Malaria and associated co-morbidity in children admitted with fever manifestation in Western Ghana: A retrospective study

Introduction: Children under five years of age are highly vulnerable to malaria infection and often face dire consequences such as severe malaria if they are not promptly and adequately treated with effective anti-malarial medications. We set out to evaluate malaria and associated co-morbidity among children admitted with febrile illness in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. Methodology: This retrospective study focused on children admitted with fever over a three-year period at the pediatric unit of Effia-Nkwanta Regional Hospital. The children were identified, and the medical records of those who were successfully treated and discharged were searched, retrieved, and reviewed. Results: A total of 1,193 children were identified and selected for analysis. The mean duration of admission increased from 2.17 days in 2010 to 3.36 in 2012. Conversely, the mean age decreased from 3.85 years in 2010 to 2.74 in 2012. Overall, laboratory-confirmed malaria prevalence decreased; however, this decrease was only observed among children five years of age or younger, while malaria prevalence increased among children one year of age or younger. The proportion of children with severe malarial anemia significantly increased, while the proportion of those with mild malaria decreased significantly. Conclusions: Despite the general decrease in malaria morbidity seen in this study, children younger than one year of age remain at increased risk of malaria morbidity. With an increase in malaria prevalence among children younger than one year of age over the three years of study, integrated and targeted control measures are highly needed for this age group.

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Assessment of Iron Overload in a Cohort of Sri Lankan Patients with Transfusion Dependent Beta Thalassaemia and its Correlation with Pathogenic Variants in HBB, HFE, SLC40A1, and TFR2 Genes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-541471/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruwangi Dissanayake ◽

Nayana Samarasinghe ◽

Samantha Waidyanatha ◽

Sajeewani Pathirana ◽

Vajira HW Dissanayake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Overload ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

T2 Mri ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background. Iron overload (IO) is a complication in transfusion dependent beta thalassaemmia (TDT). Pathogenic variants in genes involving iron metabolism may confer increased risk of IO. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of the cardiac and hepatic IO and determine whether pathogenic variants in HFE, SLC40A1 and TFR2 genes increase the risk of IO in a cohort of TDT patients in Sri Lanka.Materials and Methods. Fifty-seven (57) patients with TDT were recruited for this study. Serum ferritin was done once in 3 months for one year in all. Those who were ≥ 8 years of age underwent T2* MRI of the liver and heart. Fifty-two (52) patients underwent next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify pathogenic variants in HBB, HFE, SLC40A1 and TFR2 genes.Results. The mean age (SD) of this cohort was 9.5 (±4.6) years. It comprised of 30 (52.6%) boys and 27 (47.4%) girls. The mean serum ferritin was 3405 (±2670.5) ng/dl. Hepatic IO was seen in 38 (95%) patients and cardiac IO was seen in 17 (42.5%) patients. All patients with cardiac IO were asymptomatic and had normal echocardiogrammes. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum ferritin and hepatic or cardiac IO.32 (61.5%), 18 (34.6%), 2 (3.8%) of patients were homozygotes, compound heterozygotes and heterozygotes for pathogenic variants in the HBB gene. 9 (17.3%) and 3 (5.8%) patients were heterozygotes for pathogenic variants of HFE and SLC40A1 genes respectively. There were no pathogenic variants for the TfR2 gene. The heterozygotes of the pathogenic variants of the HFE and SLC40A1 genes were not at increased risk of IO.Conclusions. Cardiac T2* MRI helps to detect cardiac IO prior to the onset of symptoms when the echocardiogramme is normal. It is important to perform hepatic and cardiac MRI T2* to detect IO in patients with TDT.

