scholarly journals Understanding cinema: The avant-gardes and the construction of film discourse

Comunicar ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (35) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian-Estela Nogueira-Tavares
Keyword(s):  
New Paradigm ◽  
Hollywood Film ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Lumiere Brothers ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Film Discourse

This essay highlights the role of historical avant-gardes in shaping film discourse. This role was vital for the recognition of cinema as an art form, as well as for the constitution of a visual and textual discourse that came to be reflected in the Institutional Mode of Representation – Hollywood film from the 1920s to the 1940s. To realize the importance of artistic movements in the creation of new paradigms for art at large, it is necessary to understand their principles and the context in which a new way of looking and reflecting on the world came about. The promotion of authentic and efficient film literacy requires focusing on the era in which cinema began. Only by examining the 19th century more deeply can we perceive what lies beyond that invention of the Lumière brothers. The essay shows that cinema was not only inscribed in the times from which it emerged but that it also launched a new paradigm that the arts of the 20th century were yet to discover. A través de este ensayo se pretende resaltar el papel que las vanguardias históricas han desempeñado en la construcción del discurso cinematográfico. Dicho papel es fundamental para el reconocimiento del cine como arte y para la constitución de un discurso visual y textual que se va a reflejar en el cine del denominado «Modo de representación institucional»: el cine hollywoodiense que va de las décadas de los años veinte a los cuarenta. Para comprender el papel de los movimientos artísticos que crearon nuevos paradigmas para el arte en general, es necesario conocer sus principios y el contexto del nacimiento de la nueva forma de ver y de representar/reflejar el mundo. La promoción de una auténtica «alfabetización fílmica» requiere centrarse en el nacimiento del cine y de su entorno, porque sólo a través de una mirada más profunda en el siglo XIX, es posible leer todo que está más allá de la creación de los hermanos Lumière. En suma, en este trabajo se pretende destacar que el cine no sólo se inscribe en su propio tiempo, sino que al mismo tiempo está lanzando un nuevo paradigma, aun por descubrir, para todas las artes en el siglo XX.

scholarly journals Los espacios turísticos: producción, experiencias e imaginarios. El caso de la Araucanía andino-lacustre chilena, 1900-1940

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-246
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

Los procesos de producción de espacios turísticos se expresan en sendas espacio-temporales, asociadas a una producción material, como las infraestructuras, equipamiento y conectividad, pero también en una producción inmaterial, basada en la difusión de imaginarios territoriales vinculados a la experiencia turística. Se busca analizar dicho proceso, en la Araucanía andino-lacustre chilena, entre 1900-1940, a partir de los relatos de los primeros viajeros con motivaciones turísticas a finales del siglo XIX y el rol de Estado como actor promotor de la turistificación del territorio en el sur de Chile. The processes of production of tourist spaces are expressed in space-time paths, associated with a material production, such as infrastructures, equipment and connectivity, but also in an immaterial production, based on the diffusion of territorial imaginaries linked to the tourist experience. It is sought to analyze this process, in the Chilean Andean-lacustrine Araucanía, between 1900-1940, based on the account of the first travelers with tourist motivations at the end of the 19th century and the role of the State as a promoter of the touristification of the territory in the South of Chile.

scholarly journals HESS Opinions: "Climate, hydrology, energy, water: recognizing uncertainty and seeking sustainability"

