scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF WILHELM WUNDT IN LEIPZIG: HISTORY AND PRESENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-268
Author(s):  
Э.В. Тихонова
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Scientific Program ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Wilhelm Wundt ◽  
History Of ◽  
German City

Текст данной статьи прозвучал в качестве содоклада на заседании лаборатории истории психологии и исторической психологии ИП РАН в феврале 2020 г. Автор обращается к истории открытия в 1879 г. Вильгельмом Вундтом в городе Лейпциг первой в мире экспериментальной психологической лаборатории. Анализируются предпосылки использования экспериментального метода для изучения психических явлений, раскрывается роль Вундта в становлении экспериментального направления в психологии и психологии как отдельной самостоятельной науки. Рассматриваются основные положения научной программы развития психологии Вундта, его взгляд на психику и методы её исследования. Дается оценка роли лаборатории в развитии мировой психологической науки и в подготовке профессиональных кадров. Описывается судьба лаборатории, в том числе и на современном этапе. Автор приводит уникальные сведения об экспозиции Музея Вундта при Лейпцигском университете на основании личного опыта его посещения в декабре 2019 г. The content of the paper was performed on the meeting of the laboratory of history of psychology and historical psychology IP RAS on February 2020 devoted to the W. Wundt anniversary. In this paper the author addresses opening history in 1879 Wilhelm Wundt in the German city of Leipzig of the first-ever experimental psychological laboratory. Prerequisites of use of an experimental method for studying of the mental phenomena are analyzed, W. Wundt's role in formation of the experimental direction in psychology and psychology as separate independent science reveals. Basic provisions of the scientific program of development of psychology of W. Wundt, his view of mentality and methods of its research are considered. An assessment of a role of laboratory of W. Wundt in development of world psychological science and in training of professional staff is given. The fate of laboratory of W. Wundt is described, including - and at the present stage. The author provides unique data on an exposition of the Museum of W. Wundt at the Leipzig university based on personal experience of its visit in December 2019.

scholarly journals The Rose-Colored Glasses of Geriatric Fall Patients: Inconsistencies Between Knowledge of Risk Factors for and Actual Causes of Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142096788
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Collins ◽  
Arnav Chandra ◽  
Bryan Nguyen ◽  
Kurt Schultz ◽  
Pawan Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Walking Aids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fall Risks ◽  
Fatal Trauma ◽  
The Rose

Background: Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury, and most common cause of non-fatal trauma, among older adults. We sought to elicit older patient’s perspectives on fall risks for the general population as well as contributions to any personal falls to identify opportunities to improve fall education. Methods: Ten patients with a history of falls from inpatient trauma and outpatient geriatric services were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed independently by five individuals using triangulation and constant comparison (NVivo11, QSR International) to compare fall risks to fall causes. Results: All patients reported that either they (9/10 participants) or someone they knew (8/10) had fallen. Despite this, only two personally worried about falling. Patient perceptions of fall risks fell into seven major themes: physiologic decline (8/10); underestimating limitations (7/10); environmental hazards (7/10), lack of awareness/rushing (4/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (3/10); positional transitions (2/10), and improper footwear (1/10). In contrast, the most commonly reported causes of personal falls were lack of awareness/rushing (7/10), environmental hazards (3/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (2/10), improper footwear (2/10), physiologic decline (2/10), underestimating limitations (1/10) and positional transitions (1/10). In general tended to attribute their own falls to their surroundings and were less likely to attribute physical or psychological limitations. Conclusion: Despite participants identifying falls as a serious problem, they were unlikely to worry about falling themselves. Participants were able to identify common fall risks. However, when speaking about personal experience, they were more likely to blame environmental hazards or rushing, and minimized the role of physiologic decline and personal limitations.

scholarly journals Tracing the Roots of Cognitive Linguistics in Hermann Paul’s “Principles of the History of Language”

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Linguist ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of Hermann Paul’s ideas on the development of anthropocentric cognitive linguistics in Russia and Europe. The anthropocentric and pragmatic approaches to the study of language, related, in particular, to the consideration of language as “the language of the individual” and a product of personal experience, were formulated by the German linguist Hermann Paul (1846-1921) in his Principles of the History of Language (1920). In this important work, Paul argues that language development is driven by subjective, psychological factors, acknowledging the Man’s central role in the learning process (anthropocentrism). Viewing Paul’s position from the vantage point of modern linguistics, the article seeks to establish the rightness of the cognitive school in linguistics, provides a brief overview of Paul’s key ideas and concludes that he anticipated and formulated the main principles of the cognitive approach to language, namely: language as a product of individual experience, the role of individual notions in forming a word’s meaning, analogy as a mechanism of language acquisition, metaphor as a mechanism of learning and the connection of language with other mental processes.

