Obesity: A Risk Factor of Preeclampsia

Background: Obesity is a major epidemic of developed world that is now extending to developing countries and is the risk factor of pre-eclampsia which is the major contributor to maternal and foetal morbidity & mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of preeclampsia in obese primigravida women visiting the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from January 2018 to December 2018. All the Primigravida women with singleton pregnancy of gestational age ≥ 26 weeks assessed by ultrasound between 20-35 years of age were included in the study by non-probability consecutive method. After obtaining ethical approval from hospital ethical committee and informed written consent from all the study subjects, relevant data were documented in a predefined data sheet and body mass index (BMI) was calculated by using the formula: Weight (kg) / Height2 (m). Women having blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 mmHg or above in third trimester of gestation measured on at least two occasions, 6 hours or more apart accompanied by proteinuria of 300 mg per 24 hours or above in previously normotensive were labelled as preeclampsia and first-time pregnant women having BMI ≥ 30 were taken as obese. Statistical analysis was performed by using computer-based software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows version 17.0. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for numerical data like age. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Chi-square test was performed to find the statistical difference regarding preeclampsia distribution between groups and ‘p’ value <0.05 was considered as a lowest level of significance. Results: Mean age of the respondents in the study was 27.08±3.59 years. Majority of the women were between the ages of 26-30 years (53.30%). The mean gestational age of the respondents was 34.50±4.33 weeks and most of the women had gestational age ≥ 36 weeks (46.70%). Frequency of obesity in pregnancy was 15.4% and frequency of preeclampsia in obese primigravida was 55.3%. Conclusion: It is concluded that frequency of preeclampsia is higher in obese primigravida compared to non-obese primigravida.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA DAN PENDIDIKAN IBU DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN KEHAMILAN DI KLINIK BUDI MULIA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2014

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v5i1.74 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rubiyati Rubiyati

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Care ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Survey Method ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Antenatal Care is the care given to pregnant woman to monitor, support maternal health and maternal detect, whether normal or troubled pregnant women. Aki in Indonesia amounted to 359 in 100.000 live births. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between age and education in the clinic Budi Mulia Medika 2014. This study used a survey method whit cross sectional analytic. This is the overall study population of women with gestational age ≥36 weeks who come to visit the clinic Budi Mulia Medika Palembang on February 10 to 18. The study sample was taken in non-random with the technique of “accidental smapling “ with respondents who happens to be there or variable. The obtained using univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test statistic. The results of the univariate analysis showed that 83,3% of respondents did according to the standard prenatal care, high risk age 40,0 %, 60,0% lower risk of age, higher education 70,0%, 30,0% low education. Bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship betwee age and pregnancy tests wit p value= 0,622, and significant relationship between education and prenatal care with p value= 0,019. From the results of this study are expected to need to increase outreach activities to the community about the importance of examination of pregnancy according to gestational age in an effort to reduse maternal mortality. ABSTRAK Antenatal Care merupakan pelayanan yang di berikan pada ibu hamil untuk memonitor, mendukung kesehatan ibu dan mendeteksi ibu, apakah ibu hamil normal atau bermasalah. Di Indonesia AKI berjumlah 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia dan pendidikan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan di klinik budi mulia medika tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalahseluruh ibu dengan usia kehamilan ≥ 36 minggu yang dating berkunjung ke Klinik Budi Mulia Medika pada tanggal 10-18 Februari. Sampel penelitian ini di ambil secara non random dengan tekhnik ‘’ Accidental Sampling’’ dengan responden yang kebetulan ada atau tersedia. Data yang di peroleh menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square. Hasil analisis univariat ini menunjukan bahwa 83,8% responden melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan sesuai standar, 16,7% tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan sesuai standar, usia resiko tinggi 40,0%, usia resiko rendah 60,0%, pendidikan tinggi 70,0 %, pendidikan rendah 30,0 %. Analisis bivariat menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara usia dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan p value =0,622, ada hubunngan bermakana antara pendidikan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan p value = 0,019. Dari hasil penelitian ini di harapkan perlu meningkatkan kegiatan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya dilakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan sesuai dengan umur kehamilan sebagai upaya menurunkan angka kematian ibu.

