Posttraumatic Disorders in Patients with Substance Dependence: Dissociative Disorders and Substance Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Karadag
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Somatization Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional

There are limited number of studies about dissociative disorders and substance abuse/dependence. Ross et al (1992) found that 39.0% of 100 chemically dependent patients had a dissociative disorder. Dunn et al (1995) found that this rate was 15.0% for 100 patients with substance use disorder at the end of their inpatient treatment. In the third study, 215 consecutive inpatients were recruited. The prevalence of the DSM-IV dissociative disorders was 17.2%. 67.6% of these patients’ dissociative experiences had started 3.6 (SD=2.9, range: 1.0-11.0) years before onset of the substance use in average. Patients with dissociative disorder were younger and average duration of their remission periods was shorter. Dissociative patients tended to use more than one substance whereas drugs were used more frequently than alcohol in this group. The frequency of borderline personality disorder, somatization disorder, history of suicide attempt, and childhood abuse and neglect in this qroup was more than that in the non-dissociative group. Suicide attempt, female gender, and childhood emotional abuse were significant predictors of a dissociative disorder diagnosis. Significantly more patients with dissociative disorder stopped their treatment prematurely. These findings suggest that dissociative disorder comorbidity is not a phenomenon limited to a cross-sectional observation and to a crisis period, but it is involved in all phases of substance dependency and it may have tremendous impact on the course and treatment outcome of the process.

Depression and Anxiety Plus Levels of Stress among Secondary School Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown: an Online CrossSectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunn Pungpapong ◽  
Rasmon Kalayasiri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Health

Objective: To assess prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among adolescents experiencing lockdown during the 2019 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in both Asian and Western countries. Material and Methods: From May-June 2020, secondary school students were enrolled in an online cross-sectional survey, through social media; including, but not limited to, Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp and LINE. We assessed the presence and severity of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) within the last month, and assessed significant associations with demographics, degree of social distancing, and other associated issues using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: From 392 respondents (56.4% male, 43.1% female), from Thailand (59.2%), the United Kingdom (26.5%) and other countries (14.3%), we identified depressive symptoms in 58.7%, anxiety in 40.3% and high levels of stress in 9.7%. By multivariate analysis, we found significant associations between being female and depression and anxiety, being in late secondary school years and depression, and changes in patterns of substance use and anxiety and stress. Participants not located in Thailand had increased risk of depression.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated depression, anxiety and stress in six, four and one out of ten adolescents, respectively, who were experiencing lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found female gender, older school years, and changes in substance use patterns to be significantly associated with these mental health conditions.

scholarly journals The prevalence and associated factors of depression among patients with schizophrenia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolesa Fanta ◽  
Desalegn Bekele ◽  
Getinet Ayano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Depression is common among people with schizophrenia and associated with severe positive and negative symptoms, higher rates of disability, treatment resistance and mortality related to suicide, physical and drug-related causes. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted to report the magnitude of depression among people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among people with schizophrenia. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 patients with schizophrenia selected by systematic sampling technique. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depression among the study participants. To identify the potential contributing factors, we performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting the model for the potential confounding factors. Odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) was determined to evaluate the strength of association. Result The prevalence estimate of depression among people with schizophrenia was found to be 18.0% [95% confidence interval: 14.50–22.30]. Our multivariable analysis revealed that current substance use (AOR 2.28, 95%CI (1.27, 4.09), suicide attempt (AOR 5.24, 95%CI (2.56, 10.72), duration of illness between 6 and 10 years (AOR 2.09, 95%CI (1.08, 4.04) and poor quality of life (AOR 3.13, 95%CI (1.79, 5.76) were found to be the factors associated with depression among people with schizophrenia. Conclusion The current study revealed that comorbid depression was high among people with schizophrenia and associated with current substance use, suicide attempt, and long duration of the illness as well as poor quality of life. Attention needs to be given to address comorbid depression among people with schizophrenia.

Over-the-Counter Drugs and Other Substances Used in Attempted Suicide Presented to Emergency Departments in Montreal, Canada

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mikhail ◽  
Omaid Tanoli ◽  
Gilles Légaré ◽  
Pierre-André Dubé ◽  
Youssef Habel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Do So

Abstract. Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are frequently used in suicide attempts. Accessibility, toxicity, and unsupervised acquisition of large amounts may be facilitators. Aims: To identify patient characteristics associated with OTC drug use as a suicide attempt method among adults. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using chart review of all individuals who presented to the emergency department (ED) of two adult general hospitals following a suicide attempt during 2009–2010 in Montreal, Canada. Results: Among the 369 suicide attempters identified, 181 used overdosing, 47% of whom used OTC drugs. In logistic regression, women and those with medical comorbidity were more likely to use overdosing, while those with substance use disorders were less likely to do so. Among those who overdosed, women were more likely to use OTC drugs, while those who were Caucasian, had children, comorbidities, diagnoses with substance use disorders, and made attempts in the Fall were less likely to do so. Substances most frequently used were: acetaminophen among OTC drugs (30%); antidepressants (37%), anxiolytics (30%), opioids (10%), and anticonvulsants (9%) among prescription drugs; and cocaine (10%) among recreational drugs. Limitations: Reasons for the suicide method choice were not available. Conclusion: OTC drugs, in particular acetaminophen, are frequently used in suicide attempts. Accessibility to these drugs may be an important contributor.

