scholarly journals Sociological and Psychological Factors on Prohibited Substances Abuse in Rehabilitation Centre of Medan City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 4137-4142
Author(s):  
Vita Camellia ◽  
Fasihah Irfani Fitri ◽  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Dudy Aldiansyah ◽  
Muhammad Ichwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Intervention ◽  
Substance Disorders ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Substance Involvement

INTRODUCTION: Prohibited substances issue and their abuse have become a scourge for people in Indonesia. This situation creates concern for every level of society since this is very influential to damage and can even eliminate generations at a later time. AIM: This study aims to determine the characteristics of age, education, psychological and social problems related to substance dependence experienced by individuals with substance disorders who undergo rehabilitation in Medan, Indonesia. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analytic, in which the sample of this study was individuals who underwent rehabilitation in the Rehabilitation Center in Medan City who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured interview was carried out with the MINI ICD-10 on part M. disorders related to psychoactive substances. Furthermore, to see the level of dependence, WHO ASSIST questionnaire (The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) was used. RESULTS: This study discovered that subjects with age above 21 years were the most dominant of the prohibited substance users group as many as 87 people (69%), Batak tribe with 73 people (57.9%), residence originating from outside the city with 70 people (55.6%), Unmarried with 87 people (70.2%), education level is medium (junior high school) with 117 people (92.9%) and work as many as 77 people (61.1%). The study also found that the most dominant number of prohibited substances users were single users of methamphetamine and a combination of two substances, each of which was 49 people (38.9%). There is no relationship between social factors and patterns of prohibited substance use. Also, the most dominant users of prohibited substances who undergo rehabilitation are those based on family and police (involuntary admission). Finally, as many as 70 people used methamphetamine require intensive intervention. CONCLUSION: This study shows that social and demographic factors are not related to the pattern of prohibited substance use.

scholarly journals Substance use among street children in the city of Yaounde, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varela Mabouopda ◽  
Michael Guy Toguem ◽  
Christelle Domngang Noche ◽  
Christian Eyoum ◽  
Jean-baptiste Fotso Djemo
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Substance use is known to be more common among street children. Sometimes responsible for the runaway and repeated run-away behavior. To be able to reinsert these children, the reasons why there joined the streets, why they use substance and their pattern of substance use need to be understood. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional mix method study in February 2021 in the streets of Yaounde. We did a semi-structured interview of 159 street children using a sociodemographic questionnaire made of open questions and, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, version 3.0. The data were analyzed using R 4.1.0 for Windows. Results All street children were male. The most common reason for joining the streets was, questing for money, reported by one-quarter of the children. 60% of them used a substance, of which half used a substance because of peer pressure. The most commonly used substance was cannabis (36.48%), followed by Tobacco (35.85%). 14.47% were dependent on tobacco and 11.32% on cannabis. Conclusion Substance use and substance use disorders are highly common among street children of Yaounde. This needs to be addressed to facilitate their reinsertion as shown in other studies. The mechanisms that lead to the absences of girls in the streets should also be explored to see if they can be applied to boys.

scholarly journals Views on treatment adherence among psychoactive substance-dependent women in the outpatient setting: a qualitative study

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Dione Viégas Almeida Ribeiro ◽  
Egberto Ribeiro Turato ◽  
Renata Cruz Soares de Azevedo ◽  
Claudinei José Gomes Campos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Clinical Method

INTRODUCTION: In the female population, adherence to specialist clinical treatment for psychoactive substance dependence has peculiar characteristics in terms of therapeutic approaches available to addicts in general. A smaller number of women seek specialist treatment in comparison with men. Traditionally, most health care services specializing in chemical dependence provide similar therapies to both men or women, including the use of mixed-sex groups at some facilities. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the views or psychological meanings attributed by women with substance use disorders to phenomena associated with adherence to treatment at a specialist university outpatient clinic. METHODS: The qualitative-clinical method was used, i.e., an approach characterized by the typically qualitative focus of human sciences adapted to health care settings. The semi-structured interview technique with open questions was used for data collection, combined with observation of the women interviewed. Data were processed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Three categories of treatment outcomes emerged: 1) significant motivations to seek and follow the treatment proposed; 2) symbolic meanings attributed to the drug; 3) psychological representations of lack of motivation to explain difficulties adhering to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the motivations of addicted women to seek treatment vary, but highlight the fact that the substance used becomes perceived as something that causes significant losses and hinders the proper exercise of women’s role in family and social contexts. A warm welcoming is considered essential for a patient to adhere to treatment, offsetting the strong physical pleasure associated with psychoactive substance use.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Profile Of Psychoactive Substance Users Attending a Centre For Mental Health, Rupandehi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
M. Dhungana ◽  
M. Thapa ◽  
D. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Substance Disorder

