Strategy as Action

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Zeleny
Keyword(s):  
Mission Statements ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Corporate Action ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Knowledge ◽  
A Company ◽  
Traditional Strategy

In the post-crisis era, new concepts are emerging, while some old and dysfunctional ones are being discarded. Strategy is about making series of decisions that drive corporate action under specific coupling with company’s environment and context. Because decisions are actions, the strategy itself is action, not just a description of action. In the world of traditional strategy, descriptions (information) have replaced action (knowledge), and talk has replaced walk. We start from the premise that strategy is what company does, and what company does is its strategy. One cannot run a company just on descriptions and framed mission statements. The role of customers is crucial: the customer shapes strategy and triggers corporate action. Without respecting the customer, there is no viable strategy. This is why we label the action-based strategic thinking as “Anti-Porter”: consumers do not want tradeoffs and thus truly effective strategy cannot be rooted in Porter’s tradeoffs.

Strategy as Action

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Milan Zeleny
Keyword(s):  
Mission Statements ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Corporate Action ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Knowledge ◽  
A Company ◽  
Traditional Strategy

In the post-crisis era, new concepts are emerging, while some old and dysfunctional ones are being discarded. Strategy is about making series of decisions that drive corporate action under specific coupling with company’s environment and context. Because decisions are actions, the strategy itself is action, not just a description of action. In the world of traditional strategy, descriptions (information) have replaced action (knowledge), and talk has replaced walk. We start from the premise that strategy is what company does, and what company does is its strategy. One cannot run a company just on descriptions and framed mission statements. The role of customers is crucial: the customer shapes strategy and triggers corporate action. Without respecting the customer, there is no viable strategy. This is why we label the action-based strategic thinking as “Anti-Porter”: consumers do not want tradeoffs and thus truly effective strategy cannot be rooted in Porter’s tradeoffs.

scholarly journals Do Callable Convertibles Support The Investment Process Of A Company? An Analysis Of The World Market Of Hybrid Debt

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Damian Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Convertible Bonds ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
A Company

Using a sample of 1,705 convertible bonds issued by manufacturing and service companies from the United States (1,138 issues); Europe (270); and Asia (297) between 2004 and 2014 this paper investigates the role of callable convertibles in the corporate investment process. This research shows first that callable convertibles are used to finance investment projects particularly by American firms which may exercise new investment options to improve poor financial performance. Secondly, the same strategy may be followed by European companies, but they seem not to carry out investments on as large a scale as American firms. Thirdly, the research results do not provide evidence that Asian enterprises use callable convertibles for investment purposes: they likely use these instruments for different reasons.

Cytomegaloviral Infections: Epidemiology, Therapy, and Prevention

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
George A. Nankervis
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Current Review ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Different Strains

The role of cytomegalovirus in human disease is a still-evolving story. Hanshaw presented an excellent review article on the subject in 1981 in this publication; this current review is an update, with particular emphasis on new concepts in the epidemiology and prevention of cytomegaloviral infection and disease. Historically, evidence of infection with cytomegalovirus was first reported by pathologists in many parts of the world. They noted the presence of giant cells with intranuclear inclusions while examining a diversity of organs microscopically. Isolation of the virus and development of serologic techniques eventually enabled a definitive study of the agent, its pathogenesis and epidemiology. Biologically, it is one of the herpesviruses and, as such, is a DNA virus. Other members of the group include varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, and Epstein-Barr virus. Several different strains of cytomegalovirus exist, and they have specific characteristics which are of interest. The virus is cell associated and tends to be very labile; it has a tendency to become latent and may possibly have malignant potential. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence Infection with cytomegalovirus is found throughout the world. Studies of prevalence in a number of diverse populations have indicated that cytomegaloviral infection is ubiquitous. The major differences in prevalence between populations are related to the speed of acquisition of infection in various geographic and socioeconomic settings.

Leadership in Rural Central American Villages

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Yanira Oliveras-Ortiz ◽  
Wesley D. Hickey ◽  
Jennifer S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Central America ◽  
Education System ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Central American ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of The Principal

Educational leaders in rural schools across the world face distinctive challenges. In this chapter, the authors report the findings of two studies examined through narrative inquiry conducted in a Garifuna and Ketchi Mayan village in Central America. The case studies explore the role of the principal as a strategic leader to improve the education system, and the impact of these leaders in their communities. By sharing these stories, the authors illustrate the importance of strategic thinking, as well as both transformative and servant leadership to promote change.

China and the Emergence of Bangladesh: Role of Great Power Global Perceptions

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World

China's attitude to the Bangladesh Question has evoked a great deal of interest among China watchers. Its professed aim to end exploitation all over the world while extending assistance to West Pakistani exploiters expectedly provoked both academics and activists. Here an attempt is made to examine China's strategic thinking on a vital region, that is South Asia, and the real-politik that pushes into irrelevance the revolutionary pledges. China's failure to forestall the birth of Bangladesh forced it initially to fabricate a fake rationale and finally to reverse, through quick recognition, a hostile population into a friendly nation. History ends where politics begins; history, however, explains the present South Asian political scenario—the emerging triangle of China-Pakistan-Bangladesh, favourably disposed to the United States, while fetching sustenance from an anti-Indian prejudice.

scholarly journals ОРГАНИЗАЦИОНО УЧЕЊЕ И ЗНАЊЕ: ОД ИНДИВИДУАЛНОГ ДО ИНТЕРОРГАНИЗАЦИОНОГ НИВОА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ана Алексић Мирић
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Theory Of Organization ◽  
Organizational Science ◽  
A Company