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Assessment of Knowledge on the Mode of Transmissions and Preventions of Hepatitis-B Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria

Social Behavior Research & Health ◽

10.18502/sbrh.v5i1.6729 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fasoranti Afolabi Joseph

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage

Background: Hepatitis B, which is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a global health problem that has resulted in high morbidity and mortality with knowledge and awareness about the occurrence and mode of transmissions relatively low among the populace. Therefore, this study examined knowledge on the mode of transmission and preventions of hepatitis B among undergraduate students in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive research was used, and a multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select three hundred respondents which comprised male and female from three tertiary institutions in Lagos state in 2019. Hepatitis B Knowledge Questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.74 was used for data collection. The descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages was used to analyse the demographic characteristics of respondents while the chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables Results: The results revealed that a high proportion of the respondents had poor knowledge about the transmission and prevention of hepatitis B.. The result revealed that the p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically insignificant. Therefore, the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between gender and hepatitis B Conclusion: A critical level of public awareness and vaccination coverage, particularly among students, is essential to decrease Lagos' burden.

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Hubungan Usia Menarche dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI Angkatan 2013 dan 2014

Majalah Sainstekes ◽

10.33476/ms.v5i1.856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anisa Fikriani ◽

Qomariyah Qomariyah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Menarche ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Age Of Menarche

Girls who undergo early menarche have excess body weight and heightcompared to that experienced normal menarche or late. The prevalenceof early menarche in Indonesia in 2010 was 20,9%. Research conductedby Hyun Ju et al, showed that early menarche is a risk factor for obesityin adulthood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ageof menarche with body mass index (BMI) at the Faculty of Medicinestudent YARSI force from 2013 to 2014 involving 87 female studentswere willing to become respondents to fill out questionnaires that havebeen provided as well as measuring the height and weight, researchconducted in YARSI in 2016 with cross sectional research methods. Theresults of statistical calculation using the Pearson chi-square test showedthe p value of 0.000 (P value 0.005), which means h0 rejected, thisproves that there is a relationship between the age of menarche withbody mass index in the student of the Faculty of Medicine YARSI force in2013 and 2014. Obesity is a risk factor in children who undergo earlymenarche therefore girls who undergo early menarche should maintain anutritionally balanced diet and exercise regularly.

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A comparative analysis of lung function and spirometry parameters in genotype-controlled natives living at low and high altitude

10.21203/rs.3.rs-900188/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esteban Ortiz-Prado ◽

Sebastián Encalada ◽

Johanna Mosquera ◽

Katherine Simbaña-Rivera ◽

Lenin Gomez-Barreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

High Altitude ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Respiratory Physiology ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Restrictive Pattern

Abstract BackgroundThe reference values for lung function are associated to anatomical and lung morphology parameters, but anthropometry it is not the only influencing factor: altitude and genetics are two important agents affecting respiratory physiology. Altitude and its influence on respiratory function has been studied independently of genetics, considering early and long-term acclimatization.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate lung function through a spirometry study in autochthonous Kichwas permanently living at low and high-altitude.MethodologyA cross-sectional study of spirometry differences between genetically matched lowland Kichwas from Limoncocha (230 m) at Amazonian basin and high-altitude Kichwas from Oyacachi (3,180 m) in Andean highlands. Chi-square method was used to analyze association or independence of categorical variables, while Student’s t test was applied to comparison of means within quantitative variables. ANOVA, or in the case that the variables didn’t meet the criteria of normality, Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare more than two groups.ResultsPeople from Oyacachi (high altitude) showed a higher predicted values than those from Limonocha (low altitude). The FVC and the FEV1 were significantly greater among highlanders than lowlanders (p value < 0.001). The FEV1/FVC was significantly higher among lowlanders than highlanders for men and women. A restrictive pattern was found in 12.9% of the participants.ConclusionResidents of Oyacachi had greater lung capacity than their peers from Limoncocha, a finding physiologically plausible according to published literature. When analyzing the spirometric patterns obtained in these populations, it was evident that no person had an obstructive pattern, while on the other hand, the restrictive pattern appeared in Limoncocha and Oyacachi populations in 12.9% although it is clear that there is a predominance of this in the individuals belonging to Limoncocha.

