Political Stability, Austerity Measures, External Imbalance, and Debt Impact on the Egyptian Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-102
Author(s):  
Doaa Salman ◽  
Mohga A. Bassim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Long Time ◽  
World Economic

Economic difficulties manifested by the low GDP per capita, high unemployment, high rates of inflation, limited sources of foreign currency, mounting internal and external debts, and high subsidies have been facing Egypt for a long time. Despite the higher growth rates in Egypt in the first decade of the millennium, the persisting economic difficulties and political instability problems led to the 2011 uprising. Against expectations, the political instability, security issues, and unrest, which followed the uprising, and the world economic difficulties led to further deepening of the economic problems of Egypt due to the reduction in the limited sources of foreign currency and fragile economic structure. Egyptian dependence on income from remittances, the Suez Canal, and tourism as the main sources of foreign currency are inadequate. Egypt should diversify its economic activities by further engagements in the services sector, direct more effort to technological advances, and increase the added value to its products by empowering the large youth and educated population.

Transformation of Employment Structures in Poland - Servitization of Economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Dorota Kotlorz ◽  
Anna Skórska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Added Value ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
It Services ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Polish Economy

Transformation of the Polish economy and the related process of reallocation of labour resources have been progressing since the beginning of the 1990s, but their growth is insufficient. The current level of development of the service sector does not constitute an adequate alternative to diminishing employment in the so-called declining heavy industries, which were dominant in the Polish economy for many years. Given that a more dynamic growth in the services sector can contribute to the labour market balancing alleviating the unemployment problem, not only by the absorption of people laid off from the restructuring industrial enterprises but also by providing new jobs for young people, it is necessary to increase consistently the share of modern section services in GDP and total employ-ment.Increasing employment and created added value in modern, knowledge-based services are consistent with the direction of changes observed in the developed countries.In Poland, the employment is steadily increasing in services related to real estate and businesses, financial and insurance services, particularly in IT services. The knowledge embodied in products and technologies and highly skilled labour resources determines the innovativeness of the economy, providing a source of growth and competitiveness. Therefore, the direction and pace of these changes are important.One of the possibilities of further service sector development in Poland is the offshoring of business services. The created BPO and KPO centres allow for the absorption of high-quality labour resources, including university graduates, whose numbers are increasing from year to year. This is even more important as in the long time span the sector development and created jobs will increasingly be based on the human factor and the skills possessed by employees rather than on lower labour costs compared with other locations. 

scholarly journals ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Мошков
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Far Eastern

Перспективы социально-экономического развития субъектов Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДФО) связаны с решением ряда проблем, одной из которых является необходимость перехода от преимущественно добывающей («сырьевой») экономики, к обрабатывающей, выпускающей продукцию с высокой долей добавленной стоимости. Для этих целей была разработана и недавно утверждена Национальная Программа развития Дальнего Востока России. Помимо решения социально-экономических проблем, Программа призвана решать и вопросы национальной безопасности, за счет обеспечения устойчивого развития государства, а также субъектов ДФО на долгосрочную перспективу. При этом, отмечается, что экономический рост необходимо обеспечивать, прежде всего, путем развития инновационной системы, модернизации приоритетных видов экономической деятельности и совершенствования межбюджетных отношений. The prospects of socio-economic development of the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD) are connected with the solution of several problems, one of which is the necessity of transition from a predominantly extractive ("raw") economy and manufacturing, which produces products with high added value. For these purposes, the National Program for the Development of the Russian Far East was developed and recently approved. In addition to solving socio-economic problems, the Program is designed to solve national security issues by ensuring the sustainable development of the state, as well as the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District for the long term. At the same time, it is noted that economic growth should be ensured primarily through the development of the innovation system, modernization of priority economic activities, and improvement of inter-budgetary relations.

scholarly journals TO THE ACTUAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES OPERATING ABROAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Suglobov ◽  
Yaroslav Voroncov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Developing Directions ◽  
World Economic