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Koutsoyiannis ◽  
C. Makropoulos ◽  
A. Langousis ◽  
S. Baki ◽  
A. Efstratiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. Since 1990 extensive funds have been spent on research in climate change. Although Earth Sciences, including climatology and hydrology, have benefited significantly, progress has proved incommensurate with the effort and funds, perhaps because these disciplines were perceived as "tools" subservient to the needs of the climate change enterprise rather than autonomous sciences. At the same time, research was misleadingly focused more on the "symptom", i.e. the emission of greenhouse gases, than on the "illness", i.e. the unsustainability of fossil fuel-based energy production. Unless energy saving and use of renewable resources become the norm, there is a real risk of severe socioeconomic crisis in the not-too-distant future. A framework for drastic paradigm change is needed, in which water plays a central role, due to its unique link to all forms of renewable energy, from production (hydro and wave power) to storage (for time-varying wind and solar sources), to biofuel production (irrigation). The extended role of water should be considered in parallel to its other uses, domestic, agricultural and industrial. Hydrology, the science of water on Earth, must move towards this new paradigm by radically rethinking its fundamentals, which are unjustifiably trapped in the 19th-century myths of deterministic theories and the zeal to eliminate uncertainty. Guidance is offered by modern statistical and quantum physics, which reveal the intrinsic character of uncertainty/entropy in nature, thus advancing towards a new understanding and modelling of physical processes, which is central to the effective use of renewable energy and water resources.

scholarly journals La rebelión de los Catedráticos de Instituto en Cuba (1868-1878) = The Rebellion of College Professors in Cuba (1868-1878)

2018 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
José Antonio Cañizares Márquez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
College Professors ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Great War

Tras los fracasados intentos de reforma colonial de la metrópoli española en la isla de Cuba en el siglo XIX, la Guerra de los Diez Años (1868-1878) representó la primera fase de una revolución independentista coordinada, de diferentes grupos organizados, en la que el papel de los catedráticos fue muy relevante. No obstante, existe un vacío en el trabajo historiográfico sobre el protagonismo político de los catedráticos de institutos en el proceso independentista. Resulta de sumo interés el estudio de estos actores para entender la política colonial de instrucción pública en Cuba, ya que durante la Guerra Grande el sesenta y cinco por ciento de los catedráticos fueron declarados insurrectos, acusados de delitos de infidencia, separados de sus cátedras, encarcelados y algunos ejecutados. Los objetivos de esta investigación no sólo pretenden contribuir al estudio del independentismo en Cuba sino que también pueden ayudar a consolidar los estudios de acción colectiva poco frecuentes en la historiografía española.After the unsuccessful attempts of colonial reform from the Spanish metropolis on the island of Cuba in the 19th century, the Ten Years’ War (1868-1878) represented the first phase of a coordinated independence revolution by different organized groups, in which the role of the professors was quite relevant. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the historiographic work about the political importance of these professors in the independence process. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study these actors to understand the colonial policy of public instruction in Cuba, due to the fact that sixty-five percent of the professors were declared insurgents, accused of treason, dispossessed of their positions, imprisoned and many of them were executed during the Great War. As a result, the objectives of this research are not only intended to contribute to the study of the independence movement in Cuba, but also help consolidate collective action studies that are uncommon in Spanish historiography.

Złote łany, ziemniaczane pola i zagony buraków. Roślinny krajobraz polskiej wsi w perspektywie historii gospodarczej

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1 (460)) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Piotr Koryś
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

The article discusses the role of plants in Poland’s economic development over the last 500 years. The author presents the role of five plants in the history of Poland’s development: cereals (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beet and rape. The specificity of the economic development of modern Europe has made Poland one of Europe’s granaries and an important exporter of cereals. This shaped the civilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and contributed to its fall due to institutional specificity. In the 19th century, potatoes played an important role in the population development of Polish lands, as they helped feed the rapidly growing population. The spread of sugar beet cultivation created the conditions for the development of modern sugar industry in the second half of the 19th century. It became one of the first modern branches of the food industry in Poland and contributed to the modernization of the village. Quite recently, oilseed rape was to become a plant that would bring back the times of agricultural sheikhs – no longer the nobility would trade in cereals on the European markets, but entrepreneurs producing a vegetable substitute for diesel oil.

Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of Democratic Nationalism, 1830-1920

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Literature And Religion ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religion Of Humanity ◽  
The 19Th Century

Giuseppe Mazzini – Italian patriot, humanist, and republican – was one of the most celebrated and revered political activists and thinkers of the 19th century. This volume compares and contrasts the perception of his thought and the transformation of his image across the world. Mazzini's contribution to the Italian Risorgimento was unparalleled; he stood for a ‘religion of humanity’; he argued against tyranny, and for universal education, a democratic franchise, and the liberation of women. The chapters in this book reflect the range of Mazzini's political thought, discussing his vision of international relations, his concept of the nation, and the role of the arts in politics. They detail how his writings and reputation influenced nations and leaders across Europe, the Americas, and India. The book links the study of political history to the history of art, literature and religion, modern nationalism, and the history of democracy.

scholarly journals On the Pragmatic Thought of Gabelentz from the Address Words of Chinesische Grammatik

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yahui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Chinese Teaching ◽  
Teaching Chinese

Chinesische Grammatik is a book about Chinese grammar compiled by Hans Georg von der Gabelentz, in the 19th century. It is also a textbook for teaching Chinese as a second language. Among them, “weft” is a comprehensive system, which contains his pragmatic thought beyond the times. The study of appellations not only shows Hans Georg von der Gabelentz’s pragmatic thought, but also reflects his idea that the cultivation of learners’ language ability should be the overall goal in Chinese teaching and the role of culture in cross-cultural communication. And the advanced educational concept of learning to use.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION IN COUNTERING THE GROWTH OF PROTECTIONISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Viktoriia SIDLIAR
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times

Introduction. The global economy has been shaken by a wave of protectionism, which has led to trade restrictions and a deterioration in world trade and GDP. The spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 has put the international community in a state of uncertainty and unpredictability, and world trade in a state of crisis due to a record rate of decline. Sharp confrontations in trade relations between world leaders have called into question the ability of international arbitrators, such as the WTO, to resolve trade disputes on the basis of existing rules and agreements reached. Today, WTO members recognize the need to reform the organization. The purpose of the article is to research the role of the World Trade Organization in countering the spread of protectionist policies and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. Modern tendencies of world trade and pragmatism of introduction of trade restrictions are considered. The key problems of the WTO institutional crisis are revealed and the need for its reform is determined. Conclusions. The WTO needs to be reformed in order to a more flexible structure that will better meet the demands of the times and perform its core functions more effectively, in particular, providing mechanisms for settling international trade disputes and developing and adopting world trade standards. Effective WTO reforms, the resumption of dialogue between members and the choice of achievable goals are the basis of a multilateral trading system that meets the needs of today’s digital economy and promotes economic growth. The result of WTO reforms should not be a new paradigm that is not based on trade liberalization, but the development of corrective tools that will support the benefits of this institution, meet current and future needs.

scholarly journals Entre leyes y votos. La legislación electoral en la Nueva Granada durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 12-43
Author(s):  
Edwin Andrés Monsalvo Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
New Granada ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Nueva Granada ◽  
The 19Th Century

El presente artículo muestra —a partir del análisis de las normas electorales compiladas en la Codificación Nacional—, el papel que jugó la legislación electoral colombiana en los comicios durante la primera mitad de siglo XIX. El interés principal se centra en la descripción y análisis de los requisitos para ser sufragante y elector, el desarrollo de las elecciones parroquiales, las transgresiones a las normas y el papel de los jueces durante los comicios. Nuestra hipótesis es que las normas se iban construyendo en la medida que las prácticas electorales hacían necesario su regulación.Palabras claves: legislación electoral, elecciones, electores, Nueva Granada.Between Legislation and Votes. The Electoral Legislation in the Nueva Granada During the First Half of the 19th CenturyAbstractThis article shows —from the analysis of compiled electoral standards in national encoding— the role played by the Colombian electoral legislation on the elections during the first half of the 19th century. The main interest focuses on the description and analysis of the requirements to be an elector, the development of the local elections, the violations to the rules and the role of judges during these elections. Our hypothesis is that standards were building to the extent that electoral practices made it necessary to its regulation. Keywords: electoral legislation, elections, voters, New Granada.

scholarly journals La recreación literaria de la experiencia bélica: de los modelos clásicos al nuevo paradigma de Stendhal, Crane y Tolstoi

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez Zapatero
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Stephen Crane ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Universal History ◽  
Classic Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

