Development of the principles of ecologically safety water resources support for agrolandscapes

Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer

The issues of environmental safety that arise during the provision of water resources for agrolandscapes, including reclaimed lands that are no longer in circulation, are considered. To maintain the safety of agrolandscapes, it is necessary to eliminate or minimize the factors leading to the violation of the ecological balance. If there is a mismatch between the need for irrigation and drainage facilities for water resources and the possibility of satisfying them, an adjustment is made in water consumption, which is reduced to saving irrigation water. For the longterm operation of HMS, it is necessary to develop environmental monitoring programs with forecasting and calculating the likelihood of emergencies. When managing the operation of the GTS in extreme mode, it is necessary to continuously obtain information, which is possible only when using automated monitoring data in combination with a decision support system. Ensuring sustainable growth in agricultural production is not possible without expanding the area of irrigated land, including reclaimed land that has been phased out. The commissioning of the abandoned lands of the agrolandscape often does not require the creation of new HMS, however, it assumes, despite the increased loads, ensuring their effective and environmentally safe functioning. Retired reclaimed lands should be put into operation only if the irrigation system of the agrolandscape is efficient and environmentally safe. Such functioning is ensured through the use of automated process control systems.

Author(s):  
V.B. Zhezmer ◽  
A.O. Shcherbakov

Разработка принципов экологически безопасной эксплуатации агроландшафта при условии обеспечения оросительной водой не только используемых в настоящее время орошаемых площадей, но и выбывших из оборота мелиорированных земель, является актуальной и востребованной. Экологическая безопасность водообеспечения предполагает как экономию водных ресурсов, так и повышение безопасности эксплуатации гидромелиоративных систем (ГМС). В статье обоснована необходимость, с целью обеспечения безопасности гидротехнических сооружений, создания системы автоматизированного ведения мониторинга гидротехнических сооружений (ГТС) на основе современных веб-технологий, представлена концептуальная модель системы мониторинга, а также структура базы данных и принципы работы с массивами информации.The development of the principles of the environmentally safe operation of the agro-landscap, provided that irrigated water is provided not only for the currently used irrigated areas, but also all reclaimed land, is relevant and in demand. Environmental safety of water supply involves both saving water resources and improving the safety of the operation of irrigation and drainage systems (HMS). The article substantiates the need, in order to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures, the creation of a system for automated monitoring of hydraulic structures (GTS) based on modern web technologies, presents a conceptual model of a monitoring system, as well as a database structure and principles for working with arrays of information.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Arpan Sherring

Gravity fed drip irrigation techniques have been used in the small agricultural production as an advanced water saving irrigation method in recent times. However advantageous this method, there are still some difficulties in projecting the efficiency of such systems. Most especially, feasibility study of gravity drip irrigation for small scale farmers is very important in order to set up an efficient irrigation system. This study is focused to test the feasibility of the drip irrigation the experiment was run and Uniformity co-efficient and Distribution uniformity. In the study, the discharge of emitters at 1.0 m and 0.5 m emitter spacing and 1.0 m lateral spacing and for four irrigation durations (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes) was measured. The results clearly indicates that the selected emitters of 4 LPH rated discharge and 2.0 kg/cm2 pressure when used under gravity drip irrigation and at about 0.5-0.8 kg/cm2 pressure, discharges between 1.8-2.5 LPH. 6. The gravity drip irrigation can meet the water requirement of vegetable crops with acceptable UC and DU and can be a better solution for small scale farmers of the region in order to save the scarce fresh water resources.


Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Baifus Manke ◽  
Lessandro Coll Faria ◽  
Moisés Gomes Pereira ◽  
Bernardo Gomes Nörenberg ◽  
Tamara Leitzke Caldeira ◽  
...  

