scholarly journals Design of hand-wash equipment prevention Covid-19 use solar energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-161
Keyword(s):  
Position Sensor ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Mini Pump

SARSCOV-2 virus and new strains have been spreading in most countries and regions around the world, the COVID-19 epidemic it causes has infected millions of people, the urgent need is to prevent their spread. On the market, there are many types of hand wash equipment automatically spray disinfectant solution used with many different sensors and operating principles, but most are still using AC power. In this topic, we design automatic hand-wash equipment by applying the transmitter and receiver principle of the moving infrared sensor circuit and delay relay circuit to detect someone appearing in the observation area, click activating the MP3 reader circuit plays the 5D (5D-Dodge - Disinfection - Distance – Dismeeting - Declare) propaganda sound about Covid -19 disease prevention and the position sensor activates the mini-pump to spray the hand-washing gel within a certain detecting distance. We have conducted experiments and completed our projects with devices that use energy from solar cells, through charging circuits and storage batteries to use renewable energy, minimizing the impact of the greenhouse effect.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

scholarly journals Overall Efficiency of On-Site Production and Storage of Solar Thermal Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Teodora M. Șoimoșan ◽  
Ligia M. Moga ◽  
Livia Anastasiu ◽  
Daniela L. Manea ◽  
Aurica Căzilă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Harnessing renewable energy sources (RES) using hybrid systems for buildings is almost a deontological obligation for engineers and researchers in the energy field, and increasing the percentage of renewables within the energy mix represents an important target. In crowded urban areas, on-site energy production and storage from renewables can be a real challenge from a technical point of view. The main objectives of this paper are quantification of the impact of the consumer’s profile on overall energy efficiency for on-site storage and final use of solar thermal energy, as well as developing a multicriteria assessment in order to provide a methodology for selection in prioritizing investments. Buildings with various consumption profiles lead to achieving different values of performance indicators in similar configurations of storage and energy supply. In this regard, an analysis of the consumption profile’s impact on overall energy efficiency, achieved in the case of on-site generation and storage of solar thermal energy, was performed. The obtained results validate the following conclusion: On-site integration of solar systems allowed the consumers to use RES at the desired coverage rates, while restricted by on-site available mounting areas for solar fields and thermal storage, under conditions of high energy efficiencies. In order to segregate the results and support optimal selection, a multicriteria analysis was carried out, having as the main criteria the energy efficiency indicators achieved by hybrid heating systems.

scholarly journals Randomized Binomial Tree and Pricing of American-Style Options

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Xiaoping ◽  
Cao Jie
Keyword(s):  
American Option ◽  
Option Prices ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Binomial Tree ◽  
No Arbitrage ◽  
Complete Market ◽  
Cubic Polynomial ◽  
American Style ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Randomized binomial tree and methods for pricing American options were studied. Firstly, both the completeness and the no-arbitrage conditions in the randomized binomial tree market were proved. Secondly, the description of the node was given, and the cubic polynomial relationship between the number of nodes and the time steps was also obtained. Then, the characteristics of paths and storage structure of the randomized binomial tree were depicted. Then, the procedure and method for pricing American-style options were given in a random binomial tree market. Finally, a numerical example pricing the American option was illustrated, and the sensitivity analysis of parameter was carried out. The results show that the impact of the occurrence probability of the random binomial tree environment on American option prices is very significant. With the traditional complete market characteristics of random binary and a stronger ability to describe, at the same time, maintaining a computational feasibility, randomized binomial tree is a kind of promising method for pricing financial derivatives.

scholarly journals Influence of the Anthocyanin and Cofactor Structure on the Formation Efficiency of Naturally Derived Pyranoanthocyanins

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6708
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Miyagusuku-Cruzado ◽  
Danielle M. Voss ◽  
M. Monica Giusti
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
H 20

Pyranoanthocyanins are anthocyanin-derived pigments with higher stability to pH and storage. However, their slow formation and scarcity in nature hinder their industrial application. Pyranoanthocyanin formation can be accelerated by selecting anthocyanin substitutions, cofactor concentrations, and temperature. Limited information is available on the impacts of the chemical structure of the cofactor and anthocyanin; therefore, we evaluated their impacts on pyranoanthocyanin formation efficiency under conditions reported as favorable for the reaction. Different cofactors were evaluated including pyruvic acid, acetone, and hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acid) by incubating them with anthocyanins in a molar ratio of 1:30 (anthocyanin:cofactor), pH 3.1, and 45 °C. The impact of the anthocyanin aglycone was evaluated by incubating delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, or malvidin derivatives with the most efficient cofactor (caffeic acid) under identical conditions. Pigments were identified using UHPLC-PDA and tandem mass spectrometry, and pyranoanthocyanin formation was monitored for up to 72 h. Pyranoanthocyanin yields were the highest with caffeic acid (~17% at 72 h, p < 0.05). When comparing anthocyanins, malvidin-3-O-glycosides yielded twice as many pyranoanthocyanins after 24 h (~20%, p < 0.01) as cyanidin-3-O-glycosides. Petunidin- and delphinidin-3-O-glycosides yielded <2% pyranoanthocyanins. This study demonstrated the importance of anthocyanin and cofactor selection in pyranoanthocyanin production.

