scholarly journals SACREDNESS IN SPEECH-MAKING OF MAKSYM RYLSKYI

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Tetiana KOTS
Keyword(s):  
Early Speech ◽  
Sublime Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic means of sacrality as a style category, covering the solemnly elevated, traditionally established register of expressive linguistic means that hold the dominant values of the figurative book syntagms of religious style. Particular attention is paid to the unveiling of the stylistic potential of biblical words and expressions in the early speech-making of Maksym Rylskyi. The linguistic mechanisms of sacrality as a means of creating linguistic color, solemn, sublime, aesthetic perfection, positively-valued sounding of a poetic word are revealed. Performing stylistic, compositional, pragmatic functions in the artistic text, the sacral units are expressions of the individual-authorial reception of the values. Traditional artistic means of expressing sacrality in Maksym Rylskyi’s language are biblical words and phraseologisms, which are included in the registers not only of dictionaries of biblical words and expressions, but also of common phraseological and interpretative dictionaries dominant in the figurative book syntagms of the religious style and at the same time the expression of the gravity of the spiritual memory of the nation. In poetic contexts biblical words and expressions often acquire a metaphorical, lyrical sound, attesting to the sacral desemantization of lexemes, but instead actualizing implicit linguistic semantics.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF SPEAKERS’ COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL ROLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Lohvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is a study of the features of the individual’s communicative behavior, when implementing different social roles. By analyzing the concept of the social role and status, author puts forward the classification of the most frequent social roles represented by an individual in formal and informal communication situations (that of a father, lecturer, friend, colleague, employer, employee, consultant). The work is based on the number of studied and investigated dialogical fragments, where one character appears in different social roles and uses various language means. Having considered typical communicative situations, the author also singles out linguistic and extra-linguistic means which mark the changes of speaker’s social roles, namely: elevated, sarcastic, polite, sad, ironic, joyful, neutral, strict, humorous, angry, contemptuous, intrusive, friendly, confident and other tones as well as smile, frown and raised eyebrows, laugh, direct eye contact, pointing finger, pointing the hand etc. At the next stage of the analysis the author reveals the language means that mark the changes of the speaker's social roles as well as outlines the difficulties, connected with their translation into Ukrainian. Translation of the dialogical fragments was studied in order to find out types of rendition of the means that indicate realization of different social roles by the speaker. Non-verbal communication was also researched, aiming to find out correlation between the social role of the speaker and the means, used by the speaker, according to his social role. As a result, the paper presents the analysis of such means of translation as transliteration, transcription, antonymous, descriptive, and contextual tracing, literal types of translation as well as their dependence on the social role of the speaker. So the components of intercourse let communicative behavior of the individual to be comprehensively considered. Thereby, the results of the study, their representation in per cents, as well as examples of the communicative situations and their analysis, are represented in the following article.

scholarly journals Действие принципа нонселекции в языковoй организации постмодерного художественного текста

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Elena Stepanowna Perelomowa
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Selection Principle ◽  
Associative Chain ◽  
Clear Sign ◽  
Postmodern Art ◽  
Poetic Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article discusses the organization of linguistic postmodern literary text. Analyzes the poetic works of Ukrainian postmodern art discourse for selection by the authors of language means of expression to achieve communicative goals. Word in a work of art does not only nominative function, it is used in a subjectify lingual space and determine speechthinking freedom of speaker. The author draws attention to the fact that the poetic function of language, along with the reference, ambiguity and gives it an opportunity for the ambiguity of the utterance. In connection with this understanding of the meaning of art depends on the different attitudes to the very subject of the statement saying, an the method of reading the text. Related words in the concept of becoming unfit for the image “literal” pattern of life. Therefore, a clear sign of postmodernism become Ukrainian verbal games, heteroglossy languages, discourse, linguistic hybrids, marginal dictionaries. He rejects the discourse of a totalitarian society, the official lexicon of Soviet-style language as inadequate to express the individual senses and feelings, instead of resorting to repetition of words, obscene language, citations, etc. The essence of the product is replaced by rhythmic melodic phrase, a phrase open to freely attach to it any associative chain. In the process of generation of artistic expression is present in the selection principle nonselection linguistic means of expression. The dialogue is born and polylogue game between the text of culture, the reader, the author.

A Grammar of Authority?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Gerstenberg ◽  
Carine Skupien-Dekens
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Linguistic Means

Abstract Directive Speech Acts (dsas) are a major feature of historical pragmatics, specifically in research on historical (im)politeness. However, for Classical French, there is a lack of research on related phenomena. In our contribution, we present two recently constructed corpora covering the period of Classical French, sermo and apwcf. We present these corpora in terms of their genre characteristics on a communicative–functional and socio-pragmatic level. Based on the observation that, both in sermo and apwcf, dsas frequently occur together with terms of address, we analyse and manually code a sample based on this co-occurrence, and we compare the results with regard to special features in the individual corpora. The emerging patterns show a clear correspondence between socio-pragmatic factors and the linguistic means used to realise dsas. We propose that these results can be interpreted as signs of an underlying “grammar of authority”.

scholarly journals LEXICO-SEMANTIC STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL SPEECHES BY BILL CLINTON