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The Habit Of Using Blankets Or Sleepwear Uncompletely At Night As A Risk Factor For Filariasis In Primary School-Aged Children

Journal of Health ◽

10.30590/vol6-no2-p100-104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 100-104

Author(s):

Ikrimah Nafilata ◽

Praba Ginandjar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Primary School ◽

Open Space ◽

Primary School Children ◽

School Age Children ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Mosquito Nets

Filariasis is caused by 3 species of filarial worms and is transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. Pekalongan Regency is an endemic filariasis area with an Mf rate of >1%. The prevalence of filariasis in primary school children is 1.98% in Tirto and Buaran Subdistricts, the behavior of using blankets / complete clothing while sleeping at night in children needs to be studied further to prove the risk factors for filariasis. This study is a cross sectional analytic study, to prove the use of blankets / complete clothing during night sleep as a risk factor for the incidence of filariasis, using purposive samples of 84 samples of primary school age children in grades 3, 4, 5, 6. The stage of this research is finger blood screening using Immunochromatographic Card Test (ICT), indept interview and direct observation in Tirto and Buaran Subdistricts of Pekalongan Regency. The results of screening 17 positive and 67 negative filariasis were obtained. The results of the analysis using Chi Square did not use blankets / complete clothing while sleeping at night, p = 0,000 and POR = 10,967 (95% CI: 2,837-42,400). Not using mosquito nets when sleeping at night p value = 0.022 and POR = 4.527 (95% CI: 1.335-15.3353). The habit of playing in the open space / place of breeding / resting vector is obtained p = 0.830 and POR = 1.383 (95% CI: 0.401-4.764). Not using blankets / complete clothes while sleeping at night and not using mosquito nets while sleeping at night is a possible risk factor for filariasis in primary school-aged children.

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Hubungan Kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi

Jurnal Profesi Medika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.33533/jpm.v13i2.1274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Syahril Rafsanjani ◽

Asriati Asriati ◽

Andi Noor Kholidha ◽

La Ode Alifariki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Measurement Instrument ◽

Total Sample ◽

P Value ◽

Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Analytic Design

Eventyally this study aims to determine the correlation between HDL levels as a risk factor of hypertension. This research used observational analytic design with cross sectional approach. The independent variable was total cholesterol levels and the dependent variable was hypertension. The research was located in Selabangga Village, Moramo District with the total sample of 57 samples based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected by the purposive sampling method. These data were obtained by using a measurement instrument of HDL level (lipids Pro) and blood pressure measurement devices (aneroid sphygmomanometer). The result of data was processed by Chi Square statistic test and Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). The results of HDL research on hypertension found that from the 57 respondents, 34 respondents (56,9%) were hypertension and 25 respondents (43,9%) were hypertension whit HDL level at risk. Based on Chi-square statistical test, it was found that between HDL level and hypertension showed p value of 0.000 <α (0,05). While, the POR value of the HDL variable was 10,000 CI 95% 2,865-34,899. The conclusion of this study was the HDL level correlated as a risk factor for hypertension incidence.

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Assessment of Knowledge on the Mode of Transmissions and Preventions of Hepatitis-B Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria

Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health ◽

10.18502/jsbch.v5i1.6729 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fasoranti Afolabi Joseph

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage

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Can 5-minute Apgar score be considered as an additional independent risk factor for screening of retinopathy of prematurity?

Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine ◽

10.34172/jrcm.2020.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 4-4

Author(s):

Amir Eftekhari Milani ◽

Mohamad Reza Niyousha ◽

Ali Kiavar ◽

Hanieh Sakha ◽

Ali Mahdavi Fard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Minute Apgar Score

