scholarly journals Productivity of word-forming models as a phenomenon of mobility of English language space

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Сафият Крымовна Кубашичева ◽  
Асият Асланбечевна Хатхе
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Forming Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Systematic Knowledge

Рассматриваются актуальные структурные модели словообразования и экстралингвистические факторы развития лексической системы английского языка. Использование структурно-семантического анализа позволяет выделить группу новых терминов экономической и финансовой сферы; посредством лингвистического анализа определяются неологизмы, образованные продуктивными способами словосложения. Словообразовательный анализ демонстрирует прагматический аспект новообразований, которые содержат дополнительные стилистические коннотации. Полученные данные способствуют достижению более высокого уровня ментальной адекватности перевода специальных текстов и актуализируют дальнейшие разработки переводческих концепций. Теоретическая значимость и практическая ценность работы заключается в осмыслении общетеоретических представлений и дефиниций, систематизации знаний о структурно-семантических особенностях новой терминологической лексики, а также в возможности использовать результаты исследования английского словообразовательного потенциала на курсах лекций по лексикологии, теории и практике перевода. This work explores current structural models of word formation and extralinguistic factors of the development of the Lexical System of the English language. The use of structural and semantic analysis makes it possible to identify a group of new economic and financial terms; through linguistic analysis, neologisms formed by productive ways of making words are defined. Word-forming analysis demonstrates the pragmatic aspect of neologisms that contain additional stylistic connotations. The findings contribute to a higher level of mental adequacy of translation of special texts and update further development of translation concepts. The theoretical significance and practical value of the work lies in the comprehension of general theoretical ideas and definitions, the systematic knowledge of the structural and semantic features of the new terminological vocabulary, as well as the ability to use the results of the study of English word-forming potential in courses in lexicology, theory and practice of translation.

Structural and semantic models of oil industry terminology truncation (based on the English language)

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
And Function

The subject of this study is the structural and semantic organization of oil sphere abbreviations. The process of abbreviation is considered in accordance with the principle of language economy in the rapidly growing industry vocabulary in response to the development of the oil and gas industry that indicates the relevance of the work. The aim is to study abbreviations’ formation specifics in the language for special purposes. The aim requires the following tasks to be solved: identification of patterns of abbreviations’ formation within the industry vocabulary and their classification by structural and semantic features. The terminological sample for the article is compiled by the method of continuous viewing of modern periodicals, highly specialized literature and corporate glossaries. The presented structural and semantic models of abbreviations, revealed on the basis of the sample analysis, determine the novelty of the study. The methods of this work include observation, description, structural and semantic analysis, quantitative processing of material as an element of statistical analysis of data processing. It is shown that abbreviations in the sublanguage are the basis for word-formation processes, they facilitate professional communication in the light of multicomponent terms dominance and function as full-fledged units of the industry term system. The conclusion is made regarding the place of abbreviations within the oil sphere terminology. As a result of the study, a glossary of English-language abbreviations of industry terminology was compiled, which is of interest to novice translators.

scholarly journals SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF COGNATE WORD COMBINATIONS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-71
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Root Word ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Speech Situation

This article describes the derivational potential of root word combinations belonging to the noun, adjective and verb groups in the English and Uzbek languages and their grammatical functional features on the basis of comparative-typological, comparative and distributive methods at the lexical and syntactic levels of the language. Structural models of derivation of verbs, nouns and adjectives in the English and Uzbek languages and their features are considered based on component analysis, as well as morphological factors that ensure the completeness of derivation, their distinctive and similar features in both languages, the role and importance in the formation of verbal compounds is analyzed in detail. The article also identifies the factors that ensure the transposition of root verbs, nouns and adjectives in English and Uzbek, and describes their structural-functional and contextual-semantic analysis at the required level. Until today’s period of development of linguistics, many problematic processes related to the language system have been studied and researched. This situation can be observed both in the context of world linguistics and in the context of Uzbek linguistics. Linguistics, like all sciences, is constantly evolving. Due to this, it is natural that there are still problematic processes in this sphere today. The fact that the phenomenon of derivation less researched in the context of root words can be related to such problems, because in both English and Uzbek linguistics the problem of derivation of root words is not studied at the required level. Any new word that exists in a language takes its initial form from speech, and thus the speech dependence of the word formed ends, because the next life of a derived word goes on in a language. That is, the derived word takes its place in the paradigm of its own analogical forms after being tested in social speech activity for a certain period of time. Only derivatives that have fully passed such tests will receive the status of a language unit and, like their other paradigms, will begin to function as a means of enriching the language with new constructions. It is well known that the derivational sequence of linguistic units cannot be fully understood only on the basis of grammatical research, because word formation in its extralinguistic basis is a product of speech activity. Since related words are considered not as a finished product of the language, but as a product of speech, since they are artificial words, in speech they are activated only in the form in which they are adapted for communication. In some places, depending on the need for speech, we can also observe cases where two or more related words are involved in the process of communication or in context. In this article, the works of English and Uzbek writers are selected as a source, as well as the degree of influence of the speech situation of both languages on the choice of words is studied and scientifically substantiated on the examples taken for analysis. As a result of syntactic-semantic analysis of root word combinations in the English language, on the basis of a detailed analysis, it was shown that root words can be combined with other words in speech, forming various models.

