scholarly journals Entry Denied: Japan’s Border Restrictions in the Time of the COVID-19 Emergency

Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Costalunga
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Residency Status ◽  
High Skill

With the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic, Japan adopted controversial policies to contain the virus. Unlike many highly developed countries, it enacted strict policies banning entry through its borders to all non-Japanese citizens regardless of their residency status. The further peculiarity is that these measures equalized low-skill and high-skill foreign workers, affecting them identically. Along with describing how the emergency has been handled in relation to foreign nationals, this article highlights how pre-existing socio-cultural dynamics of differentiation between “insiders” and “outsiders” have evolved in response to the pandemic.

LIBERALISM BEYOND BORDERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren E. Lomasky
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Difference Principle ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Liberal Political Theory ◽  
International Difference

While citizens of developed countries enjoy lives of unmatched affluence, over a billion people struggle to subsist on incomes of less than $1/day. Can't we conclude that their poverty constitutes a glaring injustice? The answer almost certainly is yes—but not because some countries are rich, nor because of inadequate levels of redistribution. Liberal political theory traditionally maintains that persons are rights-holders, and the primary duty owed them is noninterference. Corrupt and tyrannical governments flagrantly violate the liberty rights of their captive populations. External governments conspicuously fail to respect noninterference, however, when they erect barriers to trade between foreign nationals and their own citizens, subsidize domestic industries, prevent innocent movement across borders by would-be workers, and when they tender assistance to abusive states (such as foreign aid that lines the pockets of kleptocrats and enhances their power). The theory advanced here is similar to that of Rawls in rejecting an international difference principle, but unlike Rawls it advances an account of international justice as continuous with domestic principles of justice.

scholarly journals The selectivity of attracting foreign nationals to work in recipient countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Marina Leonidovna Galas
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

The article provides a comparative analysis of practices on regulating the employment of foreign nationals, used in large recipient states (Germany, USA, Canada, Russia, Republic of Korea). The subject of the study is the process of external labor migration, taking into account country regulatory approaches to attracting foreign labour. The study aims to develop theoretical principles and methodology for regulating the process of external labor migration. The methodology is based on the polyparadigmal concept of the study, using theoretical experience in the study of migration processes and the practice of influencing their regulation. The scientific novelty of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a selective approach to attracting foreign workers to national labour markets. As a result of the study, a methodology has been developed to assess the impact of migration processes on labour market regulation in recipient countries. Promising for countries hosting external migrant workers is the mechanism of targeted organized recruitment of foreign nationals to carry out work activities. At the heart of this mechanism is the selective selection of job seekers on the basis of professional, sociocultural, educational and personal criteria that correspond to the interests of the host external migrants of society and the recipient state. To understand the basic administrative approaches and the system of economic, legal and social instruments for regulating the process of external labour migration, it is important to study the practice of adaptation activities of large recipient States, which have a systematic and proven mechanism of inclusion of foreign job seekers. Measures to regulate external labour migration needed to be balanced, since increased restrictive measures could lead to an increase in illegal external labour migration, and excessive preferences for foreign workers could restrict the rights of recipient citizens.

scholarly journals POLITICAL REFORM OF LABOR PROTECTION LAW IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arpangi Arpangi
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Labor Welfare

In its development, economic globalization has created an affiliation between the local economy and the international economy. It resulted in an extraordinary blow to the economic system in third world countries that were trying to become developed countries. It can be seen in the issue of protecting workers' welfare, which is not fair. So, this article intends to discuss related to the protection of workers' welfare in the era of globalization and the weaknesses that affect the protection of labor rights in the era of globalization, which can't realize justice for workers. The article is expected to be able to stimulate each party to re-discuss the issue of protecting labor welfare in the current era of globalization in Indonesia. The results of research produced are The factors that influence injustice in protecting workers' welfare in Indonesia are Legal rule factors, Influence Factors of Globalization can also be concluded that the failure of labor law politics in Indonesia will have an impact on the increasing poverty rate in Indonesia due to increasing unemployment in Indonesia as one of the effects of the flood of foreign workers in Indonesia with the number of employment that is running low.

scholarly journals Labor immigration of Kazakhs to France

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
А.K. Kistaubayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Post War

This article examines the state of labor immigration of the Kazakh Diaspora, as well as studying the possibilities of conditions for economic adaptation of Kazakhs in developed capitalist countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of labor migration of Kazakhs to France. Based on this goal, the study solves the following tasks aimed at studying the history and current situation of Kazakhs living in France, in the focus of analyzing the policy of the French government in relation to immigration workers and employees in the 1945- 1980-ies; the reasons for labor immigration of Kazakhs to France. Western Europe has become a center of attraction for foreign workers coming here, primarily from the less developed countries of the continent, as well as from Turkey. In the last ten years, inter-state migration of workers in Western Europe has grown to unprecedented proportions. Every year, more than a million workers were sent from one European country to another in search of work. The reasons lay in the political and economic crisis, the increase in the unemployment rate, which was the result of an increase in the number of migrants among Kazakhs in France. The post-war economic situation caused the demand for workers to restore the economy destroyed by the war, and led to an increase in the level of tariffs (wages). Scientists believe that the active replenishment of the French labor market with cheap foreign labor from other countries is due to the convenient location of France.