Introduction: Psychoactive substance use is known since the origin of mankind and has been global problem that is influenced by social, economic, political and psychosocial factors. The menace of psychoactive substance abuse is that it is not only a socially unacceptable reality but in itself a disorder and is emerging as a major public health burden. Material and Method: A descriptive study was carried out with the view to find out the prevalence of psychoactive substance disorder in de-addiction unit at Centre for Mental Health (Chautari Nepal Health Foundation) in Rupandehi district of province-5, Nepal. All patients who were admitted during the study period with psychoactive substance use Disorder were interviewed by using semi structured performa for addiction. Total 387 patients with psychoactive substance dependence (according ICD-10) were enrolled in the study after providing written informed consent. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16. Results: Among 387 psychoactive substance users, majority of them (34.1%) were in the age group 35 years and above, 57.1% were belonged to Brahmin/ Chhetri ethnic group. Greater proportion 44.4% of psychoactive substance abuser had started taking the drugs between the age of 16-20 years of age. Alcohol was most commonly used psychoactive substance as 47.5% were dependent to alcohol. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that addiction is a global burden. Youth is a vulnerable group. Therefore, special attention, Psycho education related to psychoactive substance should be started before adolescent.

scholarly journals Comparing intentions to reduce substance use and willingness to seek help among transgender and cisgender participants from the global drug survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S245-S245
Author(s):  
Dean Connolly ◽  
Emma Davies ◽  
Michael Lynskey ◽  
Monica Barratt ◽  
Larissa Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Gender Groups

AimsTo describe and compare psychoactive substance misuse help-seeking among transgender (trans) and cisgender (cis) participants from a large multi-national cross-sectional survey.BackgroundTrans people experience stressors related to their minority status which have been associated with increased rates of psychoactive substance use and related harm. Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence relating to the treatment needs of trans people who use psychoactive substances, beyond a small body of literature describing a culture of transphobic hostility in general substance misuse services. This paper aims to describe and compare psychoactive substance misuse help-seeking among trans and cis participants from a large multi-national cross-sectional survey.MethodOver 180,000 participants, recruited from the world's largest annual survey of drug use - the Global Drug Survey (GDS) - during 2018 and 2019, reported use of a range of psychoactive substances in the preceding 12 months. Five gender groups (118,157 cis men, 64,319 cis women, 369 trans men, 353 trans women and 1,857 non-binary people) were compared, using Chi-square and z-tests with Bonferroni correction, on items relating to the desire to use less psychoactive substances and the need to seek help to achieve this. Respondents from GDS 2018 were also assessed for substance dependence. Binary logistic regression was used to compare gender groups on self-reported substance dependence to frame the help-seeking analyses.ResultTrans respondents (n = 1,710) to GDS 2018 were significantly more likely than cis respondents to report use of illicit substances (OR = 1.66-2.93) and dependence on cannabis (OR = 2.39), alcohol (OR = 3.28) and novel psychoactive substances (OR = 4.60). In the combined GDS 2018 and 2019 dataset, there were no significant differences between trans (n = 2,579) and cis (n = 182,476) participants on the desire to reduce substance use. However, among those who did report wanting to use less, non-binary people and trans women were most likely to want help to achieve this.ConclusionTrans respondents reported a greater need for help with reducing substance use than cis respondents. Given the deficit of specialist services for psychoactive substance users who are trans, there is a need for a more thorough understanding of the barriers and facilitators to their engagement in general substance misuse services. In the interim, substance misuse service providers require education about gender minority status to help meet the needs of trans clients.

The Role of Gateway Drugs and Psychosocial Factors in Substance Dependence in Eastern India

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahoo Saddichha ◽  
Baxi Neeraj Prasad Sinha ◽  
C. R. J. Khess
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Addiction Psychiatry ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Gateway Drugs

Objective: Western studies have identified the gateway patterns of substance use which lead the way from the so called “Soft Drugs” (like nicotine, etc.) to the “Hard Drugs” (like Opioids) [the Gateway hypothesis]. Nicotine and alcohol have been implicated as the most common initiating drugs in studies from different places, however, studies are lacking from this region. This study was designed to find the drugs of initiation and to understand the factors for initiation, maintenance, and relapse of these substances in persons dependent on them in Eastern India. Method: Seventy subjects with ICD 10 DCR diagnosis of substance dependence admitted consecutively in Center for Addiction Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP), Ranchi, were taken up for the study after taking written informed consent. A semi-structured questionnaire including the substance use part of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MINI) was administered. Results: Alcohol and opioids were the most common drugs of dependence but nicotine and alcohol were found to be the most common initiating drugs in both alcohol and opioid groups. Persons dependent on opioids presented earlier for treatment, with earlier development of withdrawal symptoms and having completed lesser years of formal education, and had higher monthly incomes as compared to those dependent on alcohol. The most common psychosocial factors determining initiation and maintenance were peer pressure or curiosity. Conclusions: If adolescents and youth can be motivated to stay away even from the “gateway drugs” by targeting common initiation factors, it may lead to delay in dependence or possibly avoidance of development of dependence.