scholarly journals Lexical and semantic features of the names of herbaceous plants in dialects of the Khanty language

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Fedosia M. Lelkhova
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
The People ◽  
Plant Names

Introduction. The vocabulary of the plant world of the Khanty language contains a significant amount of information, closely connected with ethno-mentality, ethnography and thinking of the people. In this regard, the study of vegetation seems to be one of the most interesting layers of the vocabulary, since it reflects the degree of practical and cultural development of the surrounding nature. The purpose of the article is to establish the lexical and semantic features of the nominations of wild-growing herbs, the definition of dialectal features. The aim of the research is to identify the nominations of herbs with the greatest possible completeness, to establish the lexical meaning of each name in dialects of the language. The relevance of the topic is determined by the research interest to the study of differences between the dialects in the theoretical and practical terms; the attention recently been paid to folk spiritual and material culture; and the loss of certain plant names in the modern Khanty language. Materials and Methods. The study uses a set of methods and techniques for analyzing linguistic material: the method of semantic classification, lexical-semantic analysis, word-formation, linguistic-geographical analysis, as well as the elements of etymological analysis. The description is the main method for studying names of the plants. The source of the material is based on the vocabulary of the Khanty language, which was collected during field work; the source of Eastern dialects was the materials contained in lexicographic publications. When collecting the lexical material, the observation was conducted mainly on the speech of representatives of the older generation, as well as the people who have a traditional way of life, who retain the patterns of active spoken language. At the same time, not only facts that are in the active vocabulary of speakers were recorded, but also the words related to the passive vocabulary, which native speakers use only in conversations and sharing the memories of the past. Results and Discussion. The study of dialectal material based on the names of plants in the Khanty language is of great research interest. The life of the Khanty people since ancient times is closely connected with nature, the vocabulary of the plant world covers almost all spheres of economic activity of the Khanty, thereby making up a significant part of their vocabulary. In Khanty linguistics, this vocabulary has not yet been the subject of a special and detailed study, which makes it an urgent research task for today. The article identifies the signs that underlie the motivation of plant names and highlights the borrowed words. Conclusion. The collected vocabulary tells about the richness and vastness of phytonymic vocabulary of the Khanty language. The authors collected about 50 Khanty names of wild herbaceous plants in the Northern and Eastern dialects of the Khanty language. As a result of the research, new lexemes were identified and described, and the interpretation of the semantics of lexemes was clarified. Late borrowings of Russian origin are recorded. It was found that some dialect words are not actively used in the modern Khanty language. In flora vocabulary, the diversity and multiplicity of the nomination principles was revealed.

Repetitions which are not repetitions: the non-redundant nature of tautological compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÉKA BENCZES
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Right

In English morphological literature, the term ‘tautological compound’ has been typically used to refer to two distinct – but closely related – phenomena: (1) compounds composed of a hyponym and a superordinate term (such as oak tree); and/or (2) compounds based upon two synonymous units (such as subject matter). Such combinations are one of the quirkiest – and least researched – phenomena of English compounding. Their oddity can be attributed to two main factors. First, as their name, ‘tautological compound’ implies, at face value such combinations can be considered as prime examples of the redundancy of language. Second, they do not follow normal compound-forming rules in the sense that both constituents can function as the semantic head (as opposed to ‘normal’ English compounds, which follow the Right-Hand Head Rule).Perhaps it is the quirkiness of tautological compounds that accounts for the fact that not much has been said about them in traditional accounts of compounding, which typically relegate them to a marginal area of the English language. However, there is more to tautological compounds than meets the eye. What the present study wishes to demonstrate is that the term ‘tautological compound’ is a misnomer, as such combinations are far from being tautological or redundant in their meaning. Accordingly, the article first clarifies the notion of tautological compound, and then aims to give an account of the various roles that such combinations play in language, thereby demonstrating their non-tautological and non-redundant nature – in order to assign this much-neglected category to its proper, well-deserved place within English word formation.

