scholarly journals Nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption on hyper intensive tilapia Oreochromis niloticus culture using three different commercial diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-846
Author(s):  
Samuel López-Tejeida ◽  
Juan Fernando García-Trejo ◽  
Leticia Félix-Cuencas ◽  
Jesús Josafat De León-Ramírez ◽  
Maribel Villegas-Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Medium Cost

The fish feed used in aquaculture systems has many nutritional factors like protein, fat, fiber, ash, and humidity; from these factors, one of great importance is protein. The protein of fish feed is obtained from fish meal, and the demand for fish meal has increased; this induces to increase the price. Many pieces of research have been done about this topic to mitigate this problem. This research shows the differences between three commercial foods of the different processes with the same quantity of protein, using tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, to prove any difference between NO2-, NO3-, and NH4+. Nitrogen compounds were determined with HACH methods for the DR6000 spectrophotometer. Biometric data were registered throughout the growth of fish, along with measure aerobic metabolism. Results have shown that has better outcomes related to low excretion of nitrogen compound was medium-cost fish feed (MCFF). It also has sound effects associated with the length-weight relationship; that could be connected to these fish feed's protein sources.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Cassava Leaf Flour (Manihot esculenta C.) and Fish Flour as Artificial Meal on Growth of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Suci Wulan Pawhestri ◽  
Eva Okta Verina ◽  
Sara Gustia Wibowo ◽  
Mulia Safrida Sari
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Cassava Leaves

Aquaculture is an effort to look for profits through the maintenance and breeding of aquatic organisms in an environment. Agricultural waste that is not utilized by humans can actually be used as a mixture in the manufacture of tilapia fish feed as long as it has sufficient protein content such as old cassava leaves. This study aims to determine whether cassava leaf flour (Manihot esculenta C.) can be used as a mixture of fish meal ingredients in the manufacture of tilapia fish feed (Oreochromis niloticus) and at what concentrations of artificial feed made from a mixture of fish meal and cassava leaf flour is effective as a feed parrot fish. This research was conducted in the village of Sidodadi Asri, Jati Agung, South Lampung using RAL method with four treatments and two repetitions, namely commercial feed, mixed feed 75% Fish meal: 25% cassava leaf flour, 50% fish meal: 50% cassava leaf flour , and 25% fish meal: 75% cassava leaf flour will be tested on tilapia for 30 days. The parameters observed were the growth of tilapia, survival rate, protein content in feed, and pond water quality. From the results of research on the effectiveness of fish meal and cassava leaf flour (Manihot esculenta C.) as tilapia fish feed (Oreochromis niloticus) showed artificial feed with a mixture of 75% fish meal and 25% cassava leaf flour gave the most optimal growth results.

Effect of replacing fish meal with enzymatic feather meal on growth and feed utilization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 114895
Author(s):  
Lumpan Poolsawat ◽  
Hang Yang ◽  
Yan-Fang Sun ◽  
Xiao-Qin Li ◽  
Gao-Yang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feather Meal

scholarly journals Effect of isoproteinous feed on growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
I Siddika ◽  
M Das ◽  
K R Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

A four week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of isoproteinous (35%) feed prepared named diet 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively by substituting 0%, 50% , 75% and 100% fish meal with meat and bone meal in view of preparing a cost effective tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry feed. The four experimental diets (diet 1 to 4) each were randomly assigned to twelve hapas with three replications. Tilapia fry (0.011g) were randomly stocked in 100 fry/9ft² hapa and fed five times a day up to their apparent satiation. The results of the study showed that the weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), the apparent net protein utilization value and survival (%) of the fish were significantly  (P<0.05) higher and better feed utilization with lower FCR value was observed in fish fed on the diet 4 where meat and bone meal was used as sole source of protein base. There was no significant difference between the carcass moisture and lipid of fish fed with different experimental diets. The results of the study indicated that diet 1 containing fish meal (45.15% Fish meal, 27.43% Rice bran and 27.43% Wheat flour) can be replaced by meat and bone meal containing diet 4 (54.06% Meat and bone meal, 22.97% Rice bran and 22.97% Wheat flour) with no adverse effects on growth and survival of O. niloticus. Before recommendation several trials will be necessary in different farms to be  sure of the reproducibility of the result obtained in the present experiment. Cost- benefit analysis reveals that the   meat and bone meal containing diet certainly provides cheaper feed.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12110   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 169–174, 2012  

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fish Meal with Whey Protein Concentrate on the Growth Performance, Fish Health, and Immune Status of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Amer ◽  
Ali Osman ◽  
Naif A. Al-Gabri ◽  
Shafika A. M. Elsayed ◽  
Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Bacterial Challenge ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Fish Meal Replacement