La recreación de la experiencia bélica ha estado caracterizada durante buena parte de la historia por su adscripción a los modelos épicos y heroicos típicos de las literaturas clásicas. La cartuja de Parma (Stendhal), La roja insignia del valor (Stephen Crane) y Guerra y paz (Lev Tolstoi), tres obras del siglo XIX gestadas en diferentes contextos culturales, suponen un hito en la representación literaria de la guerra al trasgredir los modelos tradicionalmente utilizados y emplear nuevos recursos expresivos destinados a mostrar el caos y la capacidad de la destrucción de la experiencia bélica, incorporando así en ocasiones un mensaje de corte pacifista capaz de enfrentarse al oficial. El artículo repasa los principales ejemplos de literatura bélica de la historia universal de la Literatura y analiza las tres obras citadas, centrándose en su valor como “nuevo paradigma”. Traditionally, the literary recreation of the warlike experience has been linked with the  epic and heroic typical models of the Classic Literature. The Charterhouse of Parma (Stendhal), The Red Badge of Courage (Stepehn Crane) and War and Peace (Lev Tolstoi) changed the representation of the war in the 19th century. These novels used new expressive resources destined to show the chaos and the capacity of the destruction of the warlike experience. The article revises the principal examples of warlike literature of the universal history of the Literature and analyzes these novels, centring on its value as “new paradigm”.

scholarly journals Ramón J. Cárcano: ejercicio de la historiografía, liberalismo y diplomacia. Una aproximación

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-97
Author(s):  
Eduardo A.  Escudero
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Levels

Resumen  Este artículo se acerca a una figura, aunque de algún modo principal, un tanto descuidada por la historia de la historiografía en la Argentina y en Latinoamérica: la del cordobés Ramón J. Cárcano (1860-1946). Se está en presencia de un historiador liberal que suelda su intervención intelectual y política con una tradición historiográfica fundada en Buenos Aires, mixturando a su vez esa práctica, por cierto constante y sistemática, en los tiempos e instancias de un derrotero clásico, propio de un miembro destacado de la elite política del reformismo liberal, que ubica a la historia en la médula de su disputa por el poder.  El examen propuesto documenta e interpreta el esfuerzo de síntesis historiográfica resuelto por Cárcano, concreción que proyecta el territorio historiográfico al plano de la historia diplomática y política y está dispuesto a indagar, fundamentalmente, las vinculaciones entre Argentina y Brasil durante gran parte del siglo XIX. Asimismo, se busca arribar a la conceptualización que el mismo intelectual efectuara sobre la Historia y sobre su propia labor historiográfica en el contexto argentino con sus respectivos referentes, recuperando luego las voces de sus críticos para acceder al lugar ocupado por el cordobés en distintos planos del panorama intelectual e historiográfico de la Argentina y de Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta casi finalizados los años treinta.  Palabras clave  Historiografía, Liberalismo, Diplomacia.  Abstract  This article approaches a figure, albeit somehow principal, rather overlooked by the history of historiography in Argentina: that of the Cordobese Ramón J. Cárcano (1860-1946). One is in front of a liberal historian that welds his intellectual and political intervention into a historiographic tradition founded in Buenos Aires, mixing simultaneously that practice, incidentally constant and systematic, in the times and moments of a classic course characteristic of an outstanding member of the political elite of liberal reformism, placing history in the heart of the power dispute.  The analysis proposed documents and interprets the effort of historiographic synthesis resolved by Cárcano, a realisation that projects the historiographic territory onto the plane of diplomatic and poltical history, and is ready to investigate, fundamentally, the links between Argentina and Brazil during a great part of the 19th century. Likewise, the intention is to arrive at the conceptualisation which the intellectual himself would make about History and his own historiography work in the Argentinian context with its respective references, retrieving later on his critics’ voices, to access the position of the Cordobese in the different levels of the intellectual and historiographic panorama in Argentina and Brazil from the end of the 19th century to the late thirties.  Key Words  Historiography, Liberalism, Diplomacy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document