Wilhelm Wundt: Psychology and Philosophy in Interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo de Freitas Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Wilhelm Wundt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Project

Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) is one of the most famous names in the history of psychology. After passing into oblivion for nearly 60 years, in recent decades he has been celebrated in general psychology textbooks as the founding father of scientific psychology. However, this traditional portrait is incomplete and can lead to misunderstandings, as his psychological program is primarily understood in terms of experimental psychology. In order to complete this traditional picture, two aspects of his work must be emphasized and clarified: the role of Völkerpsychologie as the counterpart of experimental or individual psychology, and the interaction between his psychological program and his philosophical project. The ultimate meaning of Wundt’s conception of scientific psychology cannot be understood in isolation from his broader philosophical goals. Reading Wundt from the point of view of such interaction offers a deeper understanding of his work.

Vying for credibility in the US Congress

Focaal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (46) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Ponte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Images Of Science

Throughout the debate in the United States Congress over whether vaccines cause autism, legitimizing symbols that index cultural values have played a prominent role in the establishment of credibility. While both sides sanctify the role of science in producing credibility, they draw on different images of what science is and where its legitimacy stems from. Those who favor the vaccine hypothesis frame science as a populist endeavor, the results of which are open to critique by all. Those against the vaccine hypothesis frame science as an elitist endeavor, the results of which may only be critiqued by fellow scientists. While both of these images derive their significance from the cultural history of the United States, they have a markedly different impact on the interpretation of evidence. From within the populist frame, personal experience and direct observation are highly valued. From within the elitist frame, epidemiological evidence trumps personal experience. Due to the incorporation of dueling images of science, the US debate over autism may be viewed as a debate between rival cultural values.

Land use and settlement history of the southern Inner Hebrides

1983 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 549-566
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Storrie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
River Valleys

SynopsisThe earliest evidence of prehistoric activity in Scotland comes from Jura. Most of Jura has been rather inimical to settlement, in comparison with other islands of the southern Inner Hebrides—Colonsay and Oronsay, Gigha and Cara, and Islay—all endowed with deposits more useful to man than Jura. Land use and settlement in these islands spread from the coasts into and up the river valleys until the first half of the19th century, after which they retreated. There have, however, been several waves of retreat and readvance.This paper assesses the present stage of research in the chronicle of these changes in the southern islands, pointing to some of the unanswered questions. The archaeological, onomastic and historical evidence is briefly examined against a slowly changing environment that has been relatively favourable, in a Hebridean context. Areal expansion, upward extension and intensified use of the land increased in momentum, with interruptions, after the late medieval period. The time of greatest change began just after the middle of the 18th century and lasted for another century.Elements of this change and its effects on settlement are discussed, using records and maps from private and official archives, topographic and other writings, and population and agrarian censuses. The important role of landlords, their agents and subsequent planners in instituting, and even containing, change is briefly assessed. In the southern Inner Hebrides an unusual, non-crofting landscape resulted: an estate, farming and sporting landscape, with, in the case of Islay, over a dozen industrial and service villages.The characteristic ‘Highland Problem’ of landscape and land use, increasingly ill-suited to the needs of later 19th and 20th century economy and society, has been less evident in these islands than in others in the Hebrides, although they now show disturbing trends. Present land use and settlement are briefly examined.

scholarly journals Production meetings at the enterprises of the Soviet industry in the 1920s-30s in the studies of Soviet, Russian and foreign historians

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Maksim V. Yermushin ◽  
Aleksey G. Mitrov ◽  
Gennadiy V. Belyayev
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Competition ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Work Study ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of

The article analyses the results of the historical research activities of productive meetings at the enterprises of Soviet industry in the 1920s-30s. Analysis of the historiography has allowed the authors highlighting the trends and stages of work study meetings. In the fi rst phase in the second half of the 1920s, the research focuses on the forms and methods of organisation of workers' self-government and its role in the life of enterprises. Subsequently, in the 1930s, the production meetings are considered as an element of socialist competition. At the third stage, in the 1950s-70s, historians focused on the role of production meetings in the development of political consciousness of workers. In 1980s-90s, interest in the study of this topic is reduced. At the present stage, due to the intensifi cation of the study of history of the working movement, the topic of production meetings has again become topical. The authors identify the tasks of further study of the history of production meetings.

scholarly journals It is the Spirit who gives life (John 6:63): Experience and the Formulation of Theology

