scholarly journals Letter of Credit (L/C) Sebagai Cara Pembayaran yang Paling Aman dalam Transaksi Pembayaran Perdagangan Internasional/Ekspor-Impor. (Studi Kasus pada PT. San San Saudaratex Jaya).

ijd-demos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Dedi Subagja
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Method Of Payment ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Descriptive Method

International trade is a trade between two companies with different countries, place, social, economic conditions involving those conditions, there are problems arise is the method of payments in that trade. The purpose of this observation is to explain the process of using the Letter of Credit that was used by PT. San San Saudaratex Jaya, ascertaining this Letter of Credit in export and import. Letter of Credit is one of the international paying methods, that the safest against to the exporter or importer. The observation method that was used by the writer to collect data and information is field research, observation and whereas, the descriptive method was used to analyze the data. The result of this observation, are PT. San San Saudaratex Jaya, uses a Letter of Credit as a method of payment in export and import. There are L/C type Sight and Usance, and also Transferable L/C for the other beneficiary. The company chooses that kind of L/C because there is better for both sides the exporter and the importer. The problems are facing by the company are discrepancies, bank fees in relation to the documents in using L/C. It is better if the company using another method of payments base on relation and trust among importer and exporter in doing the business for deducting expenses in relation to L/C documents, that so expansive. Perdagangan internasional adalah perdagangan yang melibatkan dua pengusaha dengan tempat, sosial budaya, kondisi ekonomi yang berbeda dengan melihat hal tersebut maka ada masalah yang timbul yaitu cara penyelesaian pembayaran yang sering menjadi masalah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan bagaimana proses pelaksanaan penggunaan Letter of Credit (L/C) dalam transaksi ekspor dan impor yang telah dilakukan oleh PT. San San Saudaratex Jaya. Letter of Credit merupakan salah satu cara pembayaran didalam perdagangan internasional yang paling aman ditinjau dari sudut eksportir  maupun importir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis untuk mengumpulkan data dan informasi yaitu penelitian lapangan berupa observasi dan wawancara, serta penelitian pustaka. Sedangkan untuk menganalisa data, metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, antara lain; PT. San San Saudaratex Jaya, menggunakan L/C dalam transaksi ekspor dan impor. Dalam hal ini perusahaan menggunakan L/C dengan cara pembayaran Sight dan Usance, sedangkan kemungkinan penggunaannya oleh Beneficiary lain digunakan Transferable L/C. Perusahaan memilih jenis-jenis L/C tersebut, karena dianggap menguntungkan ditinjau dari segi eksportir maupun importir. Hambatan-hambatan yang berupa discrepancies, pembayaran biaya bank, didalam pengurusan dokumen merupakan salah satu hambatan didalam penggunaan L/C. Akan lebih baik lagi jika perusahaan menggunakan metode pembayaran internasional yang lainnya, tentunya sesuai dengan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak untuk menekan biaya-biaya yang timbul didalam penggunaan L/C, yang dirasakan cukup besar. 

PRINCIPLE OF AUTONOMY IN LETTER OF CREDIT: MALAYSIAN PRACTICE

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmawani Che Hashim ◽  
Ahmad Azam Othman ◽  
Akhtarzaite Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
Method Of Payment ◽  
Almost All

The term letter of credit (LC) is not uncommon in international trade as it is the most frequently used method of payment by seller and buyer in their sales contract. LC serves its significant role by facilitating payment between buyer and seller from different countries, who are always prejudiced towards each other on the issue of payment, especially when the deal involves a huge amount of money. By using LC, the seller and buyer will be represented by their own bankers whose function, among others is to issue an LC for the buyer and pay on presentation of seller’s documents which strictly comply to LC requirements. It is well-known that LC is governed by the principle of autonomy or also referred to as the principle of independence1 which indicates LC, being a contract of payment is totally separate from the underlying sales contract. Banks are concerned with documents only and not with the goods. LC transaction can be governed by the Uniform Custom and Practice for Documentary Credit, known as the UCP through express incorporation which provides the rules relating to LC matters and is adopted in almost all LC transactions. This paper discusses the nature, background and significance of principle of autonomy in LC transaction. In elaborating the provisions on the principle of autonomy in the UCP 600, comparisons between relevant articles in the UCP 500 are highlighted. The discussion also focuses on relevant case law and on the application of the autonomy principle in conventional and Islamic LC. The paper concludes with the finding that Malaysian bankers fully subscribe to the principle of autonomy as outlined by the UCP 600.

scholarly journals The Role, Development and Opportunities of Spice Commodities for International Relations Between Indonesia and Other Countries in The International Market

JASSP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Wahyu Adhi Saputro ◽  
Herdiana Anggrasari
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
International Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Descriptive Method