Gender-Based Violence and Factors Associated with Victimization among Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094814
Author(s):  
Carlijn Willeke Wieten ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Carinne Brody ◽  
Siyan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Forced Sex ◽  
Female Entertainment Workers ◽  
Gender Based

Women working in the entertainment industry are confronted with various forms of gender-based violence (GBV). However, their vulnerability remains understudied, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aims to examine the prevalence of GBV among female entertainment workers (FEWs) in Cambodia and identify factors associated with victimization. We conducted a cross-sectional study in November 2018 for the impact evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. We used a stratified random sampling method to recruit 600 FEWs from different entertainment venues in the capital city and three other provinces. Female data collectors administered a structured questionnaire, and we performed multiple logistic regression analyses. Of the total, 60.5% had experienced a form of GBV during their lifetime; of whom, 37.5% experienced the GBV in the past 6 months. The prevalence of emotional abuse, forced substance use, physical abuse, and forced sex was 51.5%, 25.0%, 20.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. Forced substance use and forced sex were mainly perpetrated by clients, physical abuse by intimate partners, and emotional abuse by others such as entertainment establishment owners or managers. FEWs victimized by clients (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.07, 0.53]) and others (RRR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.44]) were less likely to be married compared with victims of intimate partner violence. Factors associated with sexual harassment were working in beer gardens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.39, 95% CI = [1.20, 4.73]) and restaurants/cafés (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.69]), and having higher acceptance of violence against women (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.24]). FEWs in Cambodia experience high levels and unique forms of GBV as they are confronted with different types of perpetrators. Interventions need to be tailored to fit the specific needs of FEWs. Interventions aimed at reducing client-perpetrated violence should specifically focus on forced substance use and forced sex, while physical abuse by intimate partners should also be addressed.

Examining the Role of Substance Abuse in Elder Mistreatment: Results From Mistreatment Investigations

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendon J. Conrad ◽  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Madelyn Iris
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Financial Exploitation

Substance abuse has long been identified as a risk factor for elder mistreatment, yet research on the topic remains sparse. This study tested hypotheses whether perpetrator and victim substance use problems were associated with financial exploitation, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect versus no abuse. Cross-sectional data were collected on 948 cases with yes/no substantiation decisions where 357 cases had no abuse in elder mistreatment investigations. Hypotheses were tested using odds ratios, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses including a control for victim vulnerability. Of 948 alleged victims, 42 (4.4%) exhibited signs of substance use problems. Among the 323 alleged perpetrators, 87 (26.9%) were reported to have substance use problems. Substance use problems by alleged perpetrators were associated ( p < .01) with financial exploitation, physical abuse, and emotional abuse but not neglect. Substance use problems by alleged victims were associated with neglect, but not the other types. Alleged perpetrators with substance use problems tended to commit multiple forms of abuse, were male and not caregivers. Except for the findings on neglect, the associations with elder mistreatment were stronger for alleged perpetrators with substance use problems, than for alleged victims. Clarification of the role of perpetrator risk factors such as substance abuse should improve risk identification and subsequent intervention.

DISSOCIATION, COMORBIDITY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS, AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF WOMEN WITH CURRENT AND PAST BULIMIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Groth-Marnat ◽  
Naomi Michel
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

Dissociation and childhood sexual abuse were examined in a community sample of current bulimics (N=47), past bulimics (N=29), and non-bulimic controls (N=37). All respondents completed questionnaires requesting information relating to bulimia, dissociation, and incidence and severity of childhood sexual abuse. Participants scoring high on the measure of dissociation (N=21) were further assessed with a structured clinical interview to determine the proportion who would fulfill the formal criteria for a DSM-IV dissociative disorder. Results indicated that dissociation was highest among current bulimics, and that past bulimics had lower levels of dissociation than current bulimics (although higher than non-bulimic controls). However, there was no association between level of dissociation and incidence of reported childhood sexual abuse. In addition, the incidence of childhood sexual abuse was no higher among bulimics than among the general population – although the severity of the abuse was reported to have been higher. The severity of self-reported childhood sexual abuse was also found to be higher among current bulimics than among past bulimics. Comorbidity of DSM-IV dissociative disorders among current bulimics was found to be 10%.