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The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707000086 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1047-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

FREDERICK S. STINSON ◽

DEBORAH A. DAWSON ◽

S. PATRICIA CHOU ◽

SHARON SMITH ◽

RISE B. GOLDSTEIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Specific Phobia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

The Usa ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The Mean

Background. There is a lack of current detailed national data on the prevalence, correlates, disability and co-morbidity of DSM-IV specific phobia (SP), the prevalence of specific objects and situations feared, and associations between impairment, treatment and co-morbidity and the number of specific situations and objects feared, among adults in the USA.Method. The data were derived from a large (43093) representative sample of the adult population in the USA.Results. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV SP were 7·1% and 9·4% respectively. Being female, young, and low income increased risk, while being Asian or Hispanic decreased risk (p<0·05). The mean age at onset of SP was 9·7 years, the mean duration of episode was 20·1 years and only 8·0% reported treatment specifically for SP. Most specific phobias involved multiple fears, and an increasing number of fears, regardless of content, was associated with greater disability and impairment, treatment seeking and co-morbidity with other Axis I and II disorders.Conclusions. SP is a highly prevalent, disabling and co-morbid disorder in the US adult population. The early onset of SP and the disorders most strongly associated with it highlights the need for longitudinal studies beginning in early childhood. Results suggest the existence of a generalized subtype of SP much like social phobia, which, once revealed, may lead to a classification of SP that is more etiologically and therapeutically meaningful.

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Bleeding patterns and weight gain in users of injectable progestogen-only contraceptives: A retrospective study

Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) ◽

10.38029/bumj.v1i2.10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

JO Sotunsa ◽

A Inofomoh ◽

AK Akinseku ◽

FI Ani ◽

AO Olatunji

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Side Effects ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Menstrual Bleeding ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Injectable Contraceptives

Objective: Modern contraceptive methods have been very effective in family planning and well-being. The injectable contraceptives, though effective, had been discontinued by some users because of side effects like abnormal menstrual bleeding and weight gain. This study compared the pattern of menstrual bleeding and weight gain in users of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Norethisterone-Enanthate (Noristerat) in Sagamu. Method: A retrospective study of 323 patients who used either DMPA or Noristerat over a 7-year period (January 2007 to December 2013). Data extracted from case notes included bio-data, parity, previous contraceptive methods and reasons for discontinuation of the contraceptives. Clients' weights, pattern of menstrual cycle and side effects were also documented for the rst, second and third visits, and up to 1 year after commencing the injectable contraceptives. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.72± 5.47 years. About 13.5% experienced no change in their menstrual cycle, but 55.9% and 58.9% of those who used Noristerat and DMPA respectively, had amenorrhoea by the end of one year. The mean weight was 62.89kg±12.84 for Noristerat group and 0.93kg±9.94 for DMPA group at commencement and 65.15kg±13.70 for Noristerat group and 64.05kg±10.30 for DMPA group at the end of one year. There was significant weight gain (p<0.05) in both groups by the end of the First year. Weight gain was perceived as a problem by 2% of Noristerat users and 0.9% users of DMPA. Conclusion: There were significant weight changes with use of injectable contraceptives. However, very few clients perceived this as a problem. Amenorrhoea was the commonest menstrual change experienced by clients over the period.

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Impact of Co-Morbidities on Outcome in a Predominantly Hispanic Population of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2019-129442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 2204-2204

Author(s):

Michelle Janania Martinez ◽

Juan F Garza ◽

Tyler W Snedden ◽

Prathibha Surapaneni ◽

Snegha Ananth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Statistical Testing ◽

