scholarly journals Structural and regional characteristics of the world retail trade leaders

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Olha Kavun-Moshkovska
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
European Model ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Rich Countries

The state of development of world retail trade through the prism of the TOP 250 retailers functioning is considered in the article. As part of the study the main performance indicators of Top 250 retailers for 2013-2020 have been analyzed. The world's leading retail trade networks have been performing positive dynamics of their development and a slight increase in the values of indicators. This might take place due to the stabilization of the level of globalization of retail trade as the result of active development of e-commerce and m-commerce. Retailers were also affected by such negative macroeconomic factors as slow economic growth in major developed economies, high levels of debt in emerging countries, deflation or low inflation in rich countries, a protectionist backlash against globalization, troubled credit markets in some countries, and worsening demographics in many countries. The size of retail revenue in 2020 helped us define five groups of trade networks. In addition, we determined the share of Top 250 companies by region/country in 2013-2019 and their revenue. The companies from Europe and North America have shown leading positions in the structure of Top-250 retailers in terms of retail revenue share in 2013-2019. The analysis of the features of expansion policy manifestation by trade structures, depending on the region of their origin, have been conducted. The European trade networks, which in 2019 were present on average in 18.3 countries has demonstrated the largest internationalization. The structure of Top 250 companies by product sector is considered as well. FMCG companies were dominated in the structure of the Top 250 retailers. Special attention has also paid to determining the place of European retailers in the Top 250 in the framework of the European model of retail development. This model assumes an active presence of trade networks in the markets of foreign countries.

Connecting the poor: the internet, mobile phones and financial inclusion in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Evans
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
The Internet ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The increased adoption of internet-enabled phones in Africa has caused much speculation and optimism concerning its effects on financial inclusion. Policymakers, the media and various studies have all flaunted the potentials of internet and mobile phones for financial inclusion. An important question therefore is “Can the internet and mobile phones spur the inclusion of the financially excluded poor? This study therefore aims to examine the relationship and causality between internet, mobile phones and financial inclusion in Africa for the 2000-2016 period. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis followed these three steps: examination of the stationarity of the variables; testing for the cointegration; and evaluation of the effects of the internet and mobile phones on financial inclusion in Africa for the 2000-2016 period using three outcomes of panel FMOLS approach and Granger causality tests. Findings The empirical evidence shows that internet and mobile phones have significant positive relationship with financial inclusion, meaning that rising levels of internet and mobile phones are associated with increased financial inclusion. There is also uni-directional causality from internet and mobile phones to financial inclusion, implying that internet and mobile phones cause financial inclusion. The study also shows that macroeconomic factors such as capital formation, primary enrollment, bank credit, broad money, population growth, remittances, agriculture and interest rate, as well as institutional factors such as regulatory quality are important underlying factors for financial inclusion in Africa. Originality/value In the literature, there is a dearth of research on the internet, mobile phones and financial inclusion, especially in Africa. Most of the related studies are conceptual and micro-based, with little empirical attention to the relationship and causality between internet, mobile phones and financial inclusion. In fact, this dearth of rigorous empirical studies has been attributed as the main cause of inadequate policy guidance in enhancing information communication technologies (Roycroft and Anantho, 2003), despite saturation levels in developed economies. This study fills the gap by evaluating the effects of the Internet and mobile phones on financial inclusion for 44 African countries for the 2000-2016 period.

Operational Structure of Multinational Enterprises in Africa

2016 ◽  
pp. 329-350
Author(s):  
Edet E. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Capital Outlay ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Foreign Affiliates

The operational structures of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in Africa, a developing and emerging economy do not necessarily differ from those of the developed or even Less Developed Economies (LDEs) except in few areas such as size and capital outlay. Meanwhile, both MNEs of African origin and those which originate from outside Africa do have salient attributes: they have many foreign affiliates or subsidiaries in foreign countries; they operate in a wide variety of countries around the globe; the proportion of assets, revenues, or profits is high; their employees, stockholders, owners, and managers are from many different countries; and they are involved in much more than merely establishing sales office, but incorporate a full range of manufacturing, research and development activities. This chapter examined operational structures of MNEs with focus on meaning, attributes, financing, exchange rate risk and international financial investment, strategies for improved financing and outlay of MNEs in selected African countries.

