Forensic diagnostics: Concept, meaning, and scope of implementation

Author(s):  
Volodymyr A. Zhuravel

The current stage of development of forensics is described by an active search for the latest cognitive methods and tools, which fully include forensic diagnostics. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the need to form a modern terminology of the forensic science, further development of the scientific concept of forensic diagnostics, and prospects for creating an appropriate forensic teaching. The purpose of the study is to analyse modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of forensic diagnostics, its features, structure, integrative functions, and differences from other paired forensic categories. To achieve this goal, such general scientific and special research methods as dialectical, historical, Aristotelian, system-structural, sociological, statistical, the method of legal forecasting and modelling, system and semantic analysis were used. It is proved that the term «forensic diagnostics» should be considered in practical and theoretical terms. In practical terms, forensic diagnostics is a method of recognising the state of objects, cognition of phenomena and processes related to the circumstances of the crime event, determined by the latter. This is a kind of tool at the disposal of an expert, investigator, detective, judge to know the object (event, phenomenon) by its reflection. In the theoretical sense, forensic diagnostics is considered as a separate forensic teaching, which constitutes a system of theoretical provisions on the regularities of recognising objects (situations) by their features and properties, based on the analysis of changes that occurred in them under the influence of the circumstances of the crime event and its participants, in order to carry out evidence in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the theoretical basis of forensic diagnostics comprises information on the patterns of occurrence of diagnosed objects, data on typical models of event reflection (action, behaviour). It is noted that forensic diagnostics as a separate forensic teaching (theory) is at the stage of its development, constantly increasing its scientific potential and expanding the scope of practical implementation. Further development of the theory and practice of diagnostic research involves systematisation and classification of diagnostic features and sets of features of objects, events, phenomena in accordance with the solution of diagnostic problems, classification of typical situations, development of methods and techniques of diagnostic research

Author(s):  
Vladimir Gurin ◽  
Elena Obletsova

The subject of this research is the proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie” in the English language. The relevance of their studying is substantiated by the need in theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of these phraseological units in aspect of the problem of interrelation between cultural and language, which contributes to more profound understanding of national mentality reflected in the English linguistic worldview. The article explores and analyzes the phenomena of proverbs and sayings, determines their common and differentiating traits. Using the method of semantic analysis, the author develops the classification of proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie”, as well as describes theory structure. As a result of the conducted research, the author determined 31 proverbs and sayings. They reveal the multifaceted nature of human existence, elucidate the perception of truth and lie in the English-language world. Truth and lie are associated with the means of achieving something. At the same time, truth does not always has a positive connotation, but serve as a tool for causing harm to others. Lie is the reason of negative, undesired events.


Author(s):  
Tetyana Mikhailova

Purpose of Article. Analyze the differences in the socio-practical use of the terms "identica", "visual identity", "verbal identity", "nonverbal identity", "corporate identity" and classify the term "identica", as scientific a definition of a complex system-conceptual model of identification. Methodology. Methods of observation, comparison and generalization were used to solve the tasks at the empirical and theoretical level. The analysis of identity of foreign and domestic design projects was carried out. For the conceptual classification of the term "identica" as a scientific definition, methods of systematic analysis of visual, linguistic and practical integration of accompanying terms were used. Scientific Novelty. The study analyzes the common and different characteristics of the socio-practical use of the terms "identica", "visual identity", "verbal identity", "non-verbal identity", and "corporate style". Based on the analysis of these terms, it was first proposed to consider "identica" as a scientific definition of a complex system-conceptual model of identification in the architecture of design. The proposed ideas and conclusions can be used in theory and practice of development and implementation of advertising campaigns, correction or creation of design strategies. Classification of the term "identica" as a scientific definition is an important step in the development and integration of interdisciplinary research in such areas as management, marketing, design, culturology, art history and others. Conclusions. The new communication system in advertising and design requires in-depth study, definition, and scientific substantiation of many terms, including the meaning of the term "identica" and its consideration as a scientific concept. The study analyzes the differences between the socio–practical use of the terms "visual identity", "verbal identity", "non–verbal identity" and "corporate identity", identified their common and different characteristics. Based on the analysis of these terms, "identica" is considered as a definition of a complex system–conceptual model of identification through sensory analyzers of the consumer of visual, verbal, and non–verbal information.