P Value ◽

Hispanic Population ◽

Poor Outcome ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that co-morbidities at diagnosis can influence treatment decisions and outcomes in lymphoma patients. Considering the bimodal presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and that the majority of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients are over 65 years of age, it can be especially challenging to manage them as older patients have a higher number of co-morbidities. Studies have shown that comorbidity is associated with an inferior outcome and a lower likelihood of receiving treatment with curative intent. It must also be noted that older adults with significant co-morbidities are often excluded from clinical trials due to co-morbidities and that Hispanics (HI) have been historically underrepresented. There is a need to take a closer look at this precise patient population. The main objective of our study was to determine the common co-morbidities and their impact on outcome in a prevalently Hispanic population with both HL and NHL at the only NCI designated Cancer Center of South Texas. To our knowledge this is the largest cohort of HL patients from a single academic institution that serves primarily Hispanics. METHODS We located and retrospectively analyzed a total of 616 patients with diagnosis of Lymphoma (HL and NHL) by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and identified 477 patients who met criteria for inclusion; the patients all received care at UT Health San Antonio, between 2008-2018. Key variables for each patient included age, gender, race/ ethnicity, comorbidities, and vitality status in 2018. Continuously distributed outcomes were summarized with the mean and standard deviation and categorical outcomes were summarized with frequencies and percentages. The significance of variation in the mean with disease category was assessed with one way ANOVA and the significance of associations between categorical outcomes was assessed with Pearson's Chi Square or Fisher's Exact test as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model binary outcomes in terms of covariates and indicators of disease. All statistical testing was two-sided with a significance level of 5%. R1 was used throughout. The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board. The findings will be available to patients, funders and medical community through traditional publishing and social media. RESULTS We identified 477 patients with HL and NHL, 262 were Hispanic (HI) [55%], 205 non-Hispanic (NH) [43%], 10 not specified [2%]; there were 232 females (49%) and 245 males (51%). Co-morbidities that were identified and analyzed were: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HTN), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The most common co-morbidity across all lymphoma subtypes was HTN. More than or equal to 50% of patients with Burkitt's, CTCL, Hodgkin's, Plasmablastic lymphoma, T cell lymphoma had no co-morbidities. In order to determine outcome, we took into consideration vitality status at the end of 2018. When comparing HI vs NH and adjusting for individual co-morbidities (HTN, DM, CAD, CHF, CKD) there is a trend towards a higher risk of poor outcome in NH patients when compared to HI (OR 1.17, CI 0.51-2.69, p-value= 0.7176). When we looked at patients who had both CAD and CHF and adjusted for other co-morbidities the trend remained with a higher risk for poor outcome in NH (OR 1.29, CI 0.57-2.91, p-value=0.53456). Looking at patients with a combination of CAD, CHF, CKD and DM (adjusting for other individual co-morbidities) there was also a trend towards poor outcome in NH (OR 1.26, CI 0.57-2.78, p-value= 0.569316). Overall, patients with CKD had an increased risk of poor outcome (OR 15.13, CI 1.5-153.13, p-value=0.0214) as well as patients with four co-morbidities including CAD, CHF, CKD and DM2 (OR 4.89, CI 1.68-14.23, p-value=0.003597). The absence of co-morbidities shows a trend towards a better outcome (OR 0.77, CI 0.19-3.17, p-value=0.721). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of sample size, our study demonstrates that in the prevalently Hispanic population of our institution, the presence of both CKD on its own as well as CKD with multiple co-morbidities (CKD, CAD, CHF, DM2) increases the risk of poor outcome. There is a trend towards a higher risk of poor outcome in the NH population with co-morbidities when compared to HI but further studies are needed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Retrospective study of impact of social factor in pediatric trauma at teaching hospital of Vindhya region of India

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1743

Author(s):

Lal Mani Singh ◽

Vinod Yadalwar

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Social Factor ◽

Pediatric Trauma ◽

Age Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Trauma Injury ◽

One Year ◽

Type Of Injury

Background: Pediatric trauma i.e. Fall, RTA, burn and other type of trauma is primarily seen in neglected young children, these children’s are unattended to and unprotected at home due to overburdened parents in nuclear family busy with various household and outdoor jobs. In present study aims to analyse the different aspect of social factors that related to trauma in pediatric age group.Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out in 367 patients of the age group <1-15 years during the period 2015-2016.A detailed history taking (from parents/relatives/children) and examination was done and all patients were assessed with regards to their age, sex, mode of trauma/injury, type of injury, site of trauma, place of trauma, and mortality, type of family, number of family members, parents job to create data. The children were classified according to age group. Modes of trauma were divided in groups; the types of injury were divided into subgroups. The places of trauma were divided into the following: Home, road, farm, school/playground or park and others.Results: Out of total 36.96% of cases were pediatric trauma, (127) belongs to the age group1-5 years. In the less than one year age group burns was the major cause of trauma (47.05%). Boys was dominating (63.21%) over girls (36.78%) on whole but girls were at an increased risk of burn injuries (32.59%) than boys (14.66%) most of the pediatric trauma occurred when the child was unaccompanied (59.9%) as compared to accompanied with elders (40.1%)unaccompanied male was more prone to injury than an accompanied. Head injury was (47.41%) and incidence of fall was (53.45%). Mortality rate was maximum (70.6%) in age group less than one year followed by 11-15 years age group (17.0%). mortality rate was higher in female15.67% as compare male 12.9.Conclusions: The study shows that needs to focus on maintain data analysis to make a policy for management of pediatric trauma, incidence of all type trauma can be reduced by awareness of society members, a large number of public illiterate and unaware even when literate to take care of children’s. Needs to make special awareness program to give a massage to society make well designed home and playground don’t make children’s free to play in road or other places except to play ground.

