Bio-Farming as the Basis of Environmentally-Sustainable Arable Farming at the Time of Global Warming

Author(s):  
Olga Pasko ◽  
Natalia Staurskaya ◽  
Alexandr Zakharchenko ◽  
Valeriy Zharnikov ◽  
Yuriy Larionov

The concept of environmentally sustainable farming, in which the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is compensated by the accumulation of organic carbon in the arable horizon and deposited in the subsoil, is substantiated. The rationale for agrotechnical methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is given. Authors discuss new approaches to the management of soil fertility, plant productivity, and resistance of agrocenoses, based on the principles of bio-farming, the laws of soil fertility, root-circulation, and the management of edaphy and epiphytic processes. Their use allows one to improve soil fertility and purposefully increase the potential and effective resource of agricultural production. The large-scale implementation of the principles of bio-farming in agricultural production during the global warming requires the elaboration of special programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex, its geo-information support, including monitoring of land fertility using GIS technologies.

Author(s):  
Volodymyr ROSSOKHA ◽  
Svitlana CHEREMISINA

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the current state of the agro-industrial potential of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Prospects for development of the region’s agrarian economy are substantiated on the basis of identified structural transformations. In the process of research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical – to formulate conclusions; comparative analysis – to compare indicators and identify trends in their change; tabular – for a visual representation of the obtained research results; statistical – when analyzing the state of the agricultural economy of Crimea and its potential; monographic – detailing the current state and problems of the functioning of agriculture in the region; graphic – to illustrate the trends of the studied economic phenomena. The tendency of a significant decrease in the share of the agro-industrial complex in the aggregate gross regional product of Crimea and share of employed workers is revealed. It is proved that the main transformational imbalances in the practice of the agricultural economy functioning are: a large-scale reduction in the areas and volumes of production of moisture-dependent crops, the destruction of forage and rice industries, a steady trend of low crop yields and reduced livestock of animals. These factors led to a decrease in the production of food products in the region. The problematic issue is the aggravation of the situation with water supply and water use on the peninsula, as a result of which there was a tenfold reduction in the area of irrigated land. The factors that have a destructive effect on the efficiency of the functioning of the agricultural economy of Crimea are systematized. The methodological and practical aspects of the study of the water management complex problems of the Republic of Crimea and the development of criteria system for effective functioning of the region’s agricultural production have received further development. These approaches and research results can be used by governmental authorities for organizing of monitoring and analysis system of socio-economic state of agricultural production in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.


2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032061
Author(s):  
N Osadchaya ◽  
A Murzin ◽  
R Revunov ◽  
G Plokhotnikova

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the main trends in the agro-industrial complex development of the Russian Federation, substantiate the organizational and economic recommendations aimed at stimulating Russian agricultural production and enhancing of this economy sector competitiveness. An extensive corpus of empirical data reflecting the agro-industrial complex development in the Russian Federation in 2016-2020, as well as its place in foreign trade operations of the Russian Federation has been thoroughly studied in frames of this research. Using the tools of statistical data processing (sampling, observation, summary and grouping), the methods of econometric analysis, the dynamics of agro-industrial complex products manufacturing, the rate of the main indicators’ change, the place of agro-industrial complex in export-import operations of the Russian Federation have been revealed, the main indicators have been compared. The geographic conditions diversity of the Russian Federation, combined with a wide range of climatic features, the availability of land and water resources creates favorable conditions for productive agricultural activities. It has been established that large-scale agricultural producers dominate in agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The directions of agro-industrial complex, in particular, crop production and cattle rising, are unevenly developing in the Russian Federation. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which administratively represent the Southern Federal and North Caucasian Federal Districts specialize mainly in the cultivation of grain and oilseeds due to the natural and climatic factors’ action. State authorities of the Russian Federation successfully implement the tools to stimulate agricultural production, in particular: preferential taxation regime, subsidies for lending to the agro-industrial complex economic entities from the state budget, leasing development, etc. The state support mechanism effectiveness can be intensified by using the organizational and economic tools substantiated by the authors.