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Olga Zaprometova
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Hildegard Of Bingen ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Real Presence ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
History Of

Abstract This paper was presented at the international conference “Theology of the Holy Spirit: Personal Experience and Charismatic Movements in Contemporary Churches” held in Sibiu (2014). Although the role of the charismatic experience in the history of Christianity is a well-known fact it is still of particular interest for today due to the growth of Pentecostalism and charismatic movements worldwide. By turning to Hildegard of Bingen and to Martin Luther for a better understanding of the “faith of the heart”, this study aims to emphasize faith not just as a matter of understanding God but rather as experiencing the real presence of the Holy One. A particular focus is on clarifying terms and seeking the understanding of one another’s positions on the issue of the Holy Spirit.

John Stow and Tudor Rebellions, 1549–1569

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrett L. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Propaganda ◽  
The Government ◽  
John Stow ◽  
First John

In recent years, historians have brought into sharper focus the role of rebellion in the political, social, and religious life of sixteenth-century England. Indeed, the Tudor dynasty established itself on the throne in 1485 as a result of a successful baronial rebellion, and each succeeding generation experienced a major rebellion as well as numerous lesser stirs and riots. Until the revival of interest in Tudor rebellions, the majority of historians preferred to portray the century as an era of law and order in which a strong but popular monarchy ruled over grateful and largely obedient subjects. Although contemporaries living in the sixteenth century knew of rebellion and popular disorder, often through direct personal experience, the government quite understandably opposed anything resembling impartial and disinterested study of the rebellions. Government propagandists denounced rebellion vigorously in royal proclamations and manifestos, while the clergy echoed similar themes from the pulpit. Of the two histories of rebellion published during the sixteenth century, the first, John Proctor's history of Wyatt's Rebellion, was unadulterated government propaganda, and the other, Alexander Neville's history of Kett's Rebellion, was a polemic written in Latin to guarantee a select readership. Without specialized books on rebellions, the literate public had one primary source of historical information, the general chronicles that appeared with greater frequency and variety as the century progressed.Although best known for hisSurvey of London, John Stow was the most prolific chronicler of the sixteenth century. Beginning with the brief octavoA Summary of English Chronicles, which appeared in 1565, Stow published no fewer than twenty-one editions and issues of chronicles in three different formats, the octavoSummary, a sextodecimo abridgment of theSummary, and the more substantialChroniclesandAnnales of Englandin quarto.

What is Deconstruction? An Interview with Jean-Luc Nancy

Derrida Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-253
Author(s):  
Federico Ferrari ◽  
Jean-Luc Nancy (translated by Filippo Pietrogrande)
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Future ◽  
Philosophical Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

In this interview 1 , Jean-Luc Nancy retraces the origin, the affirmation and the trivialisation of deconstruction: from its point of departure in Heidegger's project of the destruction of the history of ontology, to its attachment to Derrida's philosophical style; from its quick dissemination in the American universities and its adoption as a method of textual critique, to its gradual banalisation in common discourse as a synonym of ‘demolition’. All this is discussed through the lens of Nancy's personal experience, with particular attention to the historical background and some insights into the origins of the project of a deconstruction of Christianity, the relation between deconstruction and différance and the future role of deconstruction.

scholarly journals Military scientific libraries at the First All-Russia Congress of Libraries (On 110-th anniversary of the Congress)

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
A. M. Panchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Libraries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

For the first time, the findings of the comprehensive study of the contribution of military scientific libraries to the First All-Russia Congress of Libraries held on June 1-7, 1911, are published. The study was based on archival and prerevolutionary published sources. Four participation forms are distinguished: 1) preparation for the congress (leading role in various commissions organizational, preparatory commission for academic and special libraries, presidium of the section of public, academic and special libraries, as well as in the development of questionnaires for academic libraries); 2) work at the congress (speeches delivered by A. R. Voynich-Syanozhentsky and S. D. Maslovsky, discussions, chairing sections, secretarial responsibilities at the sections); 3) activity at the exhibition (presentations); 4) analysis and evaluation of the congress and its results. The study enabled to specify, systematize and significantly expand the knowledge of the role of military scientific libraries in preparation, organization and work of the First All-Russia Congress of Libraries. The historical experience of joint efforts of military and other library types evidences on the efficiency of such cooperation and the need to use it at the present stage.The findings will be useful for the professionals at military scientific and scientific libraries developing cooperation, as well as for researchers investigating into the history of military libraries, and organizers of library events, e.g. congresses, forums, congresses, symposia, assemblies.

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