INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF EFFICIENCY OF MANAGING INFRASTRUCTURE OF ENTERPRISES AT MICRO AND MACRO LEVELS OF ECONOMY

The article deals with one of the key concepts of the theory of organization, namely the effectiveness of management, which is understood as an economic category that reflects the contribution of management activities to the end result of the organization. The theoretical aspects of formation of industrial and logistical infrastructure are considered in the article. A functional-structural approach to the formation of infrastructure security is presented. The concepts of "infrastructure" as an economic category are considered, an approach adequate for its analysis is defined. The methodological foundations of defining the concept of infrastructure as one of the most important components of the production system are investigated. It is noted that it is necessary to consider its constituent elements from the point of view of a unified system that fulfills the condition of functional necessity and ensures the interconnection of production processes at the micro and macro levels of the economy. Three groups of tasks are considered in the process of interaction of the external environment of direct influence and the external environment of indirect influence on the logistics and production system. It is concluded that diversity, problem character and ambiguity of the final vector of the development of logistic processes to the changing market conditions, necessitate the activation of scientific research, theoretical rethinking and stabilization of the ongoing transformations. The necessity for a reasonable construction of an integrated system that would perform the functions of managing, controlling and regulating the processes of movement of material resources, personnel, energy, information and other flows for the effective operation of industrial production is considered. The necessity of further theoretical understanding of the strategic aspects of the security of logistics infrastructure at the micro and macro levels of the economy is proved.

Projects and Project Activities in the Activities of Domestic Organisations: objectives and issues

Currently, domestic researchers pay much attention to the development of provisions on projects in the activities of organizations, their impact on the efficiency of organizations and the development of new provisions related to project management and organization of project activities. However, the definitions of projects and project management often given by domestic researchers are not linked to the key concepts of the theory of organization management, which leads to the fact that the provisions given by domestic researchers often have no practical application. The article systematizes approaches to defining the essence of projects in the activities of organizations, considers the reasons why projects and project activities become relevant for organizations in a competitive environment, as well as problems and their tasks in the activities of commercial organizations.

A Relational Theory of Organization Creation About Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture by Tim Ingold (2013)

In his book Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture, Tim Ingold describes human action after having studied the four fields mentioned in the title. The anthropologist recommends that researchers live with the group of people being studied. He criticizes the hylemorphic approach of human action, according to which human beings are seen to impose a preconceived form from their mind onto matter, or the material. Instead, he proposes a theory of life in society based on so-called lines of correspondence. Drawing on the cases of a prehistoric human being, a medieval craftsperson and an artist, he sees these to be experiencing, with other beings and with objects, lines of correspondence defined by attention and transformation and which are developed in a process.

INFORMATION AND INFORMATION AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

В статье освещается динамика информационно-компьютерных технологий, рассмотренных через призму кибернетических взглядов Н. Винера. Кибернетика трактуется как теория организации и теория борьбы с мировым хаосом, с роковым возрастанием энтропии. Современные коммуникационные технологии представлены не как спокойное течение, а как поток сообщений, проходящий в атмосфере противоречий и рисков. Показана информационная действенность интернета, характеризуется сущность современного потребительского общества, реализован критический подход к базовым понятиям «знание» и «информация». The article highlights the dynamics of information and computer technologies considered through the prism of N. Wiener's cybernetic views. Cybernetics is interpreted as a theory of organization and a theory of struggle against world chaos, with a fatal increase in entropy. Modern communication technologies are presented not as a calm flow, but as a flow of messages passing in an atmosphere of contradictions and risks. The informational effectiveness of the Internet is shown, the essence of the modern consumer society is characterized, a critical approach to the basic concepts of "knowledge" and "information" is implemented.

Theoretical fundamentals of the gility of strategic decisions / Fundamentos teoricos de la gilidad de las decisiones estratégicas

In the theory of organization and strategic management, the adaptation or adjustment of the organization with the highly dynamic environment was studied. Strategic decisions play the role of relating the environment with the organization. The objective of the document was to present the theoretical foundations of the agility of strategic decisions as a contribution to the theory of decisions. The dynamism of the environment is an important factor that influences organizations and managers to be more agile in making strategic decisions in order to take advantage of opportunities, face risks, survive in the market and achieve high performance. Perspectives are proposed as a theoretical foundation: strategic choice, "upper echelon", organizational capabilities, organizational agility and dynamic capabilities. A methodology based on a systematic review of the literature was applied. As a result, a theoretical framework is proposed for the study of decisions considering the dynamism of the environments and the attributes of the organizations. It is an important contribution to decision-making theory, by incorporating the concepts of agility, strategies, dynamism of the environment and the adaptation of the organization to the environment.