Medieval shifts in the balance of power.

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Hanseatic League ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Silk Route

Abstract This chapter has eleven subsections that explain the context of the European political economy and trade during the late medieval period. The subchapters are about the late medieval European economy, spices in medieval cuisine, spices in medieval medicine, silk in medieval Europe, the world system in the thirteenth century, the Venetian trading empire, the Catalonian trade networks, the Hanseatic League, internal European trade and the Champagne Fairs, Genghis Khan and reopening of the silk route, and the end of the Crusader states and Muslim trade.

scholarly journals International Stock Market Integration and Its Economic Determinants: A Study of Indian and World Equity Markets

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedarnath Mukherjee ◽  
R K Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Trading Partners

During the periods of globalization and deregulation, it has become very common for the equity market of a country to respond to the equity movements of its international trading partners from all over the world. The effort, trying to achieve in this study, relates to how Indian equity market responds to the equity price movements of other countries and vice versa. Also, the possible forces behind such interdependence among the markets are investigated. Daily closing prices of all the major equity indices from a sample of 23 countries, including India, for a period of 16 years starting from 1990 to 2005 have been used to assess the co-movement of prices among the markets. The results reveal the following : Apart from exhibiting significant annual contemporaneous measures or same day intermarket relationship among India and most of the other foreign countries, the contemporaneous feedback statistics also reveals an increasing tendency in the degree of integration among the markets over a period of time, leading to a greater co-movements and therefore higher market efficiency at the international scenario. Except for Sri Lanka and Sweden, there is a significant contemporaneous flow of information among India and 20 other foreign countries. The countries from the same region are found to be more integrated than those from the different regions. As far as the unidirectional feedback measures are concerned, though most of the measures for the whole study period are found to be significant, only few annual measures exhibit statistical significance. Interestingly, India has been found to play a stronger leading role for the countries in the Asian region except for Pakistan, Philippines, and Singapore, during the entire study period. At the same time, USA and other five out of ten European countries have been found to strongly lead the Indian market during the same period. But, unlike the contemporaneous measures, there is no fixed trend (either increasing or decreasing) in the movements of the annual unidirectional feedback measures. Thus it is very difficult to conclude that any specific market consistently leads or follows the other market. As far as the pooled regression results are concerned, out of various macroeconomic factors, only some of them including the time trend are found to be significant in assessing the contemporaneous inter-market relation. At the same time, none of the macroeconomic factors, except the volatility in bi-lateral exchange rate and volatility differential among the two markets, are found to be statistically significant in explaining the unidirectional lead-lag relationship among the markets.

scholarly journals MARKETING PRICING POLICY OF RETAIL CHAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-107
Author(s):  
LABURTSEVA Olena
Keyword(s):  
Retail Trade ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
General Level ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Retail Chains

Background. The problems of marketing pricing policy in the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are attracting more and more attention. In particular, there is a need for a theoretical generalization of the pricing practice of retail chains. Analysis of recent research and publications has revealed that theproblem of analysis of the practice of formation and implementation of pricing policy by retail chains in Ukraine is not solved. The aim of the article is to form a methodical approach to the analysis of marketing pricing policy of retail chains in the Ukrainian market, determining their price positioning, as well as tools for differentiating price proposals through promotions and loyalty programs. Materials and methods. Materials of 13 scientific works were used. Methods of calcu­lation of relative and average values were used to determine the price positioning of retail chains; comparison and grouping were used to systematize price promotions and loyalty programs; logical method was used to formulate conclusions about the peculiarities of marketing pricing of retail chains. Results. The essence and basic decisions of marketing pricing policy are consi­dered. A methodical approach to the analysis of the pricing policy of retail trade networks is proposed. The price positioning of the leading food retail chains, the features of their price actions and loyalty programs are determined. Conclusion. The pricing policy of retail chains is aimed at diversifying prices for the buyers in order to complicate competitive comparisons, but in the general level of pri­ces and tools for their differentiation there is a tendency to the strategic positioning of each chain.

