Performance-Enhancing Media

2011 ◽  
pp. 507-520
Author(s):  
Jon Michael Mills
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Mere Exposure ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Virtual Advertising ◽  
Performance Enhancing

With the billions of dollars at stake in sport enterprises, it is not surprising that advertising permeates every facet of athletic competition as companies attempt to increase awareness of their products to the millions of sports fans around the world who continue to make it a multi-billion dollar industry. Today in sports, it seems that everything can be purchased, even “virtual space.” For advertisers, however, the proliferation of exposure is not indicative of over-saturation, but rather presents a need for innovative ways to reach their target audiences. Like athletes who use intensive workouts and nutritional supplements, advertisers are looking for performance-enhancing broadcast options. Virtual advertising is a relatively new, performance-enhancing technique that can improve a company’s competitive edge. Following an examination of mere exposure theory, this chapter will turn to a discussion of the benefits and opportunities of virtual advertising in sports events, and finally will explore the potential controversies and drawbacks surrounding virtual advertising technology.

Impact of international sports events on the attendance of domestic sports league games using Chinese Super League data

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Yeujun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Sports Fans ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The World ◽  
International Event ◽  
Soccer Fans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Super League

PurposeExperiences of high quality games between top-class sports teams could influence sports fans’ decision to attend the domestic sports games. For example, soccer fans who watched the World Cup games between the best national teams are likely to be disappointed with the performance of their domestic league teams after the World Cup event, while more people might be attracted to watch a soccer game because of their increased interest in soccer games. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the international sports event (i.e. the World Cup) influences the demand of the domestic sports league games in the non-hosting country.Design/methodology/approachTo test these antithetical hypotheses, the authors collect the Chinese Super League game-level data from 2004 to 2011. For analysis, the authors propose two empirical models rigorously developed based on previous sports marketing theories.FindingsThe findings are surprising compared to previous studies for the hosting countries or countries that performed spectacularly during the World Cup tournaments. The authors find that the international event negatively influences the attendance of domestic games. Specifically, it gives salience to the competitive quality of a match and helps enhance the impact of star players. Furthermore, the authors find evidence of dynamic effects of the international event.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the previous sports literatures by expanding our understanding of the effect of international sports events. Particularly, the results shed light on international events’ impact on the domestic sports league demand in more general conditions based on its influence on people’s behavior, rather than focusing on the effect caused by facility development or dramatic performance during the international event.

scholarly journals Technological advances in elite marathon performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon W. Senefeld ◽  
Michael H. Haischer ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Chad C. Wiggins ◽  
Rachel Beilfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
World Class ◽  
Marathon Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing

ABSTRACTThere is scientific and legal controversy about recent technological advances in performance running shoes that reduce the energetic cost of running and may provide a distinct competitive advantage. To better understand the potential performance-enhancing effects of Nike’s pioneering marathon racing shoes, we examined the finishing times and racing shoes of the top 50 male and 50 female runners from the World Marathon Major series in the 2010s — before and after the introduction of new Nike shoe models (4%, NEXT%, Alphafly, and other prototypes; herein referred to as neoteric Nikes). Data for racing shoes were available for 3,886 of the 3,900 performances recorded at the four annual marathons in Boston, London, Chicago, and New York. In full cohort analyses, marathon finishing times were 2.0% or 2.8 min (138.5 ± 8.1 min vs. 141.3 ± 7.4 min, P<0.001) faster for male runners wearing neoteric Nikes compared to other shoes. For females, marathon finishing times were 2.6% or 4.3 min (159.1 ± 10.0 min vs. 163.4 ± 10.7 min, P<0.001) faster for runners wearing neoteric Nikes. In a subset of within-runner changes in marathon performances (males, n = 138; females, n = 101), marathon finishing times improved by 0.8% or 1.2 min for males wearing neoteric Nikes relative to the most recent marathon in which other shoes were worn, and this performance-enhancing effect was greater among females who demonstrated 1.6% or 3.7 min improvement (P=0.002). Our results demonstrate that marathon performances for world-class athletes are substantially faster wearing neoteric Nikes than other market-leading shoes, particularly among females.