Author(s):  
Olga S. Lobanova ◽  
Tatiana S. Makarova ◽  
Tamara A. Glazyrina

The article is an attempt to reconsider the theoretical postulates related to multimedia in museum business through the prism of the exhibition experiences gained by the Ural Regional Institute of Museum Projects. The main issues raised in the article are the classification of digital technologies, their interaction with other elements of the exposition, the potential of using IT-technologies in museum space. The staff of the Institute review their mistakes made in project work, combining theory and practice. The most serious shortcomings in the creation of exhibitions with multimedia technologies are considered to be visual disharmony against the general design of the museum space, lack of multimedia technology unity and disengagement of digital technologies from the scientific concept. Consideration is also given to the current state of museum business in the current context of overall digitalization.


Author(s):  
Сафият Крымовна Кубашичева ◽  
Асият Асланбечевна Хатхе

Рассматриваются актуальные структурные модели словообразования и экстралингвистические факторы развития лексической системы английского языка. Использование структурно-семантического анализа позволяет выделить группу новых терминов экономической и финансовой сферы; посредством лингвистического анализа определяются неологизмы, образованные продуктивными способами словосложения. Словообразовательный анализ демонстрирует прагматический аспект новообразований, которые содержат дополнительные стилистические коннотации. Полученные данные способствуют достижению более высокого уровня ментальной адекватности перевода специальных текстов и актуализируют дальнейшие разработки переводческих концепций. Теоретическая значимость и практическая ценность работы заключается в осмыслении общетеоретических представлений и дефиниций, систематизации знаний о структурно-семантических особенностях новой терминологической лексики, а также в возможности использовать результаты исследования английского словообразовательного потенциала на курсах лекций по лексикологии, теории и практике перевода. This work explores current structural models of word formation and extralinguistic factors of the development of the Lexical System of the English language. The use of structural and semantic analysis makes it possible to identify a group of new economic and financial terms; through linguistic analysis, neologisms formed by productive ways of making words are defined. Word-forming analysis demonstrates the pragmatic aspect of neologisms that contain additional stylistic connotations. The findings contribute to a higher level of mental adequacy of translation of special texts and update further development of translation concepts. The theoretical significance and practical value of the work lies in the comprehension of general theoretical ideas and definitions, the systematic knowledge of the structural and semantic features of the new terminological vocabulary, as well as the ability to use the results of the study of English word-forming potential in courses in lexicology, theory and practice of translation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Огнева ◽  
Svetlana Ogneva ◽  
Светлана Ништ ◽  
Svetlana Nisht

The article is devoted to the theory and practice of state regulation in the sphere of tourism. The article considers the concept of state regulation, main tasks, functions, and objectives; the main elements of the system of state regulation. Confirmed are the need to change the forms and methods of state regulation in a market economy while maintaining the significant role of the state. The classification of measures of state regulation is proposed. The authors describe characteristic instruments of state regulation applied in accordance with Russian law, in relation to the tourism industry, the peculiarities of application of measures of state regulation of tourism at the regional level and the possibility of transferring some of them to the federal level, and the fixing of these legislative measures. Such measures may include the creation of material safety of organizations of the tourism industry, the classification by security category. It is proposed to form a national system for the protection of tourists aimed at increasing the responsibility of all executive authorities involved in this process. Special attention is paid to interaction of executive authorities and business on the basis of state-private partnership and regulation, in order to reduce administrative burden on tourism and hotel activities. Proposals are made on the transfer of authority to carry out the classification of the objects of the tourism industry bodies self-regulation of business in order to reduce public costs for the implementation of this activity and accountability of hotel organizations for the quality of services provided. Identified are measures to improve the quality of regulation: assessment of alternative ways of achieving this goal (to overcome the flaw of the market) at the stage of development of the draft of regulatory solutions; procedural restrictions on the adoption of measures required for implementation by business entities; providing public procedures of regulatory decision-making.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-678
Author(s):  
Qiucen Liu ◽  

The article describes the current stage of development of the People’s Republic of China, which is distinguished by the specifics used by the author. Legislative activity in the PRC as a special procedure reflecting the will of the ruling class and supporting the coercive one. The concept of “law” today includes the activities in China of central and local authorities, individual administrative bodies for the adoption of bodies, decrees, administrative acts. According to the PRC Constitution, the National People’s Congress (NPC) and its permanent body, the NPC Standing Committee, are the legislative branch. Within the autonomous administrative territories of the PRC, its legislative power, determined by the Constitution of the PRC, operates. The author turns to the history of Chinese legislation, dwelling separately on the features of autonomous territories and special administrative systems. In the conclusion of the study, three problems emerge from the theory and practice of the PRC legislation: clarification of the guidelines; determination of rights and obligations in the field of legislation; unification of the legislative process. Discussion regarding principles does not currently cross the threshold of science, proposals for practical implementation can be implemented in the future. There are no rights and obligations in the field of legislation, and the problem of risky confusion arises from the two-tier system of legislative bodies and how they are delegated. Finally, the unification of the legislative process is also important, which consists of revising old acts and adopting new achievements of the goal of the current social and technological demands of the state and society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Rustem Khuziashev ◽  
Igor Kuzmin ◽  
Iluza Irkagalieva

