scholarly journals Prophylactic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Saussurea Costus Roots Against Hepato- Renal Toxicity Induced by Diazinon in Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Alaa K. Hamad ◽  
Mariam Kadhem

The study was performed to investigate the prophylactic role of Saussurea costus roots in the functional and histological changes caused by diazinon in the liver and kidneysin chickens. 18 chickens were used of Arbor Acres strain at 54 days of age and 1300-1500 gm average of body weight was used for this purpose. The birds were divided into 3 groups equally (6chicken in each groups), Group 1: served as a control negative received distilled water 1 ml. Group 2: served as a positive control group, received diazinon at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day. Group 3: were given an ethanolic extractof Saussurea costus at dose 300 mg/kg, then after one hour administrated diazinon at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day, this group served as a prophylactic group. The doses were given orally once daily for 4 weeks.The results of group 2 showed clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, salivation, diarrhea, breathing from the mouth, teary eyes, drooping of wings. The body weights of the chickens and weights of the liver and kidneys of group 2 significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared with groups 1 and 3. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, total protein, albumin, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while a significant increase (p≤0.05) in heterophil, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA compared with group 1. The gross examination of the liver and kidney of group 2 were pale, easily crumbles and smaller than that of group 1. Histopathological changes of the liver of group 2 including congested and dilated central vein, vacuolated cytoplasm of hepatocytes, focal necrotic tissue filled with inflammatory cells, thickening of the bile duct, thickening wall of the portal artery. fibroblast in portal area, dilated sinusoid. Histopathological changes of the kidney including dilatation of renal tubule, hemorrhage, and atrophy in the glomerulus. we concluded that administration of ethanolic extractof Saussurea costus resulted in amelioration of the morphological changes in diazinon treated chickens, improved parameters and restored the parameters to near normal compared with group 1. These results revealed that Saussurea costus roots acts as an antioxidant substance and has a hepatic and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by diazinon.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia A. Nassar ◽  
Amira H. Mohamed ◽  
Hamdy Soufy ◽  
Soad M. Nasr

The present study was conducted to study the protective effect of ethanolic extract of propolis given subcutaneously (S/C) either alone or in combination with inactivated formalizedPasteurella multocida(P. multocida) vaccine in rabbits challenged with virulentP. multocidastrain. Twenty-eight New-Zealand rabbits, 6–8 weeks old and not vaccinated against pasteurellosis, were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group (1) was kept as nonvaccinated control. Group (2) was injected S/C with propolis. Group (3) was vaccinated (S/C) withP. multocidavaccine only. Group (4) was injected with vaccine mixed with propolis as adjuvant. Groups (2, 3, and 4) received the same doses of propolis and vaccine after 4 weeks as a booster dose. The experiment continued for six weeks during which clinical signs, body weight, and mortality rate were recorded. Blood samples were collected every 2 weeks of treatment for evaluating the erythrogram and biochemical parameters. At the end of six weeks, all groups were subjected to challenge with a virulent strain ofP. multocida. Two weeks later, tissue specimens were collected from different organs for histopathological investigation. Results showed that before challenge all rabbits of different groups were apparently healthy and had good appetite. After challenge, control group (1) showed acute form of the disease, 100% mortality rate, and severe histopathological changes. Rabbits of groups (2 and 3) showed less severe clinical signs, mortality rate, and histopathological changes than control. Rabbits of group (4) were apparently healthy with normal histological picture. In conclusion, an ethanolic extract of propolis injected alone or combined with formalized inactivatedP. multocidavaccine improved general health conditions, liver and kidney functions in addition to reduction of the severity of adverse clinical signs, mortality rates, and histopathological changes associated with challenge of rabbits withP. multocidastrain.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Raghad Ibraheam Khalil AL-Mahdawi

     The study was designed to determine the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in the rabbits and histopathological changes of infected internal organs in mice. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy rabbits from different region of Baghdad city for the serological detection of T. gondii infection. Biological assay in mice was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.1 ml digested organs suspension, (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscles, and brain) during the period from October 2013 until July 2014. The results revealed histopathological changes in bioassay mice infected by T. gondii isolated from domestic rabbit, no histopathological changes in the brain of animals of first group1 (control group), but in the group 2 (killed at day 15) the main pathological changes were perivascular perineuronal edema with presence of some degenerated neurons characterized  by shrunken dark blue stained (basophilic) cell bodies. In the animals of the group 2 (killed at day 21) the main brain histopathological changes were Sever congestion of meningeal blood vessels with infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal aggregation of microglial cells with diffuse obvious focal gliosis, whereas, in the same group animals that killed at day 28 the main brain histopathological changes were focal encephalomalacia and edema between molecular and granular layer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hussain ◽  
Mariam Kadhem

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.


2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Lanna ◽  
A.P. Marques Jr. ◽  
R.H. Douglas

The efficacy of one or multiple doses of an injectable formulation of deslorelin (a GnRH agonist) was evaluated to induce estrus in anestrous bitches. Thirteen animals composed three groups: group 1 (n=5, single IM injection of 2mg deslorelin), group 2 (n=5, four IM injections of 2mg deslorelin in alternate days), and control group (n=3, four IM saline injections in alternate days). Daily clinical evaluations, sexual behavior, vaginal cytology, plasma progesterone concentration, ovaryhysterectomy and macroscopic evaluation of the uterus and ovaries were done. In group 1, none of the bitches showed signs of estrus, while two developed clinical signs and vaginal cytology of proestrus. In group 2, all animals presented proestrus, four presented estrus, and three ovulated; resulting in a functional corpus luteum and high progesterone concentration until day 25 of diestrus, when ovaryhysterectomy was performed. The duration of the stages of deslorelin induced cycles and the progesterone profile were similar to those described in the literature, and no side effects were observed. In conclusion, injectable formulation of deslorelin in multiple injections was effective to induce fertile estrus in anestrous bitches.