Author(s):  
I. F. Yurchenko ◽  

Purpose: study, analysis, assessment of opportunities, advantages and prospects, as well as difficulties, barriers, risks and feasibility of creating, introducing and using innovative technologies for managing agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The methodological basis of the work is based on the study, generalization and comparison of structural, functional, technological, ergonomic and other significant factors of information systems that characterize their shortcomings and opportunities for the development of highly productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural production. Results: an analysis of the formation of digitalization of domestic agricultural production showed the need to attract actively private investment in the agricultural sector of the economy, which in turn led to the need for large-scale information coverage of the benefits and risks of digitalization as a powerful factor in increasing the investment attractiveness of agribusiness. The priority and promising directions of digitalization of the reclamation sector of the economy are identified and characterized. The advantages of using automated technologies for managing the reclamation regime of agroecosystems are shown, which ensure the cost-effectiveness of automation. Along with the indicators of the expected effect, the factors characterizing the complexities, difficulties and risks of failure to achieve the planned investment efficiency, which consideration contributes to the leveling (elimination) of these restrictions, are considered. Proposals are formulated to improve the information and analytical resource for substantiating the effectiveness of digitalization and the state influence on its formation based on the development of platform technologies. Conclusions: intensification of work on the analysis, assessment and coverage of the state of digitalization of the crop production system with the ability to access it for all interested participants in agribusiness will motivate the entrepreneurs to invest in the latter.


Author(s):  
Б.Б. Доскалиева ◽  
А.С. Байдалинова ◽  
B. Doskalieva ◽  
A. Baidalinova

В современных условиях развитие агропромышленного комплекса, включающего материальные, финансовые и трудовые ресурсы, является крайне важным для продовольственной безопасности государства. Агропромышленный комплекс Республики Казахстан, в который входит сельское хозяйство и переработка продуктов питания, является основным поставщиком продовольствия населению страны и от его успешной деятельности напрямую зависит состояние продовольственной безопасности Казахстана. Целью исследования данной статьи является раскрытие роли, значения АПК для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Казахстана, выявление зависимости производства продуктов питания от различных факторов, на основе использования методов математического моделирования – корреляционно-регрессионного анализа. Объектом исследования в данной статье выступает АПК Казахстана. В статье рассмотрено влияние на объем выпуска продукции сельского хозяйства следующих факторов: субсидии, инвестиции в основной капитал, объем кредитования, уровень активности в области инновации, уровня занятости в сельском хозяйстве. Выявлено, что наибольшее влияние на объем выпуска продукции сельского хозяйства оказывает государственная поддержка АПК в форме финансового инструмента - субсидирования и инвестиций в основной капитал сельского хозяйства. Показано, что наметилась отрицательная тенденция в развитии сельского хозяйства и АПК Казахстана, как отток трудовых ресурсов из отрасли из-за низкой заработной платы. Авторы пришли к выводу, что пока в АПК Казахстана не будет обеспечен достаточный приток инвестиций с целью реализации масштабной модернизации и реконструкции сельскохозяйственного производства, техническое и технологическое отставание будет сохранено в промышленности, следовательно, проблема повышения конкурентоспособности данной отрасли будет особенно реальной. В результате авторы предлагают в дальнейшем в качестве совершенствования государственной политики в сфере развития АПК осуществлять меры активной государственной поддержки АПК, не нарушающих правила ВТО, разработать программы адресной продовольственной помощи социально-незащищенных слоев населения. In modern conditions, the development of the agro-industrial complex, including material, financial and labor resources, is extremely important for the food security of the state. The agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which includes agriculture and food processing, is the main supplier of food to the population of the country and the state of food security of Kazakhstan directly depends on its successful activity. The purpose of this article is to disclose the role, significance of the agro-industrial complex for ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, identifying the dependence of food production on various factors, based on the use of mathematical modeling methods – correlation and regression analysis. The object of research in this article is the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The article examines the impact on the volume of agricultural output of the following factors: subsidies, investments in fixed assets, the volume of lending, the level of activity in the field of innovation, the level of employment in agriculture. It was revealed that the state support of the agro-industrial complex in the form of a financial instrument – subsidies and investments in fixed assets of agriculture – has the greatest impact on the volume of agricultural production. It is shown that there has been a negative trend in the development of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan, as an outflow of labor resources from the industry due to low salary. The authors came to the conclusion that until a sufficient inflow of investments is ensured in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan in order to implement large-scale modernization and reconstruction of agricultural production, the technical and technological lag will remain in the industry, therefore, the problem of increasing the competitiveness of this industry will be especially real. As a result, the authors propose, in the future, to improve the state policy in the field of agro-industrial complex development, to implement measures of active state support for the agro-industrial complex that do not violate the WTO (World Trade Organization) rules, to develop programs for targeted food assistance to socially unprotected segments of the population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51814
Author(s):  
João Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Rita de Cassia Alves de Freitas ◽  
Djalma Junior de Almeida Taveres Souza ◽  
Adriano Veniciús Santana Gualberto ◽  
Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽  
...  