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of replacing fish meal with whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the growth performance, histopathological condition of organs, economic efficiency, disease resistance to intraperitoneal inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila, and the immune response of Oreochromis niloticus. The toxicity of WPC was tested by measuring the activity of caspase 3 as an indicator of cellular apoptosis. Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with average initial weight 18.65 ± 0.05 gm/fish (n = 225) for a 10-week feeding trial. The fish were randomly allocated to five experimental groups, having five replacement percentages of fish meal with WPC: 0%, 13.8%, 27.7%, 41.6%, and 55.5% (WPC0, WPC13.8, WPC27.7, WPC41.6, and WPC55.5); zero percentage represented the control group. The results show that the fish fed WPC had the same growth performance as the WPC0. The total weight of bacterially challenged surviving fish increased linearly and quadratically (p ≤ 0.05) by increasing the replacement percentage of fish meal with WPC. The growth hormone, nitric oxide, IgM, complement 3, and lysozyme activity were seen to increase significantly in WPC27.7, especially after a bacterial challenge. The phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index increased significantly in WPC27.7, WPC41.6, and WPC55.5 groups. Histopathological examination of liver sections was badly affected by high replacement in WPC41.6–55.5. The activity of caspase 3 in the immunohistochemical stained sections of the intestine was increased significantly by increasing the inclusion level of WPC. Economically, the total return of the total surviving fish after the bacterial challenge was increased significantly by fish meal replacement with WPC. It could be concluded that WPC could replace the fish meal in Nile tilapia diets up to 27.7%, with improving the gut health, the total weight of survival fish, and immune status of fish challenged with A. hydrophila. High inclusion levels of WPC are not recommended in fish diets, since they negatively affected the intestinal and liver tissues and increased the level of cellular apoptosis, as indicated by the increased caspase 3 activity. Further researches are recommended to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement with WPC on the histopathological examination of the kidney and to test the capacity of serum IgM to clot the bacteria used for the challenge.

scholarly journals TEPUNG DAUN SINGKONG (Monihot utilissima) TUA SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN ALTERNATIF DALAM FORMULA PAKAN IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Muarofah Ghofur ◽  
. Safratilofa ◽  
Rahmat Sam
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Protein Substitute ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Alternative Protein

AbstractThe feed as a source of energy for the growth of fish is a component of the most important costs 40-89% and the quality should be good. The solution is through research. Research in the form of meal cassava leaves (Monihot utilissima) parents as a source of alternative protein substitute for fish meal in feed formulation catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The design used Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that for the growth and the survival between treatments were not significant (P <0.5), meaning that all treatments were no differences can be categorized and feed ingredients of flour cassava leaves can replace most of the presence of meal fish  in fish feed formulas African catfish. Growth of the best catfish are on treatment A (55% meal cassava leaf: 00% fish meal) with daily growth of 8.27 grams was 2.61% and the B (40%% meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish) 5.28 gram with daily growth is 1.86%, followed by C (15%%  meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish ) 1:51% and D (0% meal cassava leaves : 55% meal fish ) 1:33%. Catfish survival rate was not significant (P <0.5), and relatively equally well A (96.17%), B (94.77) and C (95.92) and the best in treatment for D (96.37 ). As users are advised to wear formulations in treatment B (40% meal fish and 15%  meal cassava leaves old). Keywords: Catfish, Ffeed, Meal fish, Meal cassava leaves AbstrakPakan sebagai sumber energi bagi pertumbuhan ikan  merupakan komponen biaya yang paling besar 40-89%  dan kualitasnya harus baik. Solusinya melalui penelitian. Penelitian berupa tepung daun  singkong (Monihot utilissima) tua sebagai sumber protein alternatif penganti tepung ikan dalam formulasi pakan ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Rancangan digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan dan kelulusan hidup antar perlakuan tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), artinya semua perlakuan  tidak ada perbedaan dan dapat dikatagorikan bahan pakan dari tepung daun singkong dapat mengantikan sebagian keberadaan tepung ikan dalam formula pakan ikan lele dumbo. Pertumbuhan ikan lele terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan A (55% tepung daun singkong : 00% tepung ikan) 8,27 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 2.61% dan  pada B (40%  % tepung daun singkong : 15% tepung ikan) 5,28 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 1.86%, diikuti C (15% % tepung daun singkong :15% tepung ikan) 1.51% dan D (0 % tepung daun singkong : 55% tepung ikan) 1.33%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), dan  relatif sama baiknya A (96,17%), B (94,77) dan C (95,92) dan terbaik pada perlakuan untuk D (96,37). Sebagai pengguna disarankan memakai formulasi pada perlakuan B (40% Tepung ikan dan 15% tepung daun singkong tua). Kata kunci: Ikan lele, Pakan, Tepung ikan, Tepung  Daun Singkong Tua