The uncertainty of the conditions of the market economy and its impact on the functioning of modern enterprises is characterized by instability and unpredictability of the external environment. The increase in the number of unprofitable enterprises, the severe impact of the crisis and pandemic, the threat of bankruptcy determine the importance of developing directions and measures that ensure the effectiveness of financial and economic activities, stable economic condition and economic security. In real time, the main aspects of economic security of various enterprises occupy an important place in the world economic science, which causes the interest and relevance of studying economic security issues from scientists from different countries.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES OPERATING ABROAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Voroncov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Developing Directions ◽  
World Economic

The uncertainty of the conditions of the market economy and its impact on the functioning of modern enterprises is characterized by instability and unpredictability of the external environment. The increase in the number of unprofitable enterprises, the severe impact of the crisis and pandemic, the threat of bankruptcy determine the importance of developing directions and measures that ensure the effectiveness of financial and economic activities, stable economic condition and economic security. In real time, the main aspects of economic security of various enterprises occupy an important place in the world economic science, which causes the interest and relevance of studying economic security issues from scientists from different countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of investment environment security in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Blakyta ◽  
Nataliia Guliaieva ◽  
Iryna Vavdijchyk ◽  
Olena Matusova ◽  
Anastasia Kasianova
Keyword(s):  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Conservative Attitude

World economic crises, internal economic and political instability have led to declining the level of investment attractiveness and investment security of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to propose an integral index in order to assess investment environment security and determine factors affecting the investment environment security of Ukraine. The suggested assessment is based on the data of World Bank’s indexes with the following blocks of factors: the availability of economic freedom, favorable organizational conditions for doing business, political and legal freedom, supply of resources and infrastructure development. The assessment of Ukrainian investment environment security and its Western neighbors – the European Union member states – has shown that it has lowest rank and highest volatility in Ukraine. The article identifies a direct statistical relation between the volume of foreign direct investment flows in Ukraine and the indicator of political stability and the absence of violence in the country. The main reasons of investment attractiveness reduction in Ukraine were as follows: conservative attitude of investors towards risks due to political instability, manifestations of violence and terrorism; deterioration of the overall financial situation of enterprises, which are the recipients of investments. The article substantiates that conditions for the investment attraction and secure environment in Ukraine have not been formed yet. The system of indicators and criteria for assessing the level of investment environment security should be expanded.

Analyzing the production and economic indicators of Russia's largest iron and steel works

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1550
Author(s):  
N.N. Yashalova ◽  
I.L. Ryabkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. We investigate trends in the development of the largest steel companies in the Russian Federation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to conduct an industry-wide analysis of the production and economic activities of the largest domestic enterprises operating in the iron and steel industry. Methods. The study employs methods of comparative and system analysis, graphical and statistical methods for data processing. Results. We present the analysis of main production and economic indicators of the leading steel producers of the Russian Federation, i.e. NLMK, Severstal, MMK, and EVRAZ. The paper reveals their current status and key development trends. Conclusions. The largest Russian steel companies face serious challenges in both the domestic and foreign market. Competitive interactions in the domestic market as to the sale price of rolled metal and the share of presence are particularly sensitive. The threat of reduced supplies to export markets is also significant for Russian steel producers. It may entail insufficient utilization of capacities and potential loss of added value. The companies mainly export semi–finished goods and hot-rolled flat products, i.e. low-added value products. Products with high added value are usually delivered to the domestic market.

scholarly journals Contextualization of the Bioeconomy Concept through Its Links with Related Concepts and the Challenges Facing Humanity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7746
Author(s):  
Leire Barañano ◽  
Naroa Garbisu ◽  
Itziar Alkorta ◽  
Andrés Araujo ◽  
Carlos Garbisu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Shed Light

The concept of bioeconomy is a topic of debate, confusion, skepticism, and criticism. Paradoxically, this is not necessarily a negative thing as it is encouraging a fruitful exchange of information, ideas, knowledge, and values, with concomitant beneficial effects on the definition and evolution of the bioeconomy paradigm. At the core of the debate, three points of view coexist: (i) those who support a broad interpretation of the term bioeconomy, through the incorporation of all economic activities based on the production and conversion of renewable biological resources (and organic wastes) into products, including agriculture, livestock, fishing, forestry and similar economic activities that have accompanied humankind for millennia; (ii) those who embrace a much narrower interpretation, reserving the use of the term bioeconomy for new, innovative, and technologically-advanced economic initiatives that result in the generation of high-added-value products and services from the conversion of biological resources; and (iii) those who stand between these two viewpoints. Here, to shed light on this debate, a contextualization of the bioeconomy concept through its links with related concepts (biotechnology, bio-based economy, circular economy, green economy, ecological economics, environmental economics, etc.) and challenges facing humanity today is presented.