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Clinical characteristics of 14 COVID-19 deaths in Tianmen, China: a single-center retrospective study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05770-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jijia Hu ◽

Yingang Zhang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Zhihe Tao ◽

Juan Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Median Duration ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

High Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Wuhan has been reported. However, the clinical characteristics of patients who died of COVID-19 in regions with relatively scarce healthcare resources remain unknown. Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 14 patients who were admitted from January 18 to February 11, 2020 and died of COVID-19 were evaluated. The epidemiological, symptomatic, laboratory, radiological and treatment records were reviewed and analyzed. Results The mean age of the 14 patients was 56.7 (SD 15.3) years, and 8 (57.1%) were older than 50 years. Eight (57.1%) were men, and 11 (78.6%) had one or more high risk factors. The most common chronic diseases among these patients were cardiovascular disease (7, 50.0%), hypertension (6, 42.9%), and chronic kidney disease (5, 35.7%). General symptoms included cough (12, 85.7%), fever (11, 78.6%), and dyspnea (10, 71.4%). The median duration from the onset of symptoms to death was 11 (IQR 6.5–19.5) days, and the median duration from admission to death was 4.5 (1.0–11.8) days. Patients who died within 4.5 days had more severe pulmonary lesions, significantly reduced lymphocytes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Most patients had organ dysfunction, including 13 (92.9%) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 4 (28.6%) with cardiac injury, 3 (21.4%) with acute kidney injury, and 3 (21.4%) with liver dysfunction. Conclusions Elderly SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with comorbidities, especially those with ARDS and severe chest CT findings on admission, are at increased risk of death and deserve special attention and quality medical treatment.

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Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Early Repolarization in Low Risk Surgical Patients

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/309260 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chiho Ota ◽

Sin-nosuke Shiono ◽

Yuji Fujino ◽

Takahiko Kamibayashi ◽

Yukio Hayashi

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Low Risk ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Early Repolarization ◽

Increased Risk ◽

One Year

Recent epidemiological studies documented that early repolarization may be associated with increased risk of serious cardiac events, including cardiac death. Little is known about the prognostic significance of this pattern in low risk surgical patients. This retrospective study included 3028 patients over 18 years of age and with ASA class I and II risk, undergoing noncardiac elective surgery. We followed the patients for one year. Early repolarization in preoperative ECG was found in 219 patients (7.2%) and patients with early repolarization were more likely to be male and younger. Newly observed cardiac events were significantly higher in the early repolarization group (1.37% versus 0.21%;P=0.003). Multivariate regression analysis reveals that early repolarization (odds ratio: 6.019,P=0.013) significantly increased newly observed cardiac events. Our retrospective study suggests that low risk surgical patients with early repolarization have statistically higher opportunity of newly observed cardiac events within one year after surgery.

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Association between hypokalemia and cardiovascular diseases among hospitalized patients in tertiary care teaching hospital in North Karnataka: a retrospective study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173219 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 998

Author(s):

Raju H. Badiger ◽

Santosh B. Desai ◽

Ravindra Kantamanenin ◽

Chetana K. Kavatkopp ◽

Joel George ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Positive Association ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Control Group ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Group B