Problems of practical implementation of traveling wave fault location caused by the registration of signals of different nature are considered. Analysis of the experimentally recorded traveling waves made it possible to divide them into 4 groups caused by partial discharges, lightning overvoltages, scheduled switching and fault commutations. The network dispatchers only needs the fault commutation information. Traveling waves recorded near the place of their origin have different meanings of diagnostic signs. The magnitude of the pre-alarm noise, the number of pulses in the signal and the duration of the signal are used as diagnostic indicators. These three diagnostic signs allow one to recognize each of the 4 causes of the travelling waves.


Author(s):  
O. A. TOLPEGINA

The purpose of the study is determined by the need for further development and improvement of methodology of economic diagnostics. The study of theoretical issues and practical implementation of diagnostic studies and crisis management showed that the methodological basis of economic diagnostics needs work and updating, can extend practical approaches to research. Research complement and deepen the complex scientific and theoretical developments in the methodology of economic substantiation of diagnosis. The author presents a methodological approach to the classification of types of diagnostic studies on various grounds. The main emphasis in the developed classification of types is made on a thorough and complete rationale for each attribute, put with the basis of the classification of economic diagnostics, and describe the direction of the diagnostic study.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
P. S. Serenkov ◽  
V. M. Romanchak ◽  
I. E. Pesliak

The industrial revolution of “Industry 4.0” is currently underway at an active pace. Individualization of provided products and services, transition to single production, the issues of acceptability of production processes at the stage of development and design have became urgent. The aim of this work was to develop a strategy for a fundamental solution to the task of guaranteed acceptability of production processes as an integral quality characteristic.We have proposed a systematic approach to strategy development. The basis of the approach was the theory of incorrect tasks solving. We adapted signs of correctness of mathematical tasks by J. Adamar to the tasks of ensuring acceptability of production processes (technological and measurement). They were used in the part of identification of properties of display of incorrectness and ways of incorrectnessʼ management.We have proposed to consider the property of robustness as a generalized index of acceptability for production processes (technological and measurement). We substantiate the equivalence of the concepts of incorrectness of tasks according to J. Adamar and losses of robustness of production processes. We conclude that the developed approaches and techniques of the theory of incorrect tasks can be put in a basis of the system approach to an estimation and management of losses of robustness of production processes. We have  proposed  a  classification  of  situations  of  robustness  losses  in  production  processes in accordance with the classification of the signs of incorrect tasks by J. Adamar.We have developed a two-step algorithm for ensuring the robustness of production processes at the stage of their development. It included identification of the sources of robustness losses and management of input factors that cause significant variation in process output. This has given a practical implementation of a strategy to guarantee the acceptability of production processes. We have systematized the sources of potential losses in  the  robustness  of  production  processes  and  proposed  a  two-stage  mechanism for managing them. We have justified rational methods of ensuring the robustness of production processes for each stage based on, the practice of uncorrected tasks solving. We have proposed a method for ensuring high efficiency  of  robustness  loss  management  in  certain  situations.  The  principles of G. Taguchiʼs robust redesigning of production processes formed the basis of our method.


Author(s):  
Vitaliy Elyotnov ◽  

The article examines the key provisions of traditional and developing branches of forensic technology as a branch of the forensic science. The article analyzes modern publications of domestic and foreign scientists dedicated to the problems of forensic technology. Discussion issues and gaps existing in the theory and practice of such branches of forensic technology as forensic photography and video recording, forensic phonoscopy, forensic traceology, forensic weapons science, forensic documentation, forensic research of substances, materials and products, forensic registration, etc. The opinions of individual forensic scientists on the resolution of controversial issues of forensic technology are given. The scientific directions that have not received at present recognition of independent branches of forensic technology are indicated. The promising areas of research in the framework of the branches of forensic technology are named, the main trends of its further development are formulated.


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