2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Angeli ◽  
Sarah Connell ◽  
Brian Gibson ◽  
Ali Ozdek ◽  
John T. McElveen ◽  
...  

Objectives: Two studies were designed to investigate a hyaluronan (HA) gel for middle ear (ME) wound healing. Methods: We used a guinea pig model of ME wound healing. In a long-term study, we performed a comparison of hearing and ME inflammation in 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 8) underwent bilateral wounding of ME mucosa and unilateral packing of the ME with HA gel (Sepragel). Group 2 (n = 6) was the same as group 1 except that the packing was absorbable bovine collagen sponges (Gelfoam). Group 3, the control group (n = 14), had operated, unpacked ears. In a short-term study, we investigated ME retention of HA gel at 1 and 2 weeks (n = 16). Results: At 1 week, all ears showed decreased distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) secondary to ME packing and postsurgical inflammation. The controls recovered preoperative DPOAEs and ABRs by week 2. Group 1 had decreased low-frequency DPOAEs at weeks 2 and 6, but their high-frequency DPOAEs and ABRs recovered to preoperative values by week 6. Group 2 had hearing losses that persisted throughout the study. Group 1 showed normal ME and inner ear histologic characteristics. Group 2 showed inflammatory cells within the ME and cochleas. Group 1 showed less packing retention than did group 2 at week 6 (p = 016). Eighty-five percent of the HA packing remained at 1 week, and 73% at 2 weeks. Conclusions: Hyaluronan gel was a relatively safe and effective ME packing material in our animal model.


Author(s):  
Hend M. Tag ◽  
Howayda E. Khaled ◽  
Hayat A.A. Ismail ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by polyarticular symmetrical arthritis. The prevalence of RA is consistent worldwide, affecting about 0.5%–1.0% of the population. The aim of this study was to investigate whetherAnimals were divided into eight groups (n=5/group). Group 1 acted as control, group 2 presented the AA rats (positive control), and groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with different doses ofThe


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Yakaiah Vangoori ◽  
Anusha Dakshinamoorthi ◽  
S. Kavimani

The effect of the ethanolic extract of Myristica fragrans was evaluated on cafeteria diet induced body weight, glucose and lipid elevations in albino rats. 30 rats were taken randomly and divided into five groups and six each. Group-1 normal control and Group 2-5 were give cafeteria diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity and treatment period was 10 weeks. After 70 days of treatment, the extract, at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg, significantly reduced the body weight, glucose and lipid levels (p < 0.001) dose dependently. The standard drug Orlistat at 50mg/kg effectively prevented the body weight, glucose and lipid levels when compared with control and test groups. With these observations and previous data, the study concludes that Myristica fragrans extract can stimulate AMP-Kinase enzyme system and can reduce glucose and lipid concentrations. This may be useful for obesity treatment.


Author(s):  
I. O. Mitiuriaeva-Kornijko ◽  
A. A. Vodianyk ◽  
V. V. Lihodievskyy ◽  
V. A. Ponyatovskiy ◽  
A. V. Gniloskurenko ◽  
...  

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases that affects people of any age and sex. The purpose of our study was to determine morphological changes in acute pyelonephritis, depending on the ability of bacteria strains to form biofilms. Materials and methods. The model of acute pyelonephritis was reproduced by ascending urinary infection model of laboratory mice with clinical isolates of E.coli with low biofilm formation ability (group # 1) and high biofilm formation ability (group # 2), the material was taken on day 7 of the experiment, histological sections were analyzed in comparison with control (group # 3). Results. In group # 1, leukocyte infiltration of the medulla of the kidney with the presence of edema of the stroma was observed. In group # 2, hyperinfiltration of all parts of the kidney was observed, together with the presence of extravasates and severe edema of the stroma. Discussion. Changes revealed by histological examination may indicate that biofilm formation leads to an ineffective immuneresponse, which in turn leads to increased secondary alteration. Conclusions. Biofilm formation is an important factor in the pathogenicity of microorganisms, which affects the course of acute pyelonephritis.


Author(s):  
L.G. Kashirina ◽  
◽  
Yu.E. Dorokhina ◽  
M.T. Trfandyan ◽  
◽  
...  

Antioxidant drugs "E-selenium" and Catosal help to reduce LPO processes in the body of pregnant ewes. Were formed 3 groups of animals - analogs, three heads each (control and two experimental). Ewes of experimental group 1 were injected intramuscularly with the preparation "E-selenium" in a dose of 1 ml per head once a month for 2 months, starting from the third month of pregnancy. The animals of the second experimental group in the same periods were injected with the drug "Catosal" intramuscularly at a dose of 4 ml per head once a month for 2 months. The feeding of animals of all groups was the same, balanced in nutrients and corresponded to the norms of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The experiment lasted 155 days. There was an increase in the production of DC in the 3rd month of pregnancy in the control group of animals in comparison with the experimental ones, in its so-called "peak", it was significantly higher than in the 1st month, in experimental group 1 by 9.8 %, with experimental group 2 by 9.71%, in control by 18.75 %. During this crucial period, the laying of fruits occurs in the body of ewes, which is reflected in the level of its own antioxidant system. A similar increase can be traced in the case of MDA, which is a secondary oxidation product and is often formed from diene conjugates. The difference in the control group in comparison with the experimental group 1 was 7.48 % and the experimental group 2 13.84 %. Starting from the 4th and 5th months of pregnancy, as the intensity of LPO processes increased, the concentration of DC and MDA production decreased in the experimental groups and especially in the experimental group 2.


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