scholarly journals Insights into dog owner perspectives on risks, benefits, and nutritional value of raw diets compared to commercial cooked diets

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10383
Author(s):  
Alysia Empert-Gallegos ◽  
Sally Hill ◽  
Philippa S. Yam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nutrition Risk ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Repeated Words

Background The practice of feeding a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) to dogs is a topic of increasing interest to owners and veterinary professionals alike. Despite the research around the practice, particularly about the risk of nutritional imbalances and microbial contamination, an increasing number of dog owners are adopting a raw diet for their dogs. This study expands the research into owner motivations for feeding RMBDs and cooked diets and asks them their opinions about risk and nutritional value. Methods An anonymized, online, internationally accessible questionnaire was developed to ascertain owner perspectives on the risks, benefits, and nutritional value of commercially prepared and homemade RMBDs as compared with commercially prepared cooked diets (CCDs). Results The questionnaire was completed by 419 dog owners of diverse backgrounds across the world. Of the participants, 25.3% fed RMBDs. Just over 70.0% of all participants had spoken to their veterinarian about their dog’s nutrition. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked their veterinarian’s knowledge lower and their own knowledge of canine nutrition higher than owners who fed CCDs. They rated commercial and homemade RMBDs as highly nutritious 83.5% and 73.6% of the time, respectively, while only 12.5% rated CCDs as highly nutritious. Owners who fed CCDs ranked RMBDs as highly nutritious less often, but also only ranked CCDs as highly nutritious 52.7% of the time. All participants agreed that CCDs were low risk to human health. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked raw diets as highly risky to human or dog health under 20.0% of the time but deemed CCDs risky to animal health over 65.0% of the time. When asked about benefits of raw diets, the most repeated words offered by owners were “health”, “better”, “coat” and “teeth”. The most repeated risks presented were “bacteria”, “nutrition”, “risk” and “Salmonella”. Owners who fed RMBDs tended to use vague terminology like “health” and “better” when asked why they fed a raw diet. Owners who did not feed RMBDs used more specific terminology like “expensive”, “time” and “risk” when asked why they did not feed a raw diet. Overall, the two groups differed in their perceptions around RMBD and CCD feeding, which highlights the need for a better line of communication and education between veterinarians and owners.

HEALTH RISKS THAT CAT SCRATCH DISEASE CREATES IN HUMANS, CONTROL AND TREATMENT CHOICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Ali BİLGİLİ ◽  
Başak HANEDAN ◽  
Muhammet Haydar UYSAL
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

It is concluded that animal health affects directly human health considering the fact that major part of diseases in humans result from animals. Bartonella agents are isolated from humans, rodents, rabbits, dogs, ruminants, wild and domestic cats. Bartonella infections are most commonly seen in domestic cats. Cats are considered primary mammalian reservoir in the transmission of zoonotic Bartonella (B.) henselae and B. clarridgeiae infections. Bartonella, vector-borne pathogen commonly appeared in our country and the world, can cause from mild flu signs to severe diseases such as endocarditis, myocarditis, arthritis, hepatitis in humans and animals. After Bartonella infections are transmitted by fleas to cats, cats may remain chronically infected with bacteria for months or years and especially they can transmit the infection to humans by bites or scratches. Cats infected by Bartonella spp. without any clinical signs can transmit the infection to humans. In the context of this review in the light of mentioned knowledge, data were presented for prevalence situations belonging to regions and countries that Bartonella infection commonly occurs in Turkey and the world. In addition, knowledge was given obtained from recent scientific sources for transmission ways of bartonellosis, clinical signs that it causes in humans and animals, diagnosis methods, treatment and control.

scholarly journals Novel practice to produce safe and healthy dry fish using irradiated chitosan coating

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
M.L. Rahman ◽  
R. Barua ◽  
A.A. Jubayer ◽  
J.M.M. Islam ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Chitosan Coating

In Bangladesh, dry fishes are mostly produced by drying in an open environment under sunlight, and so the producers are forced to use insecticides and fungicides to prevent microbial and blowfly infestation. That is why dry fishes are often contaminated with residual insecticides and fungicides, which cause a severe threat to human health. In this experiment, gamma radiation treated chitosan solution was used while drying the fishes, and the effect was evaluated. Experimental results suggested that chitosan coating did not hinder the drying process but improved the quality of the produces. Chitosan coating was found as a repellant of blowflies as well. Besides, it also prevented microbial contamination. The nutritional value of the produced dry fishes was examined and found very satisfactory. Overall results suggested that the application of irradiated chitosan can be a very suitable and cost-effective way to produce safe and healthy dry fishes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Ethics of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Lisa Boden ◽  
Dominic Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections

Abstract Despite a large and rapidly growing volume of research activity and output, primarily on the biological bases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), epidemiological understanding of the causal mechanisms at play behind the apparent recent global rise in prevalence of AMR has, arguably, progressed very little. Despite this inconvenient fact, political imperative and expedience, among other drivers, have given substantial impetus to an interventionist approach against what are considered to be the culprits for the apparent growing prevalence of AMR and its impacts. Concern about the rise in prevalence of microbial infections that are resistant to therapeutic agents designed to kill them has arisen almost exclusively in relation to human health. (Public awareness and concern about antihelmintic resistance, for which the impacts are much more substantial for animal health, at least in developed temperate countries, are trivial by comparison). Nevertheless, antimicrobial drugs have been, and are, widely used in animal health and production throughout the world, and the contribution of this diverse usage to the ‘global AMR problem’ has historically been controversial. There is growing acceptance, notwithstanding the limitations in causal understanding noted previously, of AMR as an ecological problem of competing populations of microorganisms experiencing both natural and anthropogenic selection pressures in compartments that transcend species and other boundaries. Typifying what is described as a ‘One Health’ problem, AMR is therefore considered to be most amenable to conjoint mitigation efforts in all compartments: i.e. interventions in human health, animal health, food and the environment in a coherent manner. In animals, this calls into question the motivations and practices for antimicrobial drug usage, the majority of which are justified on the basis of promoting animal health and welfare and securing a food supply for a growing human population. Not surprisingly, there are great differences in animal husbandry and food demand, and in availability, access and regulation of antimicrobial usage in animals, and in surveillance of AMR, which are likely to be starkest between developed and developing countries. Thus, it is unlikely that the impacts of AMR, and the impacts of efforts to mitigate AMR that are directed to the ‘animal compartment’ of the ecosystem, will be felt equally across the world.

scholarly journals Biobanks – serum and cells – human and animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Lynda Wright
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The World

The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), CSIRO is a high-containment facility and a vital part of Australia's national biosecurity infrastructure. AAHL closely collaborates with veterinary and human health agencies globally, as approximately 70 per cent of emerging infectious diseases in people originate in animals. The facility is designed to allow scientific research into the most dangerous infectious agents in the world and contains a large collection of serum and cell lines.

scholarly journals Avian Influenza & Human Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Prosun Roy ◽  
SM Rashed-ul Islam ◽  
Farhana Rahman ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
The World

The world is now under human pandemic threat by avian influenza viruses. As the human, animal and the environment interact closely from the dawn of the civilization, human health is tremendously influenced by animal health and their health issues. In last few centuries the world has suffered a number of influenza pandemics killing millions of people such as Spanish Flu (1918), Asiatic or Russian Flu (1889-1890), Asian Flu (1957-1958) etc. The exceptional capability of genetic mutation of the influenza viruses offered threats to the whole world time to time. Like all other countries Bangladesh also not away from the heat of the situation. Human cases of avian influenza subtype H1N1, H3, H5N1, and H9N2 have already been reported from Bangladesh. This article reviews the information available on pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses. The article also sheds light on different avian influenza viruses along with some emphasis on clinical and preventive aspects of the avian influenza viral infections, and on avian influenza pandemic preparedness of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18839 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 35-38

Is International Law International?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Roberts ◽  
Martti Koskenniemi
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
South China ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
International Lawyer ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Anglo American