How market orientation induces small business performance: The role of strategic fits

The purpose of this study is to shed light on how strategic fits between market orientation and the prospector strategy leads to higher performance of small businesses in Vietnam. This study draws from the contingency theory of organization to propose that strategic fits in small businesses represent by prospector strategy's mediating effects on the link between market orientation and these small businesses' performance. Data collected from 161 small businesses in Vietnam was examined. PLS-SEM was used to assess the research framework. The results reveal that the fit between market orientation and the prospector strategy, represented by the full mediating effects of this strategy, is essential to determine the performance improvement of small businesses in Vietnam. For the findings, this study provides some practical implications for small business owners in Vietnam. This study also contributes to the strategic management literature by providing empirical evidence, which suggests the strategic fits between prospector strategy and market orientation induces performance. This study also overcomes the limitations relating to the proposals of the analytic framework to assess strategic fits. Lastly, this study extends to strategic management literature by examining the role of strategic fit in small businesses' contexts.

Problems of Modern Understanding of a Legal Entity

The article examined the functions of a legal entity. The research revealed the interrelation between functions an factors determining the formation and existence of the institution of a legal entity. The research emphasized that since the inception of a legal entity institution, the issue of the legal nature of this type of subjects of civil law has been controversial, both in Russia and abroad. Based on the results of the analysis of fictitious and realistic theories of a legal entity, a conclusion was made about their futility due to a limited view on the essence of a legal entity arising from the need to follow the requirements determined by the hypothesis within the corresponding theory. The theory of legal entity proposed by Professor O.A. Krasavchikov, known as the theory of organization, is analyzed. It is emphasized that the theory of O.A. Krasavchikov fully corresponds to the modern understanding of a legal entity, including its normative definition, contained in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The study revealed the potential and prospects of the development of organization theory for modern social science. To further develop the theory of O.A. Krasavchikov, the author put forward a concept of understanding a legal entity as a unified system of organizational relationships. All main relationships (and their participants) that form a legal entity as an integral system were considered.

TECHNOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC INTELLECTUAL SYSTEMS IN DIGITAL ECONOMICS

Introduction. The paradigm of the modern development of economic intelligent systems is associated with the introduction of information technology, technology platforms, protocols, and IoT. Understanding the essence of technological breakthroughs and finding ways to implement technological innovations to digitize economic processes should help solve a number of problematic areas of doing business that focus on improving competitiveness. Methods. The methodological basis of the article was the current principles of the theory of innovation, methods of cognition, which are formed in the main works on the theoretical direction of the theory of organization, theory of organizational behaviour, theory of competition and theory of system analysis. Results. The essence is examined and the feasibility of using blockchain technology to increase the competitiveness of the business and reduce the risks of its business is proved. An idea of the functioning of the blockchain technology has been formed and the advantages based on the principles of invariability and accessibility of the tool have been highlighted, therefore they should work on the safety and efficiency of doing business. The experience of introducing blockchain technology by foreign countries is analyzed, possible applications are identified. The modern vitality of economic intellectual systems requires specialized technical knowledge and skills, understanding of the essence of technological processes and access to databases that allow to combine economic and technological pools of knowledge to achieve business goals. Discussion. Prospects for further research will be concentrated in the field of potential applications of blockchain technology on the Ethereum platform through smart contracts with promising use of artificial intelligence. Keywords: economic intelligent systems, digitalization, blockchain technology, Ethereum platform, smart contract, competitiveness.

Inconveniences of Studying During a Pandemic – a Case Study

Introduction: The presented work is an attempt at diagnosing how much the restrictions connected with the COVID-19 pandemic have changed the lifestyle of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Health (the University of Physical Education in Warsaw, the Branch in Biała Podlaska) and which inconveniences hindering normal studying are the most painful for them. Material and methods: The study included students of the aforementioned Faculty participating in classes dedicated to decision-making techniques as a part of subjects connected with the theory of organization and management. After those classes they worked out at home their answers referring to issues occurring within the following techniques: 1) the Daily Time Budget, 2) the Brainstorming, 3) the Fishbone Diagram, 4) the Borda-Kendall Method. The results were analysed with the “Statistica” computing package (13.3 version). The significance of intergroup differences (between students of different fields and men and women) was analysed with the χ². Results: It has been found out that there was a significant increase in the time devoted to self-study, watching the Internet and TV, homework. There were no classes in university premises as well as a decrease in social contacts. Among the factors that made studying more difficult, the lack of practical classes was ranked first, Internet problems second, and additional household chores came third. Conclusions: What turned out the most significant among inconveniences of online studies during the pandemic was limitation – or just lack – of practical classes, what is a problem requiring considerations and a systemic solution.