The Influence of Attitudes toward Immigrants on International Migration

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Gorinas ◽  
Mariola Pytliková
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Multilateral Resistance ◽  
Migration Factors ◽  
And Control

We investigate whether anti-immigrant attitudes affect migrant inflows in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Using longitudinal exhaustive data, we find that natives’ hostility, particularly natives’ propensity to discriminate on the labor market, reduces immigration. This effect is comparable to more conventional migration factors. We obtain robust results when we, for example, capture hostility with far-right parties’ popularity instead and control for tighter immigration policies or multilateral resistance to migration. We find a stronger effect for EU-to-EU migrants, migrants from developed countries and linguistically close countries. Our results raise a challenge for policy makers when the demand for foreign workers and anti-immigrant sentiment are present.

Kuwaiti anti-expat rhetoric could deter incomers

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
International Image ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Government

Subject Anti-expatriate sentiment in Kuwait. Significance Some Kuwaiti nationals are increasingly hostile to the presence of foreign nationals, who constitute two-thirds of the population. Certain vocal MPs are calling to reduce their number and tax those that remain. By contrast, the government is considering labour law reforms to assist expatriates: preventing visa sponsors from holding foreign workers’ passports and tackling the trade in their visas. Impacts The persistent demographic imbalance will stoke further anti-expatriate rhetoric. Kuwait, in common with some other Gulf states, will suffer an international image problem regarding foreign labour. Without tackling the inadequacies of the Kuwaiti labour force, the emirate will remain heavily dependent on foreign workers.

The Location Choice of Offices of International Companies

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Dunning ◽  
G Norman
Keyword(s):  
Location Choice ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
Foreign Operations ◽  
High Skill ◽  
Office Location

There has been a structural shift of employment in developed countries towards the tertiary sector, and an increase in the proportion of economic activity being conducted by international firms. This paper is an examination of the factors that influence location choice of international offices, by means of survey data that facilitate a sectoral analysis of location choice. Analysis of the motives that lead to direct foreign operations is based on the ownership–location–internalisation paradigm, which suggests that international firms tend to be most active in those sectors in which their ownership advantages are most pronounced, and in which these advantages are best exploited internally to the firm. A branch–regional classification is used to distinguish cases in which office-location choice is dominated by external market forces (branch offices) and those in which location is determined by internal organisational forces. The primary influences on location choice are market size and the need for personal presence to serve this market. There is also clear evidence of a ‘bandwagon’ effect. But more detailed influences vary with office type and sector. In this respect, the quality and availability of resources are generally more important than direct costs. The United Kingdom emerges as a high-skill economy with a flexible labour force and good communications facilities. It is also the case that, although proximity to London remains important, there is a clear tendency to consider locations further from London, a tendency that will be further encouraged by technical change and improvement in domestic travel infrastructure.

scholarly journals Pengawasan Warga Negara Asing Penerima Bebas Visa Kunjungan dalam Perspektif Hukum Kewarganegaraan

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Helga Anton Prayulianda ◽  
Antikowati Antikowati
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

The President issued a Presidential Regulation concerning visa-free visits to 179 countries aimed at advancing the economy. Referring to Presidential Regulation 21 of 2016 concerning Free Visit visa, in which Article 3 paragraph (1) that the recipient is free of a Visit visa is exempt from the obligation to have a Visit visa to enter Indonesian territory. As well as Article 4 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) states that foreign tourists will be given permission to stay for a visit for 30 days but cannot extend the period of the visa exemption or convert it into another residence permit. Although the regulation will attract many foreign tourists to visit Indonesia, over time many of them have misused the right. This article found that the increasingly high demand and supply of labor made use of the visa-free policy gap that visited, leading to the emergence of increasingly massive illegal foreign workers. This is clearly a bad impact on Indonesia. So this article seeks to formulate how to improve the oversight mechanism for misuse of visa-free visits that could potentially harm the state. Keywords: Supervision, Foreign Nationals, Visa-free Visit

scholarly journals Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 2096-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alfaro ◽  
Andrew Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
Level Information ◽  
New Firm ◽  
Cost Differences ◽  
High Skill

We use a new firm-level dataset that establishes the location, ownership, and activity of 650,000 multinational subsidiaries. Using a combination of four-digit-level information and input-output tables, we find the share of vertical FDI (subsidiaries that provide inputs to their parent firms) to be larger than commonly thought, even within developed countries. Most subsidiaries are not readily explained by the comparative advantage considerations whereby multinationals locate activities abroad to take advantage of factor cost differences. Instead, multinationals tend to own the stages of production proximate to their final production, giving rise to a class of high-skill, intra-industry vertical FDI. (JEL G11, J32)

Foreign Workers in Kuwait: Implications for the Kuwaiti Labor Force

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasra M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
The Government

Foreign nationals comprise 60 percent of the population and 78 percent of the labor force in Kuwait. The government there seeks to reduce the dependancy on foreign workers and is designing several policies to attain this goal. Structural analysis of the labor force indicates that 62 percent of Kuwaiti males are concentrated in administrative and service occupations while their percentage in sales and production work has declined during 1970–80. This demonstrates the need for reorienting educational/training programs and changing Kuwaiti attitudes towards manual work to ensure the realization of the “Kuwaitization” process, and balance the nationals with foreign nationals.

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