Indonesia as a spice producer has the opportunity to become a world spice exporter that can contribute to the Indonesian economy. On the other hand, Indonesia has challenges to be able to improve the performance of Indonesian spices commodities. In this research, an overview of the condition of Indonesian spices will be seen so that the development and opportunities of Indonesian spices can be identified. Therefore the objectives of this study are (1) to determine the development of the area, production and productivity of Indonesian spices, (2) to determine the development and performance of international trade in Indonesian spices, (3) the demand for world and Indonesian spices. in the international market, and (4) the development of world and Indonesian spices prices in the international market. This research uses the basic analytical descriptive method, which is a research method that focuses on solving actual problems in the present. The results showed that in general the acreage and production of spices commodities tended to increase from year to year, but the productivity of pepper, nutmeg and vanilla decreased. When viewed from the balance of the Indonesian spices trade in each period it fluctuates but tends to increase. Meanwhile, the demand for spices in the international and Indonesian markets fluctuates every year but tends to increase and the development of international and domestic spice commodity prices has fluctuated each period.

scholarly journals The fraud rule under letter of credit law in the people’s republic of China and implications for Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Linh Le Thuc Bui
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Sale Of Goods ◽  
Credit Law

In international trade where the buyer and the seller do not have information about each other, letter of credit is used to assure the other parties' fears in the sale contract. For instance, the sellers are afraid of not being paid after sending the goods bought by the purchasers, meanwhile, the buyers have no reasonable grounds to believe the sellers will send the conforming goods under the requirements of the sale contracts. The letter of credit is a settlement between parties to reduce the risks and inserts security into the international sale of goods. However, there are fraudsters who tries to defraud the process of the letter of credit and fraud rule is expected to prevent this issue. There are countries tried to develop specific regulations for the letter of credit and fraud rule, one of those countries is the People's Republic of China (P.R.C). The practices of letter of credit in China had been an aiming point of critiques through years by letter of credit experts. In such wise, the Supreme People's Court of P.R.C has issued the Rules of the Supreme People's Court Concerning Several Issues in Hearing Letter of Credit Case (``the 2005 Rules'') in an effort to partly solve the problems. This paper will give a brief introduction about the letter of credit's operation, the law regulating the letter of credit in international trade as well as illustrate the specify law for the fraud rule in letter of credit law in P.R.C by emphasizing the history and summarizing the structure of the fraud rule. Thenceforward, the author will evaluate the case study in Vietnam to show the situation of Vietnam in these days and giving recommendations.

Pengembangan Kemitraan Koperasi, Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil (KUMK) Dengan Usaha Menengah/Besar Untuk Komoditi Unggulan Lokal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Business Partnership ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Business Entities

Basically a natural partnership will achieve its goal if mutual requirements, mutual reinforcement, and mutual benefit can be maintained and made a strong fundamental commitment among partners. Nevertheless the development seems very slow. The cause is the presence of specific and different conditions and structure factors compared to other countries. Along with that, we still encounter various forms of gaps, such as inequality among regions, among income groups, between sectors, among economic actors, and so forth. The next problem is that in business entities including cooperatives and micro and small enterprises in running their business activities requires business partnerships with medium and large enterprises in order to improve business performance and business scale. While on the other hand our economic conditions and structures are not yet fully conducive to fostering partnerships based on purely business considerations or competitive market motivations but the business partnership of the foundation is strong enough in our country's constitution. Partnerships will work if partners are equally benefiting. Our concept of partnership is like that, although in the short term, there is a party or a party benefiting more from the other side.

Industrial Technology Graduates’ Acquired Skills and Competencies from the University

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Amado C Gequinto ◽  
Do Mads
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Method

Skills and competencies are highly regarded in todays global market. Different agencies specifically those seeking for  technologists, technicians, and engineers, have stressed out that skills and competencies as major components  for individual workers.  This aimed to determine  the relevance and appropriateness of acquired skills and competencies by industrial technology graduates, and determine the extent of use of skills and competencies in the current employment. Review of related literatures and studies have been considered in the realization, understanding, analysis, and interpretation of this research exploration. A descriptive method of research was used with 78 graduates from 2015-2016 and 117 graduates from 2016-2017, who participated in the study survey process. The BatStateU Standardized Questionnaire was used to gather data. A brief interview and talk during the visit of alumni in the university was also considered, as well as the other means of social media like email, facebook, messenger, and text messaging.   Results show that skills and competecnices acquired by industrial technology graduates are all relevant and appropriate.  The study also found that there is some to great extent use of acquired skills and competencies to their current employment. The study implies that the acquired skills and competencies from the university significantly provided the graduates the opportunities ins the national and global markets and industries.

