augmentation in the use of medical information systems, electronic records, smart, wearable devices, and handheld. The central nervous system function is to control the activities of the mind and the human body. Modern speedy development in medical and computational growth in the field of the central nervous system enables practitioners and researchers to extract and visualize insight from these systems. The function of augmented reality is to incorporate virtual and real objects, interactively running in a real-time and real environment. The role of augmented reality in the central nervous system becomes a thought-provoking task. Gesture interaction approach-based augmented reality in the central nervous system has enormous impending for reducing the care cost, quality refining of care, and waste and error reducing. To make this process smooth, it would be effective to present a comprehensive study report of the available state-of-the-art-work for enabling doctors and practitioners to easily use it in the decision making process. This comprehensive study will finally summarise the outputs of the published materials associate to gesture interaction-based augmented reality approach in the central nervous system. This research uses the protocol of systematic literature which systematically collects, analyses, and derives facts from the collected papers. The data collected range from the published materials for 10 years. 78 papers were selected and included papers based on the predefined inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria. The study supports to identify the studies related to augmented reality in the nervous system, application of augmented reality in the nervous system, technique of augmented reality in the nervous system, and the gesture interaction approaches in the nervous system. The derivations from the studies show that there is certain amount of rise-up in yearly wise articles, and numerous studies exist, related to augmented reality and gestures interaction approaches to different systems of the human body, specifically to the nervous system. This research organises and summarises the existing associated work, which is in the form of published materials, and are related to augmented reality. This research will help the practitioners and researchers to sight most of the existing studies subjected to augmented reality-based gestures interaction approaches for the nervous system and then can eventually be followed as support in future for complex anatomy learning.

scholarly journals Age-specific involutive characteristics of cognitive functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Simerzin VV ◽  
Fatenkov OV ◽  
Panisheva YaA ◽  
Galkina MA ◽  
Gagloev AV
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The review article reflects the specific features of involutive cognitive functions in elderly people. Furthermore the basis of these changes is the natural physiological process of morphofunctional remodeling of the human body in general and of the central nervous system in particular. As a result, the elderly and senium people have cognitive decline, and in the presence of provoking medical and social factors and comorbid diseases they may have transient cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Impact of Signal Energy from Vedic Chanting on Human Neurological System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Signal Energy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neurological System

The human neurological system has an effective impact by meditation, mantra therapy, music therapy, Raga therapy and Vedic chanting. To detect this effect on Human Neurological system, it is necessary to analyse the signal energy from the appropriate sources which are generating audible frequencies. By these generated frequencies, the Central Nervous System of brain will be relaxed. This process follows, Calculation of Special acoustic signals originated from Vedic Chanting, classification of these signals with respect to the levels of amplitude and frequency, analysing the impact of these signal energies on the neurotransmission. It also focuses and involves limbic and para-limbic regions of neuro-transmission. This paper presents impact of vedic chanting signal positive vibrations on human body brain and nervous System

Brain Failure and Brain Death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharven Taghavi ◽  
Ali Salim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Failure ◽  
Definition Of

Brain failure consists of a wide spectrum of central nervous system pathologies with many different neurologic manifestations. The causes of brain failure include several disease processes that result in decreased supply of blood and oxygen to the brain or metabolic derangements that affect the central nervous system. Brain failure usually results in some altered level of consciousness. Brain failure and brain death result in several pathophysiologic changes. The definition of brain death is controversial and evolving. However, clear guidelines to determine brain death have been established. These guidelines state that three cardinal findings be present to establish brain death: (1) coma or unresponsiveness, (2) absence of brainstem reflexes, and (3) apnea. Several clinical parameters must be met when these findings are made. Adjunctive studies such as four-vessel cerebral angiography, electroencephalography, and nuclear brain scintigraphy can help make a diagnosis of brain death. When brain death is established, suitability for organ transplantation should be evaluated. After obtaining consent, potential organ donation should be optimized for possible donation. This review contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 69 references. Key Words: brain failure, brain death, consciousness, coma, death, delirium, organ donation

The Present Visual Equipment System and Its Application in fMRI

2016 ◽  
pp. 249-266
Author(s):  
Jiayue Guo ◽  
Yang Feng ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Jinglong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Photo Response ◽  
Must Experiment ◽  
Equipment System

The visual system is the part of the central nervous system that gives organisms the ability to process visual details and enables the formation of several non-image photo response functions. It detects and explains information from visible by the light to build a representation of the surrounding environment. One reason why the visual system is so important is that it enables us to perceive information at a distance. We need not be in immediate contact with a stimulus to process it. We must experiment with visual equipment to understand how we process visual information. This article summarizes current visual system equipment and how this equipment can be used to determine how the visual system functions.

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