scholarly journals Performance of the national fencing team of Ukraine at the XXXII Olympic Games and the prospects of its performance at the next Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Olga Kuvaldina ◽  
Volodymyr Driukov
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sports Statistics ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
The Olympic Games

Analysis of Ukrainian athletes’ results at the XXXII Olympiad Games allows pointing out the factors of the weak performance of Ukrainian athletes in women's individual saber and epee competitions, as well as men's team epee competitions, despite the possibility of winning medals in these sports events according to many analysts including those of Infostrada Sports and other sports statistics experts. These, in our opinion, include an unsatisfactory level of efficiency of the process of reaching the peak of readiness for the Olympic Games; lack of psychological stability of athletes at the competitions; weak tactical preparation of some athletes. Based on the performances of athletes of the Ukrainian fencing team in Tokyo, a conclusion was made about the unsatisfactory level of athletes’ preparation for the XXXII Olympic Games. Only 20% of the national team members were able to realize their potential at the XXXII Olympic Games. The dynamics of the athletes’ results at the World Championships 2017 – 2019 indicates the need to use in the new Olympic cycle the planning, which is focused on our athletes reaching the peak of readiness for the Olympics: at first, the training should be aimed at the maximum stimulation of the growth of sportsmanship, whereas at the final stage it should be focused on its realization in the major competitions. It is shown that despite the unsuccessful performance of the Ukrainian fencing team in the Olympic Tokyo, this type of martial arts has significant potential for improving sports achievements at the XXXIII Olympic Games 2024 in Paris. It is noted that in the new Olympic cycle it is of crucial importance to identify candidates for the XXXIII Olympic Games as soon as possible and to create all the conditions for their full-fledged preparation. Thus, to ensure further winning medal places at the Olympic Games, it is necessary to improve the system of sports training in the Olympic cycle, which envisages participation in numerous competitions during the year to achieve a high level of readiness in the major competitions of triennial – the Olympic Games.

scholarly journals The Perspectives of Amateur Soccer Players and their Coaches on the Use of Performance Enhancing Substances

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Thanujj Kisten ◽  
Rowena Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Adolescent and youth sports seem to have progressively developed in South Africa to the point where young athletes are considering doping and the use of performance-enhancing substances (PES). This study determined the perspectives of U-19 soccer players and their coaches in the eThekwini region, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, on the use of supplements and drugs. Male participants (n = 449) playing first team soccer from development clubs in the eThekwini region, and their respective coaches (n = 30), volunteered to participate in this study. A questionnaire was administered to players and coaches were interviewed. Soccer players and their coaches believed that consuming prohibited substances in sport was unethical. The majority of the players (73.9% either agreed or strongly agreed) and coaches believed that doping in soccer is on the increase. About a quarter of the players consumed nutritional supplements and smoked cannabis. Anti-doping educational programmes and behaviour change interventions are vital in order to educate and transform athletes&rsquo; and coaches&rsquo; perspectives on doping and PES, and their resultant behaviour.

scholarly journals BRANDING OF STATES AND NATIONS IN (POST) COVID 19 ERA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Dašić ◽  
◽  
Boban Dašić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this paper is the COVID-19 pandemic impact on nations and states branding. Nations branding is very important for their global position. That is why there are numerous specific ways for state branding: film industry, sports events, civil engineering ventures, cultural and public events, diplomacy, celebrities, public relations, tourism etc. In general, people know very little or nothing about individual nations and states, so sports and tourism, as globally popular advents, may represent extraordinary set for their promotion. Globalism is a process of whose activities no state or person is spared. It is followed with numerous advantages but with numerous menaces too. With one of them, the world is struggling these days – the COVID-19 pandemic. Sports events all around the world are postponed or canceled in an effort to stop the virus from spreading. Pandemic and counties lockdowns almost killed global tourism.