Analysis of Structural and Semantic Characteristics of Agricultural Terms in the Translation Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sydoruk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Flexible Part ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
Technical Terms

Abstract. The article summarizes the theoretical experience of studying the structural and semantic characteristics of scientific and technical terms and agricultural terms in particular. It has substantiated the fact that the agrarian sphere is experiencing a rapid emergence of terms-innovations that are quickly passing all stages of structural-semantic assimilation. A significant percentage of terms are formed as a result of rethinking their previous meanings, which leads to the emergence of so-called semantic terms. Analysis of structural and semantic features of agricultural terms showed that their formation occurs through derivation, terminologization of common vocabulary and assimilation of borrowings. The paper also analyzes examples of the functioning of English-language multicomponent clusters and the peculiarities of their translation. The purpose of research is to clarify the structural and semantic features of agricultural terminology, to identify and describe the processes of formation of one- and multi-component agricultural terms, to determine the main word-forming types of agricultural terminology. Results of research. Agrarian terminology, which is a set of words and stable phrases corresponding to the concepts functioning in this area (objects, phenomena and actions), is a mobile and flexible part of common vocabulary, and therefore requires systematization. The main carriers of these concepts are nouns, a certain number of verbs and adjectives which most serve as definitions in multicomponent clusters and are not independent. Word-forming means are mainly Latin-Greek morphemes, word stems and phrases. Depending on the participation of language in term formation, the terms of the agricultural sector are divided into three types: simple terms or word-terms; complex terms; terms-phrases or multicomponent clusters Agrarian terminology uses such ways of word formation as lexical-semantic, lexical-syntactic, morphological, abbreviation, and morphological-syntactic. Many commonly used lexical items acquire meanings inherent in the agricultural sector, becoming terms with a narrower meaning. Modern scientific literature on agricultural topics contains terms that have two or more meanings in this area, the clarification of which is only disclosed by the context. In translation, such ambiguity causes blurring of meaning, vagueness, substitution of terms and ultimately distortion of the content as a whole. It is important to consider the lexical and grammatical environment of the term. Due to the context, the following translation issues can be addressed: a) the word is used in its common or special narrow meaning; b) the choice of one of several meanings of a polysemous term in a particular context. From agrarian vocabulary, terminological units move into colloquial language, sometimes becoming jargons or terminoids that function in limited areas of engineering and technology, forming a layer of stylized new scientific and technical terms. Professional slang is usually short, expressive and to some extent stylistically colored. The most successful of them are fixed in the terminology system over time and receive official recognition in a certain subject area, being fixed in dictionaries, and some pass to other areas and into the common language. Specifics of functioning the terminological combinations require appropriate methods of their translation, among which there are a few main ones: literal translation of lexical units is carried out with the help of calque; replacement of parts of speech; explanatory translation of terms; translation with word order changes, primarily in attributive group. Conclusions. Agro-biological terminology tends to be poly-variant in translation, polysemy and homonymy. In order to overcome the difficulties in translating professional texts, it is necessary to work more actively with special vocabulary, thoroughly study the issues of ambiguity, synonyms and antonyms, word formation and methods of translation. The above considerations open opportunities for the practical application of these methods of translation of agro-biological terminology, and for further creative search for the correct perception of professionally oriented texts.

scholarly journals ON THE CHANGE OF VALUES OF POSTNOMINATIVE APPENDICES IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil M. Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
The Given ◽  
Informative Element