Bacteriology and Storage Life of Moisture-Enhanced Pork

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIE M. BOHAYCHUK ◽  
G. GORDON GREER
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Brine Injection

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of the moisture enhancement process on the bacterial contamination and storage life of vacuum-packaged pork loins. Bone-in and boneless pork loins injected with brine (sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, lemon juice) were obtained from a commercial processing facility and stored for 5 weeks in vacuum packaging at 2 and 5°C. At weekly intervals, samples were excised to determine numbers of spoilage bacteria and pathogens. The loins were subjectively evaluated by a sensory panel to quantify appearance and odor acceptability. Moisture-enhanced loins were initially contaminated with a population of psychrotrophic bacteria that was approximately 2 log units higher than that for noninjected boneless loins. This difference was largely due to contamination by larger numbers of pseudomonads in the brine-injected loins. There were no significant differences in the initial numbers of lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, or Brochothrix thermosphacta. Similar trends in spoilage bacterial populations were observed for moisture-enhanced loins with bones, but Enterobacteriaceae counts were also found to be approximately 1 log unit higher for the injected product. Brine-injected loins generally had larger bacterial numbers at each storage time, but there were no consistent injection treatment effects on bacterial growth. Brine injection did not affect color or odor deterioration, and the storage life for vacuum-packaged loins was the same as that for noninjected controls. The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes was 21% for control loins and 27% for moisture-enhanced loins. Although the brine injection process resulted in an increase in bacterial contamination, there was no evidence that this contamination would affect the storage life of vacuum-packaged loins, and further research is necessary to determine the significance of the increased incidence of L. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Impact of grazing intensity on seasonal variations in soil organic carbon and soil CO 2 efflux in two semiarid grasslands in southern Botswana

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1606) ◽  
pp. 3076-3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Semiarid Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important source of organic carbon, and affect a range of ecosystem functions in arid and semiarid environments. Yet the impact of grazing disturbance on crust properties and soil CO 2 efflux remain poorly studied, particularly in African ecosystems. The effects of burial under wind-blown sand, disaggregation and removal of BSCs on seasonal variations in soil CO 2 efflux, soil organic carbon, chlorophyll a and scytonemin were investigated at two sites in the Kalahari of southern Botswana. Field experiments were employed to isolate CO 2 efflux originating from BSCs in order to estimate the C exchange within the crust. Organic carbon was not evenly distributed through the soil profile but concentrated in the BSC. Soil CO 2 efflux was higher in Kalahari Sand than in calcrete soils, but rates varied significantly with seasonal changes in moisture and temperature. BSCs at both sites were a small net sink of C to the soil. Soil CO 2 efflux was significantly higher in sand soils where the BSC was removed, and on calcrete where the BSC was buried under sand. The BSC removal and burial under sand also significantly reduced chlorophyll a , organic carbon and scytonemin . Disaggregation of the soil crust, however, led to increases in chlorophyll a and organic carbon. The data confirm the importance of BSCs for C cycling in drylands and indicate intensive grazing, which destroys BSCs through trampling and burial, will adversely affect C sequestration and storage. Managed grazing, where soil surfaces are only lightly disturbed, would help maintain a positive carbon balance in African drylands.

scholarly journals Potentially Synbiotic Grape Juice: What is the Impact of The Addition of Lacticaseibacillus casei and Prebiotic Components?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10703-10715
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the addition of oligofructose or polydextrose (2 g/100 g) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (2 g/L) on the quality parameters of grape juices during storage (7 oC/28 days in polyethylene terephthalate flasks). The addition of probiotics or prebiotics did not alter the physicochemical characteristics, texture properties, and storage stability of the grape juices; however, they changed the color and/or turbidity. Oligofructose and polydextrose did not show a protective effect on the probiotic, but the products showed probiotic viability higher than 106 CFU/mL. The grape juice with oligofructose had similar acceptance to the control juice. The addition of polydextrose or reduced probiotic acceptance in most of the evaluated attributes. All grape juices presented scores higher than 6 on a 9-point hedonic scale and an acceptability index higher than 70%. It is possible to produce potentially synbiotic grape juices with suitable quality parameters, probiotic survival, and sensory acceptance.

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