Introduction: Because of increasing the population of premature infants due to improving neonatal care we try to find other independent criteria in addition to birth weight and gestational age to reduce the number of infants who need a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening examination. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, included 150 preterm infants with gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks or birth weight ≤ 1500 g or receives oxygen therapy for more than 2 days, who were examined from the fourth week of life for ROP in Tabriz Al-Zahra hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), from March 2017 to January 2018. All infants with other risk factors such as multi gestational pregnancy, blood transfusion or exchange, phototherapy, underlying disease, cerebral hemorrhage, chronic lung disease and sepsis were excluded from the study. Infants divided to two group ROP (n=47) and non-ROP (n=133) and their 5-minute Apgar score was Apgar score was compared as an independent risk factor. Exploratory data analysis was performed using descriptive measures with independent samples t tests. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to test the normality of data distribution. Results: The mean 5-minute Apgar scores were statistically lower in ROP group (5.4±2.3) than non-ROP group 6.2±2.1 (P value=0.041). Conclusion: Apgar score was statistically significant, but in light of the very close results obtained, it seems prudent to consider an independent risk factor.

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Outcome of paracetamol poisoning after treatment with intravenous or oral N-acetylcysteine.

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v16i2.17407 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Raj Kumar Thapa ◽

Kanchan KC ◽

Rishi Khatri ◽

Rajeeb Deo ◽

Arun Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Clinical Cure ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Paracetamol (PCM) is one of the most common drug in clinical practice and it is generally safe for use at recommended doses. However, its overdose can cause mild hepatotoxicity to severe hepatic necrosis and even hepatic failure. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the standard recommended antidote for PCM poisoning which is available in both intravenous (IV) and oral formulations. This study aimed to measure outcome in PCM poisoning after treatment with oral or IV NAC.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 50 consecutive patients presented within 72 hours of PCM poisoning. Comparative outcomes measured in correlation of dynamics of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and prothrombin time along with development of adverse drug reactions and clinical cure rate. Comparison of categorical variables by Chi-square test and Fisher's test and the comparison of mean between groups by Student's t-test with p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Among 50 cases 20 (40%) were treated with oral NAC and 30 (60%) with IV NAC. PCM poisoning was more common in young adults (15-30 years) with mean age of 19 (n=43; 86%) and most of them had taken with an intent of suicide (n=47; 94%). Majority of patients were asymptomatic at presentation with female preponderance (M:F=1:4; 80%). There was no statistical difference in both the treatment groups and as an outcome measure there were no severe liver enzymes derangement, no serious adverse drug reactions and 100% clinical cure rate.Conclusion: NAC in both IV and oral forms are equally effective as an antidote in PCM poisoning.

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Lifestyle after seven years of post ischemic coronary event: cross-sectional study

Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia ◽

10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v9i1.2247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Iana Verena Santana Albuquerque ◽

Cristina Aires Brasil ◽

Amanda Queiroz Lemos ◽

Francisco Tiago Oliveira de Oliveira ◽

Luciana Bilitário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Accelerated Aging ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Coronary Event ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Individual

BACKGROUND: The population’s accelerated aging process and unhealthy lifestyle imply in the appearance of comorbidities, thus leading to the loss of functional capacity, limiting the individual in labor, recreational and social activities. The magnitude of the problem reflects on the importance of multidisciplinary programs, awakening the need to change lifestyle, especially in individuals who have suffered a long-term ischemic event. OBJECTIVE: To compare the lifestyle of individuals after seven years of ischemic coronary event. METHOD: This is a retrospective cohort composed of individuals with Ischemic Coronary Syndrome (ICS) Inclusion criteria: participants from a previous study, in the period from April 2006 to January 2007. After the consent, a brief interview was performed by telephone contact, with the following questions: sociodemographic data; comorbidities; Lifestyle; number of hospitalizations due to cardiac problems; presence of chest pain. The categorical variables presented in terms of absolute frequency, while the numerical data, in terms of mean and standard deviation (XD ± SD). The McNemar test for comparison of the categorical variables paired and chi-square test for comparison of the categorical variables, p ≤ 0.05. CAAE: 05874112.9.0000.5544. RESULTS: We highlight the most prevalent comorbidities, Hypertension 24 (80%), Dyslipidemia 21 (70%), Diabetes 14 (46.6%). After seven years event, there was an increase in hypertensive patients (p = 0.01) in contrast smokers reduction (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Although the individuals have modified two significant lifestyles such as the relevant, hypertension and smoking, the studied population maintains high rates of cardiovascular risk factors, necessitating an intervention by the multidisciplinary team.

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