RELATIONSHIP OF ACCOUNTING AND STATISTICAL ACCOUNTING OF LOGISTIC COSTS IN THE INTEGRATED BUSINESS STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Olga Gizatullina
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Accounting Management ◽  
Supply Costs

For economic entities, business partnerships are not based on individual competition or improving individual business processes, but on improving supply chains. When making management decisions, the question arises about the performance indicators of business processes both at the level of an economic entity and at the macro level. When assessing the effectiveness of supply chains, it is necessary to assess the costs arising in the course of financial and economic activities. The logistics component has a large share in the supply costs. A full accounting of logistics costs allows you to obtain reliable information for the analysis and development of measures to reduce them, which increases the efficiency of the entire economic activity of an economic entity. The article proposes a classification of logistics costs according to the degree of added value creation and dependence on the volume of production, including the allocation of transaction costs, which make up a significant share in the overall structure of logistics costs. The classification of logistics costs should be transformed depending on the organizational and legal form of the organization and the field of activity. The system of accounting for the logistics costs of economic entities should highlight them when implementing all logistics functions; study information about the most significant logistics costs and the nature of their occurrence; study the interdependencies of logistics costs throughout the entire supply chain. The developed system allows keeping separate accounting of logistics costs on a separate account, which makes it possible to control them. In modern conditions, organizations are faced with the need to integrate various types of accounting, including accounting, management and statistical. The algorithm for the implementation of this task includes four stages: development of a methodology for the integration of accounting, management and statistical accounting; formation of management accounting policies; development of data transformation regulations; selection of software for the automation of statistical, accounting and management accounting

scholarly journals Regime Types or Party Systems: What Matters More For Political Instability In The Developing World?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
M. Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Party System ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
What Matters

<p>Political stability is desired by every state. But is it contingent upon regime types or party systems? Existing studies on political stability suggest that regimes such as authoritarianism, democracy, and dictatorship and their variants have variously influenced political stability. Some have proved to be friendly with political stability in certain countries, while counterproductive for some other. However, the existing literature has exclusively focused on regime types alone neglecting the factor of party systems. This article argues that not only regime types but party systems also influence political stability. Based on data from Asia, Africa and Latin America this article examines the following four assumptions. Firstly, absolute monarchy and absolute authoritarianism together with no or one party system generally maintain political stability. Secondly, constitutional monarchies together with multiparty system generally maintain political stability. Thirdly, presidentialism together with dominant party system generally maintains political stability. And finally, parliamentarianism together with multi-party system is generally negatively related with political stability.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges and prospects of German foreign policy

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-424
Author(s):  
Ognjen Pribicevic ◽  
Brano Miljus
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
German Foreign Policy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Long Time ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Eu

For the last few years, the German foreign policy has been under constant temptations and substantial reconsideration. The key role in resolving the difficult economic and financial crises in the EU, the development of close economic ties with the Russian and other rising world economic powers, the decision to sustain in the UN Security Council in deciding to authorise the use of force in Libya, as well as the dominant attitude towards the crises in Greece and Kosovo clearly shows the wish of Germany to pursue a more independent foreign policy. In spite of all these efforts and its huge economic power, Germany has failed to become a global political power. Moreover, in order to protect and develop its trade interests Germany must remain within the frameworks of the EU and the NATO. For a long time, Germany has been one of Serbia?s most important economic and political partners. Since it is realistic to expect that Germany will be more oriented towards developing its economic ties with the new world economic powers, the Western Balkans and Serbia will not be in the focus of its foreign and economic policies. Therefore, for Serbia, it will be useful to concentrate on the cooperation with the mighty German provinces that have their interests in developing this cooperation. In the future, the Kosovo issues will remain the main obstacle to it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document