Analisis Efektivitas Distribusi Zakat Produktif Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Mustahik (Studi Kantor Cabang Rumah Zakat Sumatera Utara)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Mulkan Syah Riza
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to explain how the distribution of productive zakat in the Rumah Zakat North Sumatra and how the effectiveness of productive zakat distribution in improving the welfare of mustahik in the Rumah Zakat North Sumatra. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive method, which is a problem that guides researchers to explore and photograph situations that will be thoroughly investigated, broadly and deeply. Data collection techniques with field research, while the tools used are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study inform that in distributing productive zakat funds, Rumah Zakat is in accordance with Law No. 23 of 2011 concerning Management of Zakat. The distribution of productive zakat carried out by the Rumah Zakat North Sumatra through the Senyum Mandiri Program to mustahik in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict has been effective, because it can improve the welfare of mustahik, this is evidenced by the income of eight of thirteen mustahik people in total, five people whose income is fixed and four out of eight people whose income has increased has reached the level of muzaki.

Makna Budaya Lagu Daerah Tontemboan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Rawung
Keyword(s):  
Observation Point ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Deep Meaning ◽  
Traditional Songs ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Power Of God

Kapoya village is located in SouthMinahasa precisely in the District Suluun-Tareran. Problems of this research,what is the folk songs in Tontemboan areas that exist in Kapoya village andwhat is the function, what cultural meanings contained in the Tontemboan folksongs, and why villagers of Kapoya still sing the Tontemboan folk songs basedon their reflected the mindset. The purpose of this study is to identify the Tontemboanfolk songs and explain its function, explains the cultural meaning of theTontemboan folk songs, and explain the reason for the villagers of Kapoya stillsing the Tontemboan folk songs based on their reflected the mindset.This study used descriptive method withqualitative approach. The observation point chosen five informants. The firstone as the main informant and the other as a companion. In this study,collected twenty-seven folk songs in Tontemboan.In terms of meaningful culturalTontemboan folk songs in the Kapoya village and their functions, which consistsof 27 traditional songs and their functions. In terms of cultural meaningscontained in Tontemboan folk songs have some deep meaning, such as the peopleof Kapoya village who believe in the power of God as the Creator, the publicbelieves that happen compassion into the new year is a joy to remember therelatives and siblings. In terms of folk songs sung reason thatis the mindset of the villagers of Kapoya, namely as guidelines, instructions,and the correct way for a person to live a life based onwhat he believes and meaningful bring compassion, happy, respectful, and proudof the life lived in the Kapoya village.Keywords: Culture, Tontemboan, Kapoya

scholarly journals Kajian Kalimat Efektif pada Laporan Berita Reporter Metro TV

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Marieta Bona Devita ◽  
I G.N.K. Putrayasa ◽  
I Made Madia
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
News Report ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Informal Method ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research entitled “The News Report of Metro TV Reporter: The research of effective sentence”. The aim of this research was to find out the description, error, and percentage of effective and ineffective sentence in the news report of Metro TV reporter. The used theory refer to some ideas from the experts, those are Keraf (1980), Razak (1986), Sugono (2001), Putrayasa (2014), and Agency of Language Development and Coaching (2014). The used method to collect the data in this research was observation method, then the data was analyzed with qualitative descriptive method, quantitative method, and agih method. Method of presenting analyzed data that used in this research were formal and informal method. Data source in this research was from twelve videos of news report of Metro TV reporter in 2018. The result of this research showed that Metro TV reporter's understanding of the use of effective sentences reach 30, 22% from 12 news reports. This is proven by the discovery of 97 ineffective sentences out of 139 sentences. The error of ineffective sentence in news report of Metro TV reporter was divided into four kinds, those were the accuracy of information 7 sentences (5.03%), stiffness 6 sentences (4,32%), efficiency 48 sentences (34.53%), multiple errors and plural 36 sentences (25.90%). The total percentage of the error ineffective sentence as a whole was 69.78%. Based on this percentage, the highest frequency of errors was in the aspect of efficiency.

International Trade and Protection of the Environment: The Continuing Search for Reconciliation

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Before 1991, the relationship between the protection of the environment and international trade was an arcane specialty that attracted little attention. In 1971 the GATT Council established a Working Group on Environmental Measures and International Trade. This group did not even meet for over twenty years.Everything changed with the decision in the Tuna/Dolphin I case, in which a GATT dispute resolution panel declared a United States embargo on tuna caught by fishing methods causing high dolphin mortality to be illegal. The Tuna/Dolphin I decision produced an explosion of rhetoric in both learned journals and the popular press. It was also a very interesting clash of very different “cultures,” trade specialists versus environmentalists. At die outset, neither group knew much about the other. Now, however, the legal and political issues have been identified and ventilated, mutual understanding has increased, and the process has begun to reconcile two values that are absolutely essential to the well-being of mankind: protection of the environment and international free trade.

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