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Anna Burtnyk ◽  
Marta Karp
Keyword(s):  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
The People ◽  
National Convention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Linguistic Means

The research deals with the study of stylistic and lexical peculiarities of political speeches of American ex-president Bill Clinton. Special attention is given to the individual characteristics of the language of the orator. The novelty of the study concerns detailed analysis, classification and comparison of lexico-semantic stylistic devices based on the speeches of B. Clinton. The object of the research deals with political speeches of B. Clinton including the first inaugural speech (January 20, 1993), farewell address (January 18, 2001), speech on Democratic National Convention (July 26, 2016). The information obtained through the analysis of political speeches helps to trace the influence of the words of a politician used in one context or another in order to establish power, influence and control of the people, as well as to understand the goals and intentions of a politician. The subject of the study describes lexico-semantic stylistic devices of the speeches. The practical value of the work highlights the ability to detect and interpret the use of linguistic means in political speeches. In the paper the main features of B. Clinton’s political speeches and their influence on people’s opinion have been revealed.

Sublime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Balfour
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Current Drive ◽  
The Self ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sublime Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
De Man

The sublime as an aesthetic category has an extraordinarily discontinuous history in Western criticism and theory, though the phenomena it points to in art and nature are without historical limit, or virtually so. The sublime as a concept and phenomenon is harder to define than many aesthetic concepts, partly because of its content and partly because of the absence of a definition in the first great surviving text on the subject, Longinus’s On the Sublime. The sublime is inflected differently in the major theorists: in Longinus it produces ecstasy or transport in the reader or listener; in Burke its main ingredient is terror (but supplemented by infinity and obscurity); and in Kant’s bifurcated system of the mathematical and dynamic sublime, the former entails a cognitive overload, a breakdown of the imagination, and the ability to represent, whereas in the latter, the subject, after first being threatened, virtually, by powerful nature outside her or him, turns inward to discover a power of reason able to think beyond the realm of the senses. Many theorists testify to the effect of transcendence or exaltation of the self on the far side of a disturbing, disorienting experience that at least momentarily suspends or even annihilates the self. A great deal in the theoretical-critical texts turns on the force of singularly impressive examples, which may or may not exceed the designs of the theoretical axioms they are meant to exemplify. Examples of sublimity are by no means limited to nature and art but spill over into numerous domains of cultural and social life. The singular force of the individual examples, it is argued, nonetheless tends to work out similarly in certain genres conducive to the sublime (epic, tragedy) but somewhat differently from one genre to another. The heyday of the theory and critical engagement with the sublime lasts, in Western Europe and a little beyond, from the late 17th century to the early 19th century. But it does not simply go away, with sublime aesthetic production and critical reflection on the sublime present in the likes of Baudelaire, Nietzsche, and—to Adorno’s mind—in the art of modernism generally, in its critical swerve from the canons of what had counted as beauty. The sublime flourished as a topic in theory of criticism of the poststructuralist era, in figures such as Lyotard and Paul de Man but also in Fredric Jameson’s analysis of the cultural logic of late capitalism. The then current drive to critique the principle and some protocols of representation found an almost tailor-made topic in Enlightenment and Romantic theory of the sublime where, within philosophy, representation had been rendered problematic in robust fashion.

scholarly journals Where does the modality of Ancient Greek modal verbs come from?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Danesi ◽  
Johnson ◽  
Jóhanna Barðdal
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Data Call ◽  
Linguistic Means

Abstract Modality can be expressed through a variety of different linguistic means within and across languages, of which one manifestation is through noncanonical case marking of the subject. In Ancient Greek several predicates show a systematic alternation between constructions with nominative and oblique subjects, which coincides with a difference in meaning, yielding a modal meaning in the latter case. We show how this modal meaning cannot be derived from the meaning of the individual parts of the construction, neither from the lexical material nor from the relevant grammatical elements. Instead, the data call for a constructional analysis of a modal subconstruction of the oblique subject construction, for which the modality must be attributed to the construction itself. We argue that this can be viewed through the lens of subjectification in the sense of Traugott (2003), here demonstrating that the semantic relation holding between the subject referent and the oblique case marking selected by the verb has been extended to the empathic relation holding between the speaker and his/her attitude towards the proposition uttered (Barðdal 2004). This, we believe, is how the concept of modality came to be associated with oblique case marking of subjects.

scholarly journals Methodological Status of the Concept of World Picture and its Philosophical Origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 831-832
Author(s):  
Halimova Firuza Rustamovna
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Status ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Linguistic Means

Abstract: The world picture in a literary text is created by linguistic means, while it reflects the individual picture of the world in the mind of the writer and is embodied in the selection of elements of the content of the work of art; the selection of the language means used; in the individual use of figurative means. The artistic picture of the world is a secondary, mediated the world picture, and it is mediated twice - by language and individually - by the author's conceptual picture of the world. Keywords: artistic reality, worldview, methodological characteristics, reality, linguistic approach.

scholarly journals Linguostilistic features of H. M. Enzensberger's idiostyle as features of postmodernism

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Maryna Marchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Communication ◽  
Grammatical Metaphor ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opaque Context ◽  
Individual Style ◽  
Linguistic Means