Background: Potassium is an extremely crucial element in maintaining the normal charge between intracellular and extracellular space. Normal cellular function is maintained through potassium homeostasis. The normal range of plasma potassium is 3.5 to 5.1 mmol/L. The deviation both hypo and hyperkalaemia are associated with cardiovascular diseases especially cardiac arrhythmia. The objective was to study the association of hypokalaemia on cardiovascular diseases.Methods: During this one year of retrospective study socio-demographic profile of the patients were collected from the medical record section of hospital. The participants were grouped into four classes based on the serum potassium levels as, Group A: < 2 mmol/L, group B: 2-2.49 mmol/l, group C: 2.5 - 2.9 mmol/L, group D: 3 - 3.49 mmol/L and group E (control group) 3.5 to 5.1 mmol/L. The participants were also grouped as those suffering from cardiovascular diseases and those with non-cardiovascular diseases.Results: In our study 4818 records were categorized into 5 groups including control group. Males (61.35%) were slightly more than female (38.65%). The mean age group was 43±4 years. Results revealed that there was positive association between the sexes. Females were more commonly associated as compared to males. Hypokalaemia among cardiovascular diseases was only 22.2% as compared to non-cardiovascular diseases. The mean systolic (142±8) and diastolic Blood pressure (92±2) among cardiovascular diseases was slightly higher as compared with the non-cardiovascular diseases.Conclusions: Hypokalaemia is significantly associated with myocardial infarction when compared with other disorders. Hypokalaemia was more commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases as compared with non-cardiovascular diseases.

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Hospital-acquired infection with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive staphylococci

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800029496 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 623-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M. R. Law ◽

O. N. Gill

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Control Measures ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Hospital Acquired Infection ◽

Daily Rate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Constant Rate ◽

South East England ◽

One Year ◽

Hospital Acquired

SUMMARYIn-patients at a London hospital over one year from whom the south-east England strain of ‘epidemic’ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated were compared with in-patients with strains of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). MRSA were virtually entirely hospital-acquired; isolates before 10'days were uncommon and related to recent previous admission. Thereafter first isolates occurred at a fairly constant daily rate of about 1·9 per 1000 in-patients. Acquisition of MSSA after more than 4 days in hospital occurred at a similar constant rate. Such strains were less likely to be penicillin-sensitive than strains isolated in the first 4 days after admission (11 vs. 22%) and were considered to be hospital-acquired. The single MRSA strain caused 40 infections in a year, about half of all hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections. Patients prescribed anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and patients with indwelling cannulae both had about a ninefold increased risk of acquiring MRSA. There was no reciprocal increase in MSSA infections after control measures had substantially reduced the number of MRSA infections.

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Impacts of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention on Malaria Burden among under Five-Year-Old Children in Borno State, Nigeria

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9372457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

J. P. Ambe ◽

S. T. Balogun ◽

M. B. Waziri ◽

I. N. Nglass ◽

A. Saddiq

Keyword(s):

Blood Smear ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Control Measures ◽

Thick Blood Smear ◽

Related Data ◽

Malaria Burden ◽

Capillary Sample ◽

Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽

The Mean ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Malaria disproportionately affects all ages with a high burden among children below five years. Thus, control measures are deployed including Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC). The present study assessed the impacts of SMC on malaria burden among subjects aged 3–59 months in Borno State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) clusters were randomly selected from accessible 16 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State, Nigeria, and SMC was deployed in 10 of the clusters by administering a full dose of amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine at monthly intervals for 4 months consecutively. Three hundred and ninety-nine children were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and malaria-related data. Thick blood smear, thin blood smear, and capillary sample were collected two weeks after the 4th cycle of SMC. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia was determined among the subjects and for the clusters. The proportions of the female (46.4%; 185/399) and male (53.6%; 214/399) subjects were similar (p>0.05) with subjects aged 24–47 months (35.8%; 143/399) accounting for the highest proportion (p<0.05). Malaria prevalence was 10.3% (41/399) and was higher among non-SMC subjects (15.9%; 31/195) than among SMC subjects (4.9%; 10/204) (p<0.05, df = 1, χ2 = 10.8). Malaria prevalence was higher in non-SMC clusters (80.0%; 8/10) than in SMC clusters (30.0%; 3/10) (p<0.05, df = 1, χ2 = 40.5). The mean haematocrit of the 399 subjects was 34.0 ± 5.3% with an anaemia prevalence of 18.1% (72/399). The mean haematocrit was higher among SMC subjects (35.4 ± 5.0% vs. 33.1 ± 4.2%; p<0.05) while anaemia prevalence was higher among non-SMC subjects (21.5% vs. 14.6%; p<0.05, df = 1, χ2 = 2.8). Of the SMC subjects, 4.9% reported adverse drug reactions. SMC is safe and significantly reduced malaria burden among children in Borno State, and thus, the measure could be deployed in the state for effective malaria control.

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