Article deals with the changes of the meanings of the post nominal adjectives in the process of transformation in the modern English language. On the basis of the linguoculturological approach and the method of linguistic analysis, the characteristic features of the change in the meanings of post-nominative adjectives in the English language have been revealed. In the English language the adjectives can perform the function of predicative. For the semantics of the adjectives which have the predicative function, these adjectives are characterized by inner qualitative diversity. Mainly, qualitative adjectives refer to classical predication and denote the feature of the object directly. Such adjectives have more features of predication. The predicative sign of the adjective, the presence of a connotation of subjective assessment determines its semantics and use. There are differences between the constructions used in the predicate function in phrases that perform the function of the subject and in the altered form of word phrases related attributively and predicatively. The predicative relation is the immunest form of syntactic connection and in predicative connectives the structural restriction in comparison with attributive constructions is extremely limited. Adjectives as predicative words do not have denotation and reference, they have no denoter, there is a signification. Basing on their indicative characteristics, it is possible to present all the possible semantic features. For the English language it is characteristic the use of the attribute before the defined word. The development from a special sign of thought to a general concept is characteristic for the whole structure of the English language; it is even possible to observe it in word formation. In most cases, taking into account the use of the adjective in the function of an attribute, the terms like postpositional (post nominal) and prepositional (prenominal) adjectives are used. The reasons for the change in the position of adjectives should be sought not always in the nature of the adjective, but in the degree to which it determines its referent. The semes that make up the meaning of the word are at different levels and are more or less stable. In adjectives, the nuclear seme, or subseme, is always found next to the differential seme. In other words, the adjective cannot be combined with nouns in all semantic groups. When an adjective is combined with a noun, a background is formed that allows or prevents the actualization of a particular seme. This causes the activation of a specific seme associated with the semantics of the given name in combination with the given name. Such semes are reflected in the join semantics. The opposite can also be said. The adjective itself chooses the noun for word formation. After all, the same adjective behaves differently in relation to transformation into different attributive complexes. In our opinion, adjectives act as an important restrictive informative element at the content level.

scholarly journals E. E. Cummings: From Parenthesis to Personality (Part II)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Uroš Mozetič
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Word Order ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Word ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetic Diction ◽  
Poetic Composition

The paper presents the unique oeuvre of E.E. Cummings; who claims an outstanding position in the heritage of American poetry; as a case of Bildungsdichtung. This status is largely due to his highly innovative and iconoclastic approach to poetic composition; starting from his early rebellious endeavours drawing on an astounding variety of non-standard and downright shocking potentialities of the English language (including such peculiar linguistic and stylistic idiosyncracies as drastic changes of the syntactic English word order; shifts at the morphology and word-formation level; unorthodox use of punctuation; extravagant typography and spacing or arrangement of space between the lines; a diversity of meters and rhymes; as well as seemingly eccentric imagery); to his later and invariably maturer poetic diction – the diction of one who has apparently come to terms with the world and his fellow-beings; realising that genuine wisdom resides in the understanding and forgiveness of the inherently fallible human nature rather than in its continuous sardonic scrutiny.

scholarly journals Lexical semantics of the verbs denoting debate in english

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Natalia Skrytska ◽  
Tetyana Nykyforuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Language Research

The semantic meaning of verbs to denote controversy is culturally justified language, habits and traditions of people. The analysis of verbs for designating disputes is based on a formalized method of lexical and semantic analysis. This method explores semes, combined into lexical units, as well as connections.between them. The relevance of the study lies in the need to form new semes, as well as to determine verbs of the highest and highest degrees of polysemy, the study of monosemantic series of the lexical meaning of verbs to denote disputes in English. The purpose of the article is to study the semantics of verbs to denote the manifestation of disputes in the English language. Research methods: descriptive, analytical, methods of analysis andsynthesis. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the lexical and semantic features of verbs for designating disputes in English have been identified.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL CHANGES OF PREFIXES IN ENGLISH WORD FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(68)) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
A. Ibrahimova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
English Language ◽  
Development Process ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
History Of

The vocabulary of literary language of modern English that becomes rich these days we can see from the development process of its word formation. The role of history of prefixes in forming of new words in the word building is extensive. The article was explored the charachteristics of the history of the English language prefixes. During the Ancient and Middle Ages, prefixes were commonly used less in word formation than before. The decrease in prefixes, of course, is due to certain reasons. Some English prefixes, on the other hand, are derived from OE adverbs and prepositions, and ME and NE are more advanced in number in the creation of new words.