The paper presents the peculiarities of the idiosyncrasy of the modern outstanding German writer of postmodernism H. M. Enzensberger on the material of the poem «Vor dem Techno und danach». It should be noted, that the poetic speech of postmodernism differs in its «postmodern sensuality», a kind of worldview, hypertextuality, the tendency to communicate with the recipient through play. Therefore, an attempt was made to explore the idiostyle of the representative of postmodernism, as idiostyle reflects not only the individual features of speech communication of the linguistic personality, but also the general trends of a particular cultural era. It was found, that one of the features is that the author refers to the play on words in general and the game with the intelligence of the reader in particular. He constantly appeals to the addressee as an implicit interlocutor. Using a variety of tools, the author not only creates an opaque context, but also encodes information, constantly forcing the reader to participate in the decoding of hypertext. The author creates a deep subtext, using allusion. Typical of his idiosyncrasy is that the musicality of the poem is created not by rhyme but by syntax: parentheses, prolepsis, parceling and period. There is a masterful variation of not only syntactic but also grammatical and lexical means, which makes H. M. Enzensberger's individual style stylistically colorful and unique. In order to avoid stylistic monotony and to break the intonation, the author discharges homogeneous rows with parentheses and prolepsis, thus giving an expressive color to the content. In search of new means of expression H. M. Enzensberger turns to such non-traditional linguistic means as grammatical metaphor and period, through which he creates a sense of time space and reproduces the contextual antithesis. Using descending gradation, modeled authorial meaning of tokens, syntax, contextual homogeneity and allusion, the author realizes his ironic attitude to the image. Thus, in this poem the writers trace the play, hypertextuality and emotionality of the content that is inherent in postmodernism. However, paying attention to the language means that identify the idiostyle of H. M. Enzensberger, it should be noted that he tends to a limited number of language means in the poem, making them multifunctional, and to refined non-traditional language means.

scholarly journals Laughter in modern English and Ukrainian political texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Darina Stanko ◽  
◽  
Natalia Chendey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Peripheral Structure ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Means

The paper deals with the semantic features of the representation of the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter» in terms of its central-peripheral structure in contemporary English and Ukrainian political texts. The concept is defined as a complex, culturally labeled, mentally affective notion that has a conceptual, figurative and value meaning and is actualized in dictionaries and political texts by various linguistic means. The research material includes articles, interviews, debates, messages, political commentaries published in the contemporary English and Ukrainian political press of the last decade and actualizes the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter». In Ukrainian and English political texts the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter» is perceived through the prism of fun and tears as expressions of happiness and unhappiness, but for the Ukrainian language, laughter is more often associated with the sound and events that cause it. Cognitive and discourse methods used in the article allow to establish the content and structure of abstract-emotional concept «laughter» not only in everyday life, but in discourse by means of nominal, descriptive and expressive embodiment. In political speeches, «laughter» is a traditional manifestation of arrogance and contempt; it helps express opposition to ideas, plans, forecasts, actions of the object of ridicule. Although, a person can laugh out loud as a result of happiness, in political texts the token «roar» and its Ukrainian equivalent «реготати» denote negative emotional states. Loud / Homeric laughter is contrasted with silence or giggles. In Ukrainian fiction «giggling» denotes fun, positive emotional reactions, but in the context of political speeches or commentary, this token represents a disparaging attitude towards a subject who laughs in this way or verbalizes manifestations of meanness, inferiority. The results of the study showed that the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter» is a coherent system, the components of which not only interact, but complement each other, forming a conceptual field. The content of the concept includes everything that a person knows about this phenomenon, emotional associations of different nature. The verbalization of the concept «laughter» in Ukrainian and English political texts is worked out taking into account its representation in synonyms as well as in free expressions and idioms. Idioms and phraseological expressions clarify the meaning of the concept on the basis of metaphorical similarity to other sentence components that is the object for studying in further works on this topic. Nominal expressions decipher and express the meaning of the concept, reveal the peculiarities of verbalization of emotions, affective states in the linguistic consciousness of the individual through the lens of political text.

scholarly journals Legitimizing Strategies in Video Messages of Regional Politicians of Russia and Germany during the First Lockdown of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Melnik ◽  
Maria Silkova
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Implementing Strategies ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article analyzes the legitimizing strategies of regional politicians of Russia and Germany. The purpose of our research is to identify, describe and compare legitimizing strategies and tactics in political video messages of regional politicians of Russia and Germany in the linguopersonological aspect. The purpose of the work was to determine the individual language tools of politicians, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics used. The subject of the study is the linguistic means of implementing strategies by regional politicians of Russia and Germany, as well as the linguistic means of spontaneous speech of commentators legitimizing political actions. The results of the study: the legitimizing strategies and tactics, as well as the communicative moves that implement them, characteristic of the discourse of each politician, are determined, the results are compared. The analysis revealed that the main strategies of the legitimizing discourse of the politicians of Russia and Germany are the strategy of theatricality and the strategy to increase. As a result of the analysis of the Internet comments, the effectiveness of strategies implemented in the discourses of politicians is determined

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