The companies today are under constant pressure to learn continuously and to apply innovations in doing business. Technical tools and work technology are changing almost on a daily basis and unless a company adapts to these, it can easily fail to update its way of functioning and the delay can prove to be quite difficult to overcome. At the same time, the increasing role of intellectual capital as an economic resource affirms the need for a deeper understanding of the way in which intra and inter organizational learning occurs, of the mechanisms which can enhance learning and the forms it can take, as well as the ways in which it can be transferred. Organizational learning and knowledge management are relatively new concepts in the theory of organization; thus, they are areas of great debates. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the development of different concepts of organizational learning and knowledge respecting their complexity, to provide a summary analysis that represents the basis for the learning and knowledge in organizations and to indicate the potential ways of future research in response to the dynamics of the development of business practice and the research needs of organizational science.

scholarly journals Internal and inter-organizational collaborations created by companies and standards that transcend national boundaries

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Nobuko Nishiwaki ◽  
Akitsu Oe ◽  
Takashi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Head Office ◽  
The World ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The University ◽  
A Company

As the world has become increasingly globalised, it is now commonplace for companies to have a head office in one country, but various outposts in other countries. Manufacturing is one of the prime examples of this, where the main driving force of an organisation is located in one place but production sites are located overseas. Indeed, the flexibility of a company's ability to relocate production sites overseas is seen as an effective strategy for global manufacturing firms. However, there is a traditional way of viewing such structures, where the main headquarters of a company are the lifeblood of that company, with the localised production sites seen as almost peripheral. Professor Nobuko Nishiwaki is based within the Nihon University College of Economics in Japan, and is the Principal Investigator of a project that seeks to qualify and establish the importance of local production sites; that they are far more than passive actors in the process by which production is relocated. She is working alongside colleagues Associate Professor Akitsu Oe from the Tokyo University of Science and Professor Takashi Shimizu from The University of Tokyo.

scholarly journals A Review of COVID-19 Pandemic: Myths, Misconceptions, and Role of Media Education in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
E. D. Izekor ◽  
V. N. Okpuzor ◽  
E. Morka ◽  
P. T. Nnaji
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Masses ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Government Security

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Nigeria and many countries of the world in recent times. It has introduced some level of new concepts and social phenomena in many countries. The interference of myths and misconceptions in the mitigation of the epidemics in Nigeria calls for attention. Many Nigerians harbor some level of myth or misconceptions about COVID-19. Lack of confidence in the integrity of government, security agents, health officers among many other factors is the popular opinion that has contributed to the spread of misconceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic by many Nigerians. The mass media through programs, activities, campaigns, information dissemination etc, educates and detect to the society what is important. There is need for synergism between the private, public, local and international organization for the masses to receive the proper education that will debunk the harmful myths and misconceptions among many Nigerians.

scholarly journals The role of philosophy and ethics at the edges of medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis

Abstract Background The edge metaphor is ubiquitous in describing the present situation in the world, and nowhere is this as clearly visible as in medicine. “The edge of medicine” has become the title of books, scholarly articles, media headlines, and lecture series and seems to be imbued with hype, hope, and aversion. In order better to understand what is at stake at “the edge of medicine” this article addresses three questions: What does “the edge of medicine” mean in contemporary debates on modern medicine? What are the challenges “on the edge of medicine” (in these various meanings of “on the edge”)? How can philosophy and ethics contribute with addressing these challenges? Methods Literature searches in PubMed and Google Scholar are used to identify uses of the phrase “the edge of medicine” while conventional content analysis is used to analyze meanings of and challenges with “the edge of medicine.” These results are then investigated with respect to how philosophy and ethics can address the identified challenges. Results The literature reveals that “the edge of medicine” has many meanings, such as: Border; Margin (of life); Frontier; Forefront; Fringes; Plunge (abyss); Brink (verge); Conflict; and Balancing. In general, the various meanings address four basic challenges: setting limits, keeping control, make meaning, and handling conflicts or aporias. The analysis of each of the meanings of “the edge of medicine” identifies a wide range of important and urgent tasks for the humanities in general, and for philosophy and ethics in particular: 1) clarifying concepts; 2) clarifying assumptions and premises of arguments, methods, advice, and decisions; 3) elaborate new concepts and new theories; 4) conceptualize and handle uncertainty, moral regret, and residue; 5) reveal “the emperor’s new clothes;” 6) identify trends and reflect on their implications; 7) demarcation; and 8) reflecting on goodness in medicine. Conclusion The phrase “the edge of medicine” expresses a wide range of challenges for modern health care. Together with other disciplines philosophy and ethics can and should make crucial contributions at “the edge of medicine,” which is where the future of human beings and societies is created and formed.

Exporting Spanishness: The Role of Netflix in Shaping How the World Imagines Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
NOVIA PAGONE
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Similar Path ◽  
A Company ◽  
Made In

The worldwide leader in streaming television, Netflix exercises significant influence over what viewers watch through algorithms and the shaping of communities based on a set of culturally determined preferences, or ‘taste communities’. Furthermore, its reputation for producing noteworthy and boundary-pushing original television content creates the expectation that Netflix will follow a similar path in Spain, where viewers represent diverse backgrounds. This essay argues that as a company based in the US creating original shows for broadcast to a global audience, Netflix sidesteps many of the thorny issues surrounding contemporary Spanish national identity and the country’s multicultural ‘ethnoscape’ to focus on genres and storylines that have proved successful on the platform. In this way, the streaming company offers locally produced content that appeals to existing global taste communities. Their made-in-Spain original dramas - Las chicas del cable, La casa de papel and Élite - present common themes such as socio-economic inequality, social mobility and female friendship, and settings that resonate with a local audience while remaining accessible and relevant globally. In this way, Netflix influences how Spain is portrayed to a global audience while maintaining a local presence.

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