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

scholarly journals Utilization of Shrimp Shell Waste as Alternative Raw for Mariculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Tri Yulianto ◽  
Dwi Septiani Putri ◽  
Shavika Miranti ◽  
Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja Putra
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Shrimp Shell Waste

Feed is still one of the problems in aquaculture because it takes about 70% of operational costs. High prices is caused by imported raw materials for feed production. One possible effort to overcome this problem is to find alternative local raw materials to replace imported fish meal. The purpose of this study was to examine the proximate content of shrimp shell wastes from processing shrimp crackers (Paneus sp.) to be used as shrimp flour. Samples were colledted three times in a month, at the beginning, middle and end of the month. The waste of the heads, shells and tails of the shrimp were turned into flour for laboratory testing through proximate analysis. The data were tabulated using the Microsoft Excel softwareand then analyzed descriptively by comparing the nutrient content of shrimp waste flour with the feed requirements of mariculture. The results showed that shrimp shell flour contained protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash content of around 27.4%, 2.07%, 14.84% and 47.27%. while the resulting randemen ranged from 81.75%. Therefore, shrimp shell flour can be used as an alternative raw material for preparing marine fish feed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ENZIM DENGAN KONSENTRASI BERBEDA PADA PAKAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI AMONIAK, NITRIT, DAN SULFIDA DALAM MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN (The Influence of Enzime Provision with Different Concentration of Enzimes on Tilapia Fish Feed (Oreochromis niloticus) Towards The Concentration of Ammonia, Nitrite, and Sulfide in Media Maintenance)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Uswah Hasanah ◽  
Haeruddin Haeruddin ◽  
Niniek Widyorini
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maintenance Time ◽  
Water Volumes

Kegiatan budidaya pada setiap prosesnya menghasilkan limbah yang dihasilkan dari sisa-sisa pakan dan kotoran yang berasal dari ikan budidaya, terutama budidaya Ikan Nila yang merupakan salah satu jenis ikan tawar yang sudah di budidaya secara komersial oleh masyarakat indonesia. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei-Juni 2017 di Laboratorium Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungan, Departemen Sumberdaya Akuatik, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro. Pada penelitian ini ditambahkan enzim pada pakan ikan, suatu enzim yang mengandung protease, lipase, amilase, pepsin, tripsin, dan kemotripsin dalam dosis yang sudah ditentukan untuk memaksimalkan proses pencernaan. Ikan Nila yang digunakan  berukuran 7-9 cm dipelihara di dalam akuarium dengan kapasitas 2 ekor Ikan Nila dalam 1 akuarium dengan volume air 9 l. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui konsentrasi amoniak, nitrit, dan sulfida (H2S) dan membandingkan pengaruh pemberian enzim dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda didalam pakan terhadap konsentrasi amoniak, nitrit, dan sulfida (H2S). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental skala laboratorium. Desain penelitian berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan menggunakan lima perlakuan yaitu dengan perbedaan konsentrasi enzim. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan 3x pengulangan. Analisis data menggunakan uji two way anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian enzim dengan konsentrasi berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata, lama waktu pemeliharaan berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsentrasi amoniak, dan sulfida, kombinasi dari keduanya tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsentrasi amoniak, nitrit, dan sulfida. Cultivation activities in each process produce waste generated from the remnants of feed and feces from the fish cultivated, especially the cultivation of tilapia which is one type of fresh bonds that have been cultivated commercially by the people of Indonesian. The research was conducted in May-June 2017 at the Fish and Environmental Resource Management Laboratory, Aquatic Resources Department, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Diponegoro University. The materials on this research are combining the fish feed with an enzime which contains protease, lipase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and chemotrypsin in prescribed doses to maximised the digestion process. Tilapia as research object has length of 7 to 9 cm and its kept in an aquarium with capacity (water volumes) of 9 ls which contains of 2 tilapias. The purposes of this research are to know the concentration of ammonia, nitrite and sulfide (H 2 S) in and to compare the effect of the enzyme provision with different concentration in fish feed with the concentration of ammonia, nitrite and sulfide (H 2 S). This research used laboratory-scale experimental method. The study design was based on Complete Randomized Design (RAL), using five treatments with different enzyme concentrations. Each treatments was done by three repetitions. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA test. The results showed that enzyme with different concentration had no significant effect, maintenance time had significant effect on ammonia concentration, and sulfide, the combination of both did not significantly affect the ammonia, nitrite and sulphide concentration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document