scholarly journals Panic disorder and psychoactive substance use in primary care

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Jacondino Pires ◽  
Camila Corrêa Casanova ◽  
Luciana de Avila Quevedo ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Substance Involvement

Objective: To identify the association between panic disorder and licit and illicit substance use in the population provided with primary care in the southern Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with patients from three primary care centers. We used the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to evaluate substance use and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to diagnose panic disorder. Results: A total of 1,081 subjects were evaluated. The prevalence of panic disorder was 5.6%. Panic disorder was associated with using marijuana (p = 0.001), tobacco (p = 0.001), cocaine (p < 0.001), and other illicit substances (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A significant association is noticed between panic disorder and licit and illicit substance use, thus, it is interesting to rethink the approach to treatment/intervention in patients with dual diagnosis.

Multiple substance use among patients attending treatment for substance-related problems in Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Maffli ◽  
Mariana Astudillo
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Substance Disorders ◽  
Treatment Demand ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Related Aspect ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Primary Substance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the share of multiple substance disorders among clients entering treatment for substance-related problems, to identify the most frequent combinations of the substances involved and to investigate the profiles of the clients involved. Design/methodology/approach Data were taken from the Swiss treatment monitoring system act-info applied among inpatient and outpatient facilities (reporting years 2013–2015). All cases with information on multiple substance disorders, according to a definition close to the diagnosis F19 from the ICD-10 classification of disease were included. The measurements comprised designated primary substance, existing multiple substance use disorder, substances involved and basic socio-demographics. Findings From 10,009 clients included in the study, 1,653 (16.5 per cent) were reported as having multiple substance use disorders. A great variety of substance combinations was identified and alcohol was found in the majority of them. Practical implications Treatment strategies targeting accurately substance-related disorders as a whole complex should be promoted. In particular the alcohol-related aspect of the disorder should not be neglected when the focus is on illegal drugs. Originality/value Multiple substance use was until recently not sufficiently documented in treatment monitoring systems. A recent version of the European treatment demand indicator (TDI) has introduced the notion of “polydrug use problem” as complementary information to the primary substance, which remains the key variable for reporting treatment demand. This study represents a first attempt to explore systematically this new data.

Posttraumatic Disorders in Patients with Substance Dependence: Dissociative Disorders and Substance Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Karadag
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Somatization Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional

There are limited number of studies about dissociative disorders and substance abuse/dependence. Ross et al (1992) found that 39.0% of 100 chemically dependent patients had a dissociative disorder. Dunn et al (1995) found that this rate was 15.0% for 100 patients with substance use disorder at the end of their inpatient treatment. In the third study, 215 consecutive inpatients were recruited. The prevalence of the DSM-IV dissociative disorders was 17.2%. 67.6% of these patients’ dissociative experiences had started 3.6 (SD=2.9, range: 1.0-11.0) years before onset of the substance use in average. Patients with dissociative disorder were younger and average duration of their remission periods was shorter. Dissociative patients tended to use more than one substance whereas drugs were used more frequently than alcohol in this group. The frequency of borderline personality disorder, somatization disorder, history of suicide attempt, and childhood abuse and neglect in this qroup was more than that in the non-dissociative group. Suicide attempt, female gender, and childhood emotional abuse were significant predictors of a dissociative disorder diagnosis. Significantly more patients with dissociative disorder stopped their treatment prematurely. These findings suggest that dissociative disorder comorbidity is not a phenomenon limited to a cross-sectional observation and to a crisis period, but it is involved in all phases of substance dependency and it may have tremendous impact on the course and treatment outcome of the process.

scholarly journals Parenting styles and alcohol use among adolescents: A longitudinal study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Víctor Martínez-Loredo ◽  
Sergio Fernández-Artamendi ◽  
Sara Weidberg ◽  
Irene Pericot ◽  
Carla López-Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Parenting style has been identified as one of the most important risk and protective factors for substance use in adolescents. Evidence suggests that the influence of each parenting style on adolescent’s substance use varies across countries. Research studies with Spanish population have been mostly restricted to cross-sectional designs, limiting the interpretation of directionality in the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent substance use. This longitudinal study explores the predictive validity of perceived parenting style on prospective drug use and alcohol related problems in a sample of adolescents. Participants were 346 adolescents (53.64% males) who were assessed twice in a period of two years. In the first wave participants were 12.89 years old (SD = 0.54). Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the prospective relationship between perceived parenting style at first wave and substance involvement outcomes at the second. Adolescents that perceived their parents as neglectful had higher risk of developing an alcohol use disorder two years later [odds ratio (OR) : 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-3.86 (p = .012)]. The findings of this study indicate that special attention should be given to those adolescents who perceived their parenting style as neglectful.

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