scholarly journals CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AS THE SOURCE OF THE GERMAN COMPOUND WORDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Kovbasyuk L.A.
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
New Compounds

Мета нашого дослідження полягає в багатоаспектному вивченні утворення іменників-композитів німецької мови під час пандемії COVID-19, в аналізі їхньої структури, семантики та семантичних трансформацій. Для досягнення цієї мети необхід-но вирішити такі завдання: 1) скласти корпус композит, 2) вивчити їхні структурно-семантичні ознаки, 3) визначити наявні семантичні трансформації одиниць дослідження.Методи. Методологічною основою нашого дослідження є: 1) метод суцільної вибірки для складання корпусу композитів, 2) метод історичного дослідження для встановлення типу та структури композиту, 3) метод семантичного аналізу для висвіт-лення семантики композита, 4) концептуальний аналіз для визначення семантичних трансформацій.Результати. Словоскладання є одним із найпродуктивніших способів словотворення німецької мови. У сучасній німецькій мові є такі різновиди написання композит: разом згідно з класичною граматикою, через дефіс (и), кожний компонент із великої літери або окремо та з великих літер як в англійській мові. Аналіз відібраних композит дав змогу визначити тенденції у пло-щині словоскладання під час пандемії COVID-19: 1) словоскладання є продуктивним для утворення німецьких іменників, найпродуктивнішою моделлю композита є двокомпонентна структура N. + N; 2) складовими компонентами німецьких компо-зит є запозичення з англійської, грецької, італійської (латинської) та французької мов; 3) важливу роль у процесах утворення нових композитів відіграють префіксоіди та префікси; 4) словоскорочення є складовим компонентом багатьох композит у часи пандемії коронавірусу. У роботі виявлено такі типи композит: 1) детермінативні композити, 2) бахувріхі, 3) контамінації, 4) зрощення. Детермінативні композити утворюють найбільшу групу в корпусі нашого дослідження. Більша частина новітніх композитів є неологізмами. У проаналізованому корпусі представлені як композити з прямим значенням, так і композити, які є концептуальними метафорами або метоніміями, оказіональними утвореннями.Висновки. Проведене дослідження дало змогу встановити основні тенденції словоскладання в німецькій мові під час пан-демії коронавірусу. Композити проаналізовано з урахуванням їхньої структури та семантики. Перспектива майбутніх дослі-джень полягає у всебічному контрастивному аналізі композит у сучасній німецькій та сучасній українській мовах, аналізі використання композит у процесі навчання іноземної мови. Purpose. This article deals with German compounding as one of the most productive forms of word formation of nouns in the time of the coronavirus pandemic. This article aims to take into account the types of compounding, to determine the structural-semantic characteristics of compounds, and to describe existing semantic transformations. It is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to compose a corpus of composite, 2) to study their structural and semantic features and 3) to determine the existing semantic transformations of research units.Methods. The methodological framework of our empirically supported study includes text analysis for the preparation of the list of compounds, the methods of historical word formation research to research the type of compounding and the structure of the compound words, the semantic analysis for determining the meaning of the selected compounds and the conceptual analysis to determine their semantic transformations.Results. Word formation is one of the most productive ways of word building in German language. In modern German compound words are written: together according to classical grammar, through a hyphen (s), each component with a capital letter or separately and with capital letters as in English.The analysis of the compound words made it possible to determine some tendencies of compounding in a coronavirus pandemic: 1) compounding is particularly productive in the noun area, the most productive is the two-part structure N. + N.; 2) the compounds contain borrowings from English, Greek, Italian (Latin) and French as constituents; 3) prefixoids and prefixes become an important part of the formation of new compounds; 4) many compounds of the coronavirus pandemic have different types of short words as a constituent. We distinguish between the following types of compounds: 1) determinative compounds, 2) possessive compounds, 3) contamination, and 4) phrasal compounds. Determinative compounds form the largest group. Most compounds are neologisms. In our corpus, there are both compounds with a direct meaning as well as compounds that are conceptual metaphors or metonymies, occasional words.Conclusions. The study has shown at a glance which tendencies are present in German compounding during a coronavirus pandemic period. The compound words have been analyzed from their structure and their semantics. The perspective of future research lies in the versatile contrastive analysis of the compounds in contemporary German and contemporary Ukrainian; in the sensible use of compound words in foreign language teaching.

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