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS IRRIGADAS POR PIVÔ CENTRAL E LINEAR MÓVEL NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL  Emanuele Baifus Manke1; Lessandro Coll Faria2; Moisés Gomes Pereira3; Bernardo Gomes Nörenberg4; Tamara Leitzke Caldeira1 E Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira5 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Manejo e Conservação do Solo e da Água, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel. Capão do Leão, RS, [email protected] de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel. Pelotas, RS, [email protected] Hídrico, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel. Pelotas, RS, [email protected] de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel. Pelotas, RS, [email protected] Federal Goiano/Campus Ceres, IF Goiano, Ceres, GO, [email protected]  1 RESUMO A escassez de água em algumas regiões brasileiras retrata a importância da adequada gestão dos recursos hídricos. Entre as atividades que necessitam de água, a irrigação é considerada a mais exigente em termos de volume. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar a distribuição espacial dos sistemas de irrigação do tipo pivô central e linear móvel licenciados e em operação no Rio Grande do Sul, de tal forma que estas informações possam ser aplicadas na otimização da gestão de recursos hídricos. O conjunto de dados utilizado no estudo foi fornecido pela Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luiz Roessler (FEPAM) e consistiu-se de coordenadas geográficas associadas aos sistemas de irrigação licenciados. Os sistemas de irrigação do tipo pivô central e linear móvel foram distribuídos nas doze principais bacias hidrográficas do Rio Grande do Sul. Verificou-se que há 1.285 equipamentos do tipo pivô central e linear móvel licenciados pela FEPAM, que irrigam uma área total de 91.849 ha. A maior concentração destes sistemas de irrigação está na região noroeste do estado, especialmente nas bacias hidrográficas do Alto Jacuí e Ijuí. Na região Sul, do Rio Grande Sul, apenas alguns sistemas do tipo pivô central e linear móvel foram observados, podendo este fato ser parcialmente atribuído à predominância de irrigação por inundação na cultura do arroz. Palavras-chave: Gestão de recursos hídricos, bacia hidrográfica, irrigação.  Manke, E. B.; Faria, L. C.; Pereira, M. G.; Nörenberg, B. G.; Caldeira, T. L.; Oliveira; H. F. E.IDENTIFICATION OF IRRIGATED AREAS BY CENTER PIVOT AND MOVING LATERAL IN STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL  2 ABSTRACT Water scarcity in some Brazilian regions makes water resources management greatly important. Among the activities that need water, irrigation is considered the most demanding in terms of volume of water, and Rio Grande do Sul is one of the states in Brazil with the largest agricultural production. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the geographical distribution of licensed center pivot and linear moving irrigation systems operating in Rio Grande do Sul state such that information can be applied to optimize water resources management. The main dataset used in the study was provided by Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luiz Roessler (FEPAM) and consisted of geographical coordinates associated with the aforementioned licensed irrigation systems. These irrigation systems were distributed on the twelve main watersheds in Rio Grande do Sul state. There are 1,285 center pivot and linear moving equipments licensed by FEPAM, which irrigate an area of 91,849 ha. The greatest concentration of this irrigation system is in the Northwestern of Rio Grande do Sul state, especially in Alto Jacuí and Ijuí watersheds. On the other hand, only a few of such systems were observed in South region of Rio Grande do Sul state and this can be partially attributed to the predominance of flood irrigation for rice. Keywords: water resources management, watershed, irrigation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Irina Yurchenko

The relevance of research is due to the increasing role of digital technologies for managing agricultural production on reclaimed lands in ensuring sustainable growth of agricultural production efficiency. The object of research is precision (precise) management of agricultural production. The subject is advanced technologies for the rapid formation and regulation of the reclamation regime of agroecosystems that meet the requirements of sustainable development of the crop production system of the domestic agro-industrial complex. The purpose of this work is to improve methodological and technological approaches to digitalization of technologies for managing the reclamation regime of the agroecosystem. the Scientific novelty of the work is to substantiate the functional orientation and list of priority tasks solved by the created digital systems, which required studying the specifics of applied technologies for managing agricultural production; determining the effective direction of improving automated management. The research was based on the analysis of normative-methodological and legal documents, literary sources, as well as personal developments of the author on the subject under consideration. Methods of comparative and system analysis and expert assessments were used in the work. Factors of competitiveness of economic entities implementing support of management decisions by digital systems are identified. Uncovered causes that reduce the effectiveness of the implementation of the digital control systems of agricultural production on reclaimed lands in the Russian agricultural sector Shows the priority approaches to the structure of control system of technological processes of agricultural production, emerging based on the integration of access to information for business processes of enterprise management. A list of priority tasks of automation of technological processes of reclamation agriculture has been developed. Priority requirements for improving digital technologies for managing the reclamation regime of agroecosystems in terms of information, technology and software are formulated. The proposed transformation of approaches to the creation and use of automated production process control systems (APCS) and General approaches to enterprise management (APCS) meets the requirements of the «Internet of things (IOT)», one of the newest trends in the evolution of modern Internet technologies. The technological process of precision management of agricultural production based on digital systems Maxim built into the management procedures of the hydroreclamation system, rationalized, with significantly increased efficiency transforms the interaction of producers and consumers, bringing them flexibility, organizing the exchange of information via the Internet.


2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
A.I. Semyachkov ◽  
V.A. Pochechun ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov

The article explains the need to diagnose the man-made impact on water resources as a priority task to ensure the environmental safety of the territory in order to develop a sound regional environmental policy in relation to the sustainable and environmentally safe use of water resources. The diagnostic results of the water and environmental situation in the Ural Federal District are provided.


Author(s):  
Olena Demchuk ◽  
Pavlo Kovalchuk ◽  
Roman Kovalenko ◽  
Volodymyr Kovalchuk ◽  
Hanna Balykhina

Mathematical models have been developed for managing the water resources of the Ingulets River in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive on the establishment of cost-effective water use with ensuring good or excellent ecological river status. The structural and functional diagram of the system model includes the subsystems: water supply by the Dnipro-Ingulets canal; flushing the Ingulets River from the Karachunivske reservoir and displacing the saline prism into the Dnipro River; environmental safety when discharging pollution into the river Ingulets; water supply for irrigation in the Ingulets irrigation system, prevention of soil salinization. Integrated management is carried out by subsystems, by types of management and by a system of criteria. A system of economic and environmental criteria for evaluating integrated management by the basin principle has been developed. Simulation of scenarios based on operational management is carried out. Scenarios are optimized according to the Pareto principle. An example of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed control system and its comparison with the existing regulations for flushing the Ingulets River is given.


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