The implementation of integrated agricultural production systems is considered a promising strategy for sustainable agricultural intensification in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different monoculture and integrated production systems on the microbiological attributes and organic carbon of soil from the Cerrado region in Piauí, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from the 0.0-0.10-m layer in the following systems: no-tillage (PD), pasture (PAS), exclusive eucalyptus cultivation (CEE), integrated livestock-forest system (IPF) and a native Cerrado (CN) area, which was used as reference. Total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (NT) contents, microbial biomass carbon (CMIC), microbial respiration (MR), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), as well as the activities of the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA), acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and urease enzymes were evaluated. High TOC contents were found in the CEE, IPF and PAS systems, and high CMIC and qMIC values were found in the CN and CEE systems. The variables MR, qCO2 and enzymatic activity varied as a function of the management systems. The IPF and CEE systems caused improvements in the soil attributes, with increases in organic carbon and microbial biomass. The IPF integrated production system promoted improvements in the microbiological indicators of soil quality and was considered an environmentally sustainable agricultural production system. The transition from CN to agricultural areas caused changes in the soil microbiological indicators, which were perceived several years after anthropogenic intervention, indicating that even with the adoption of conservation systems, it was not possible to reestablish the soil microbial biomass.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  

One of the goals of national development can be the preservation of Russian soils and their ecological functions, and a unified plan for achieving these goals must necessarily include programs for implementing measures to ensure the expanded reproduction of soil fertility used in agricultural production. It is necessary to amend Federal Law No. 101-FZ of 16.07.1998 "On State Regulation of ensuring the fertility of agricultural land" in terms of defining the concepts of soil, soil fertility, rational use of soils and agrochemicals. The system of state monitoring of agricultural land should be complete, have information about the past and current state of soil fertility and the necessary measures for its reproduction. Sustainable development involves "climate-neutral" agriculture, which necessarily ensures the reproduction of soil fertility (preferably expanded); maximum use of organic matter resources, including animal waste (or rather secondary resources); there is no reduction in humus reserves in arable soils (decarbonization); their degradation, including all types of erosion, is completely excluded; uncontrolled circulation and entry of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compounds into the environment is not allowed. "Green agrochemistry" is the inadmissibility of uncontrolled entry of chemical elements and substances into the environment, reducing the number of stages of the full cycle of obtaining marketable products, including the production of applied agrochemicals, as well as the utilization and useful use of waste and by-products of agricultural production. The latter are actively involved in the turnover, become goods, raw materials, components used, among other things, as part of the means of reproduction of soil fertility Keywords: SOIL, FERTILITY REPRODUCTION, LAND, LAW, LEGISLATION, SOIL RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


The key aspects of the process of designing and developing an information and cartographic control tool with business analytics functions for the municipal level of urban management are considered. The review of functionality of the developed tool is given. Examples of its use for the analysis and monitoring of implementation of the program of complex development of territories are given. The importance of application of information support of management and coordination at all levels of management as an integral part of the basic model of management and coordination system of large-scale urban projects of dispersed construction is proved. Information and map-made tool with business intelligence functions was used and was highly appreciated in the preparation of information-analytical and presentation materials of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow. Its use made it possible to significantly optimize the list of activities of the program of integrated development of territories, their priority and timing.


Author(s):  
Nikolay Sitnikov

The article analyzes the results of the activities of the agro-industrial complex of the Kirov region in 2019, identifies the factors restraining the growth of economic efficiency of agricultural production, and suggests directions for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias May ◽  
Kira Rehfeld

Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut to limit global warming to 1.5-2C above preindustrial levels. Yet the rate of decarbonisation is currently too low to achieve this. Policy-relevant scenarios therefore rely on the permanent removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. However, none of the envisaged technologies has demonstrated scalability to the decarbonization targets for the year 2050. In this analysis, we show that artificial photosynthesis for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction may deliver an efficient large-scale carbon sink. This technology is mainly developed towards solar fuels and its potential for negative emissions has been largely overlooked. With high efficiency and low sensitivity to high temperature and illumination conditions, it could, if developed towards a mature technology, present a viable approach to fill the gap in the negative emissions budget.<br>


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