A Magic “Bullet”: Exploring Sport Fan Usage of On-Screen, Ephemeral Posts During Live Stream Sessions

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110389
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Michael L. Naraine ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Chenyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Practical Implications

The bullet-screen function is an augmented comment feature that has been adopted by the majority of Over-the-Top (OTT) services to foster users’ interaction and watching experience. This feature empowers sports customers to post and view numerous, short, and fast-moving comments that overlap over the screen while watching live stream sports events in real time. This research aims to investigate how sports fans embrace the bullet-screen feature while watching live stream sports. Through a combination of thematic analyzing bullet-screen comments from a National Basketball Association Finals game, and semi-structured interviews among bullet-screen users ( N = 15), the results indicate that sport fans’ bullet-screen messages could be classified into five categories: critical commentary, socialization, supportive interactions, random messages, and trash talk. Four motives for sports fans to engage with bullet-screen posting were identified: entertainment, gathering information, interaction, and finding belonging. The study also showed that the inappropriateness of comments and too much overlay on the screen could prevent sports fans from utilizing the service. Theoretical and practical implications have also been discussed.

Sites of Girlhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Tiffany Rhoades Isselhardt
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Board ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Girl Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Bear Witness

Where are the girls who made history? What evidence have they left behind? Are there places and spaces that bear witness to their memory? Girl Museum was founded in 2009 to address these questions, among many others. Established by art historian Ashley E. Remer, whose work revealed that most, if not all, museums never explicitly discuss or center girls and girlhood, Girl Museum was envisioned as a virtual space dedicated to researching, analyzing, and interpreting girl culture across time and space. Over its first ten years, we produced a wide range of art in historical and cultural exhibitions that explored conceptions of girlhood and the direct experiences of girls in the past and present. Led by an Advisory Board of scholars and entirely reliant on volunteers and donations, we grew from a small website into a complex virtual museum of exhibitions, projects, and programs that welcomes an average 50,000 visitors per year from around the world.

Customer Relationship Management through Communication Strategy

2012 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Abdel Moneim M. B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Business Changes ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
Future Business

Changes in today’s organisations are often necessary for survival due to the world becoming smaller and the threat from foreign imports becoming more apparent to businesses. Often the most damaging element of this foreign threat is the low costs at which they can operate. Many factors, including inexpensive labour, exchange rates and economies, make production more efficient and reduce the overall costs significantly to enable a significant competitive edge. For example, Fibres is a polyester manufacturer who faces this threat and has realised the need for change towards more speciality products with differentials other than price. However, this will involve major changes in production, including the production methods and the adoption of TQM to ensure that the differential of quality is utilized. This paper examines communication as an enabler for change and studies the current communication methods within the company against the desired improvement processes from groups within those companies, culminating in a targeted internal marketing strategy to aid future business changes.

Infrastructure Support for Smart Organizations

2009 ◽  
pp. 897-918
Author(s):  
Peter Bertok ◽  
Xinjian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Service Component ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
A Value ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
The World

In a rapidly changing world, continuous adoption of new practices is crucial for survival; organizations embracing the latest technologies have a competitive edge. Smart organizations readily take on board new organizational forms and practices, those in particular that offer agility and responsiveness. The Internet and the World Wide Web offer a new way of collaboration via Web services, but heterogeneity of different service components make cooperation difficult. This chapter describes a new approach to combine Web services by employing a layered structure, in which composition of a value-added service can be built from individual components, and each service component can have semantically equivalent but syntactically different alternatives.

scholarly journals Polvere di stelle The Italian platform for data-sharing and data-preserving of modern and ancient astronomical resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Mauro Gargano ◽  
Antonella Gasperini ◽  
Luisa Schiavone ◽  
Francesca Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
The Web

Polvere di stelle (Stardust) is the web portal of the National Institute for Astrophysics(INAF) dedicated to the Italian astronomical libraries, archives and museums. It offers different tools and databases created to support astronomical research and increase the value of one of the richest astronomical heritages in the world. In a single virtual space one can find useful tools for sharing digital resources and other services for current research. Besides the OPAC, consisting of bibliographic data of ancientand modern books and serials, the portal offers to astronomers, scholars, students, amateur astronomers and historians of science the possibility to search at the same time other databases: manuscripts, instruments, archival documents and biographies of astronomers. Furthermore, a digital showcase of rare books plays a relevant role in the portal. This paper illustrates the ongoing developments and perspectives of Polvere di stelle.

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