Is International Law International? takes the reader on a sweeping tour of the international legal academy to reveal some of the patterns of difference, dominance, and disruption that belie international law’s claim to universality. Both revealing and challenging, confronting and engaging, this book is a must-read for any international lawyer, particularly in a world of shifting geopolitical power. Pulling back the curtain on the “divisible college of international lawyers,” the author shows how international lawyers in different states, regions, and geopolitical groupings are often subject to differences in their incoming influences and outgoing spheres of influence in ways that affect how they understand and approach international law, including with respect to contemporary controversies like Crimea and the South China Sea. Using case studies and visual representations, the author demonstrates how actors and materials from some states and groups have come to dominate certain transnational flows and forums in ways that make them disproportionately influential in constructing the “international”—a point which holds true for Western actors, materials, and approaches in general, and Anglo-American ones in particular. But these patterns are set for disruption. As the world moves past an era of Western dominance and toward greater multipolarity, it is imperative for international lawyers to understand the perspectives of those coming from diverse backgrounds. By taking readers on a comparative tour of different international law academies and textbooks, the author encourages international lawyers to see the world through others’ eyes—an approach that is pressing in a world of rising nationalism.

The Compost Wars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
First World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Popular Audience ◽  
First World

After the death of Gabrielle Howard from cancer, Albert married her sister Louise. Louise had been pressured to leave Cambridge as a classics lecturer as a result of her pro-peace writings during the First World War. After working for Virginia Wolf, she then worked for the League of Nations in Geneva. Louise was herself an expert on labor and agriculture, and helped Albert write for a popular audience. Albert Howard toured plantations around the world advocating the Indore Method. After the publication of the Agricultural Testament (1943), Albert Howard focused on popularizing his work among gardeners and increasingly connected his composting methods to issues of human health.

scholarly journals The Honey Bee: An Active Biosampler of Environmental Pollution and a Possible Warning Biomarker for Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6481
Author(s):  
Marianna Martinello ◽  
Chiara Manzinello ◽  
Nicoletta Dainese ◽  
Ilenia Giuliato ◽  
Albino Gallina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Active Substances

Member states of the European Union are required to ensure the initiation of monitoring programs to verify honey bee exposure to pesticides, where and as appropriate. Based on 620 samples of dead honey bees—42 of pollen, 183 of honey and 32 of vegetables—we highlighted the presence, as analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection, of many active substances, mainly tau-fluvalinate, piperonyl butoxide, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, permethrin and imidacloprid. Among the active substances found in analyzed matrices linked to honey bee killing incidents, 38 belong to hazard classes I and II, as methiocarb, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and permethrin, thus representing a potential risk for human health. We have shown that, at different times between 2015 and 2020, during implementation of the Italian national guidelines for managing reports of bee colony mortality or depopulation associated with pesticide use, pesticide pollution events occurred that could raise concern for human health. Competent authorities could, as part of a One Health approach, exploit the information provided by existing reporting programs on honey bees and their products, in view of the close correlation to human health, animal health and ecosystem health.

scholarly journals Rapamycin: Drug Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Jiri Patocka ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Patrik Oleksak ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
The World

Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic with enormous consequences for human health and the world economy. Remdesivir is the only drug in the world that has been approved for the treating of COVID-19. This drug, as well as vaccination, still has uncertain effectiveness. Drug repurposing could be a promising strategy how to find an appropriate molecule: rapamycin could be one of them. The authors performed a systematic literature review of available studies on the research describing rapamycin in association with COVID-19 infection. Only peer-reviewed English-written articles from the world’s acknowledged databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer and Scopus were involved. Five articles were eventually included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that rapamycin seems to be a suitable candidate for drug repurposing. In addition, it may represent a better candidate for COVID-19 therapy than commonly tested antivirals. It is also likely that its efficiency will not be reduced by the high rate of viral RNA mutation.

scholarly journals The role of edible insects to mitigate challenges for sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Paula Correia ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Cristina A. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
World Population ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Strong Component ◽  
Human Food ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Recent Trends

Abstract This review is focused on the utilization of insects as a new opportunity in food and feed products, including their commercialization both in traditional and new markets. It has been suggested that insects are considerably more sustainable when compared with other sources of animal protein, thus alleviating the pressure over the environment and the planet facing the necessity to feed the world population, constantly increasing. Many chefs have adhered to the trend of using insects in their culinary preparations, bringing insects to the plan of top gastronomy, highlighting their organoleptic qualities allied to a recognized high nutritional value. However, in some markets, insects or insect-based products are not readily accepted because of neophobia and disgust. Moreover, the insect markets, farming, and commercialization are experiencing a huge growth, in which the domain of animal feed is undoubtedly a very strong component. The future of insects as human food and animal feed seems promising in view of the recent trends and challenges.

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