scholarly journals Comparing intentions to reduce substance use and willingness to seek help among transgender and cisgender participants from the global drug survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S245-S245
Author(s):  
Dean Connolly ◽  
Emma Davies ◽  
Michael Lynskey ◽  
Monica Barratt ◽  
Larissa Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Gender Groups

AimsTo describe and compare psychoactive substance misuse help-seeking among transgender (trans) and cisgender (cis) participants from a large multi-national cross-sectional survey.BackgroundTrans people experience stressors related to their minority status which have been associated with increased rates of psychoactive substance use and related harm. Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence relating to the treatment needs of trans people who use psychoactive substances, beyond a small body of literature describing a culture of transphobic hostility in general substance misuse services. This paper aims to describe and compare psychoactive substance misuse help-seeking among trans and cis participants from a large multi-national cross-sectional survey.MethodOver 180,000 participants, recruited from the world's largest annual survey of drug use - the Global Drug Survey (GDS) - during 2018 and 2019, reported use of a range of psychoactive substances in the preceding 12 months. Five gender groups (118,157 cis men, 64,319 cis women, 369 trans men, 353 trans women and 1,857 non-binary people) were compared, using Chi-square and z-tests with Bonferroni correction, on items relating to the desire to use less psychoactive substances and the need to seek help to achieve this. Respondents from GDS 2018 were also assessed for substance dependence. Binary logistic regression was used to compare gender groups on self-reported substance dependence to frame the help-seeking analyses.ResultTrans respondents (n = 1,710) to GDS 2018 were significantly more likely than cis respondents to report use of illicit substances (OR = 1.66-2.93) and dependence on cannabis (OR = 2.39), alcohol (OR = 3.28) and novel psychoactive substances (OR = 4.60). In the combined GDS 2018 and 2019 dataset, there were no significant differences between trans (n = 2,579) and cis (n = 182,476) participants on the desire to reduce substance use. However, among those who did report wanting to use less, non-binary people and trans women were most likely to want help to achieve this.ConclusionTrans respondents reported a greater need for help with reducing substance use than cis respondents. Given the deficit of specialist services for psychoactive substance users who are trans, there is a need for a more thorough understanding of the barriers and facilitators to their engagement in general substance misuse services. In the interim, substance misuse service providers require education about gender minority status to help meet the needs of trans clients.

IMPULSIVITY IN SUICIDE ATTEMPTERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN KERALA

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Lakshmi KP ◽  
Subhash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters

Background And Objectives: Worldwide, suicide is one among the leading causes of premature mortality. Suicidal attempt is a well known risk factor for completed suicide. Impulsivity is a factor that is accepted as a good endophenotype in suicidal behaviour. Aim of this study was to study the prevalence of impulsivity in suicide attempters. Methods:This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a Medical College in Kerala from March 2015 to December 2015. 125 patients who came with suicide attempt were studied using BIS scale-11 for impulsivity. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS software. Results And Discussion: In this study, impulsivity was found in 68% of suicide attempters. Impulsivity was greater in the unmarried suicidal attempters, those with higher educational status, younger patients and those without psychiatric illness. Impulsivity was more in adjustment disorder, substance dependence, bipolar affective disorder and less in psychotic and depressed patients who attempted suicide. Impulsivity was also related to mode of suicide attempt. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of impulsivity in suicidal attempters. More studies in this area can denitely help to understand and prevent this tragic health problem.

A Study of Emotional Processing and Patterns of Adjustment among Patients with Dissociative Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn Alemu ◽  
M.V.R. Raju ◽  
Zahoor Ahmad Wagay ◽  
Dr. Arshid Hussain ◽  
Nasir Mohammad Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Emotional Style

The objective of this study was to explore the emotional processing and adjustment patterns in patients with dissociative disorders. The Study was conducted at Institute of Medical Sciences and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Srinagar, India. Methods: The patients were chosen with the help of purposive sampling. A total of 30 participants (both male and female) were taken for the study. The Cross-sectional Research Design was used to collect the data. The tools used were Personal Information Schedule, Emotional Processing Scale (EPS 25) (Roger Baker 2000) and Bell’s Adjustment Inventory. Scoring of Emotional Processing Scale and Bell’s Adjustment inventory were done using the manual. Mean and Correlation was calculated by using SPSS. Results: It was found that dissociative disorder patients were plagued by intrusive and persistent emotions. In order to avoid those negative emotions, the patients tried to avoid experiencing them. Unprocessed emotional style was found to be most frequently used by the patients. Dissociative disorder patients were found to have poor adjustment in home, social, health as well as emotional areas of adjustment; with the maximum adjustment on emotional front. Further, it was found that there was no significant correlation between emotional processing and adjustment. However there was positive correlation between health and unregulated and unprocessed emotions. Conclusion: The findings of this exploratory study shed some light on the emotional processing and patterns of adjustment. This would help in the understanding and formulation of therapeutic cases and its implications on therapeutic interventions.

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