scholarly journals MARKETING COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF RETAIL ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (9) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Olena LABURTSEVA ◽  
◽  
Halyna ALDANKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Communications System

The actual problem of marketing communications management of Ukrainian retailers from the point of view of the system approach is considered. It is shown that the specificity of these marketing communications is determined both by the goals they are aimed at, and by means of communication. The objectives of marketing communications are: formation of the brand image of retailer, attracting consumers to visit places of sale, incentive to make a purchase, promotion of consumer satisfaction and ensuring the consumer loyalty. The main types of marketing communications are advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, integrated marketing communications at places of sale and personal sales. Within each type, subspecies of traditional and electronic communications are singled out. A systemic approach to managing marketing communications in the modern conditions should be based on the principles of purposefulness, customer focus, specificity, integration, interactivity, individualization, optimality and social ethics. At the same time, the success of communications is determined primarily by the extent to which they are convenient and useful to consumers. To implement these principles, it is proposed to implement in the process of managing the marketing communications system of retail enterprises such specific functions as marketing researches of consumer attitudes towards communications, adjustment of communications based on research results and forecasting the communicative effects. Approbation of the proposed methodological approach is made using data of enterprises of retail trade networks, which carry out sales of household electrical goods, information and communication equipment. It has been established that trade networks are now more intensively using less important for consumers types of communications, and vice versa. Changing the structure of the marketing communications system taking into account the benefits of consumers will improve the indicators of the communicative effects of marketing communications; this will enhance the competitiveness and economic efficiency of retail businesses in Ukraine.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN PERBANKAN BERBASIS NILAI: DAMPAK PADA PENGEMBALIAN PEMEGANG SAHAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-499
Author(s):  
Ahfi Nova Ashriana
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Value Based Management ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Loan Losses

In this study, we analyzed the drivers of Total Shareholder Revenue (TSR) at commercial banks and evaluated whether non-adopter TSR performed better by Value-Based Management (VBM) banks. TSR models using data from 132 commercial banks registered in Europe and North America are estimated. First, we point out that banking institutions that have publicly implemented VBM in their MCS outperform non-VBM banks. VBM adopters produce annual TSR with an average of 5.8 percentage points. In terms of profitability, growth and liquidity, they also outperform non-VBM banks. Second, we note that banking companies concentrate on key performance indicators (KPIs) such as cost-of-income ratios which are suboptimal TSR indicators. We propose the implementation of indicators closer to TSR, such as asset repayment or the provision of loan losses. In their MCS, to date few banks have considered such KPIs (10 percent -45 percent). The shift to KPIs we propose can further improve the performance of VBM adopters. Our findings stabilized before and after the 2008 financial crisis when we monitored macroeconomic factors.

scholarly journals Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to indigenous populations driven by historical European trade in the South Pacific

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire V. Mulholland ◽  
Abigail C. Shockey ◽  
Htin L. Aung ◽  
Ray T. Cursons ◽  
Ronan F. O’Toole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The South ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
European Trade

AbstractThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineage 4 (L4), also known as the “Euro-American” lineage, is the most widely dispersed of the seven human adapted lineages. L4 is comprised of ten sublineages including L4.4, which has a moderate global distribution and is the most common L4 sublineage in New Zealand. We have used a phylodynamics approach and a dataset of 236 global M. tuberculosis genomes to trace the origins and dispersal of L4.4 strains in New Zealand that are predominantly found in Māori and Pacific people. We identify an L4.4.1.1 sublineage clade of European origin, likely French, that is prevalent in indigenous populations in both New Zealand and Canada. Molecular dating suggests that expansion of European trade networks in the early 19th century led to dispersal of this clade to the South Pacific. We also identify historical and social factors within the region that have contributed to the local spread and expansion of these strains, including recent Pacific migrations to New Zealand and the rapid urbanization of Māori in the 20th century. Our results offer new insight into the dispersal of M. tuberculosis in the South Pacific region and provide a striking example of the role of historical European migrations in the dispersal of M. tuberculosis.Author SummaryTuberculosis kills more people worldwide than any other infectious disease and indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by the disease. Here, we have used a large global dataset of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial genomes to trace the historical origins of tuberculosis strains in New Zealand that are most frequently found in Māori and Pacific people. These strains are locally known as the ‘Rangipo’ and ‘Otara’ strains (both Māori place names) and belong to the “Euro-American” lineage of M. tuberculosis. Via genome analysis, we find that these strains are closely related to M. tuberculosis strains found in indigenous populations in Canada that have a European origin. We used a molecular dating approach (a molecular clock) to infer the ages of these strains and date divergence events. The timing we infer corresponds to the introduction of these strains to Polynesia via expanding European trade networks in the South Pacific in the early 19th century and suggests that the Otara strain has migrated to New Zealand from the Pacific Islands multiple times. Our results provide insight into human social phenomena underlying the expansion and dispersal of M. tuberculosis and reassert the important role of European colonial migrations in the global dispersal of the M. tuberculosis Euro-American lineage. This work also highlights the pejorative and stigmatizing mislabelling of the New Zealand strains with indigenous Māori place names, suggesting that these strains should be renamed.

scholarly journals Modeling of the System of Evaluation of Retail Enterprises on the Basis of KPI and Process Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
O. S. Podskrebko ◽  
◽  
N. O. Ivanchenko ◽  
V. V. Tkachenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Retail Enterprise

The article proposes a model for evaluating the activities of retail enterprise, which is based on five stages and allows determining ways to increase the efficiency of functioning, which will improve the adaptive properties of the economic object. The analysis of types of KPI is carried out, process and functional approaches are identified as the main ones for the direct development of key performance indicators, as well as the characteristics of the evaluation of effective marketing at enterprises, including those that function in the sphere of retail trade, are determined. The authors considered how modeling and forecasting of key financial indicators of an enterprise contribute to the creation of strategies for its development. The article notes that for the initial evaluation of a retail enterprise focused on long-term success, it is mandatory to conduct an audit aimed at assessing the efficiency of the economic object and defining how quickly the enterprise adapts to dynamic environmental conditions. The carried out analysis allowed to identify the key factors that contribute to an improvement of the enterprise’s operation. Also, on the example of the Isikawa diagram, the ratio of KPI, strategies and understanding of business processes was considered in order to set, control and analyze the achievement of goals.

scholarly journals Foreign Journals of Information and Library Issues: Analysis of Publication Opportunities for Scientific and Pedagogical Staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Savkina
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
The Web

One of the performance indicators of higher education institutions is publication activity of scientific and pedagogical staff in journals indexed by the international scientometric databases Web of Science and Scopus. Of particular interest is the study of the possibility of publications in foreign journals with a high quartile. The issue of foreign publications is acute for domestic researchers of library and information activities. The study identified 227 foreign journals that reflect the category “Library and information sciences” and publish information in English. There were selected for study 130 journals indexed in the Web of Science. The analysis of indicators of professional foreign periodicals allowed to make the rating of journals that are relevant for publishing scientific articles on teaching the library disciplines. The detailed analysis of the topics of publications in the identified journals helped to determine specialized foreign periodicals on library and information issues. During the analysis, there were selected the professional journals that reflect the results of research in the field of principal disciplines of the mandatory part of the bachelor’s degree program in “Library and information activities”.The article considers the topics of specialized professional periodicals of foreign countries. For the selected publications, the author compiled the comparative table of the thematic distribution of publications with chronological coverage of 10 years that allowed identifying thematic headings with high publication activity. The article presents the analysis of territorial distribution of journals and identifies the leading foreign publishers. The author briefly highlights the features of publication placement in foreign journals. Based on information provided on the information and analytical portal eLIBRARY.ru, the author conducted the assessment of placement of publications by leading researchers in the field of library science in identified periodicals. The article presents the results of analytical review of the main foreign journals indexed by Web of Science and related to the first and second quartile, which publish articles in English and reflect issues in library and information sphere. The author established that publication in foreign professional periodicals can be implemented by domestic researchers and teachers of library and information disciplines, both in the analysed journals and other specialized publications and journals in related scientific fields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document