scholarly journals Spineless cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal (Dactylopius sp.) on the composition and sensory properties of goat milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e47873
Author(s):  
Beatriz Dantas Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga ◽  
Roberto Germano da Costa ◽  
Divan Soares da Silva ◽  
Mariana de Lima Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Body Weights

The physical-chemical characteristics and sensory attributes of milk are variable. This study aimed to evaluate how spineless cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal (Dactylopius sp.) influences the composition and sensory characteristics of goat milk. Twelve lactating goats with body weights of 51.35 ± 3.75 kg were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square, with three simultaneous squares composed of four animals, four periods, and four experimental diets: Control - goats fed tifton grass hay and concentrate; SCOE - goats fed the Orelha-de-elefante spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCB – goats fed the Baiana spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCM – goats fed the Miúda spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate. The levels of protein and non-greasy solids and the sensory attributes of the milk (odor, butter flavor, and global acceptance) did not differ between the treatments (p > 0.05). The lipid content of the milk was reduced in the SCOE treatment compared to the control (p = 0.0014). The milk obtained from animals fed the SCOE and SCM treatments had a stronger flavor (p < 0.05). These results suggest that varieties of spineless cactus resistant to carmine cochineal can be used as goat feed without affecting milk production or global acceptance.

scholarly journals Partial replacement of corn by forage cactus in the diets of lactating goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Santiago Silva Goveia ◽  
Veronaldo Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Gladston Rafael De Arruda Santos ◽  
Karla Dias Antunes Melo ◽  
Aline Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of corn by forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) in the diets of lactating goats on the nutrient intake, milk production and composition and ingestive behavior. Five crossbreed Saanen x Pardo Alpina goats with body weights of 47 ± 3.3 kg were used in the study. The design was 5x5 Latin square design, in which the treatments were as follows: 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% of girl cactus included in the diet as a partial replacement of corn, with 0, 18, 36, 54 and 72% of the added the cactus comprising of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Walp) as roughage in all treatments. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the dry matter intake, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients with the increasing levels of cactus in the diet, presenting means of 1.64, 0.26, 0.82, 0.54 and 1.17 kg day-1, respectively. In the same way, no influence was observed on the daily milk production and levels of fat, protein, lactose and total solids of milk, which averaged 1.18 kg day-1; 3.74, 3.34, 5.06 and 13.56%, respectively. The inclusion of cactus also had no influence (P > 0.05) on the ingestion behavior. The treatment with 35% cactus showed a lower impairment of food intake (31%). The partial replacement of the corn by the girl cactus in the diets of dairy goats can be accomplished because it does not alter the intake, milk yield and composition and feeding behavior. The replacement of up to 54% corn by the cactus is recommended to reduce producer costs for food.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition in dairy goat milk in response to roughage diet

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Shizuo Torii ◽  
Júlio César Damasceno ◽  
Luciano da Rocha Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Shiguero Sakaguti ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics (density, pH, acidity, fat, protein, lactose and total of solids contents) and milk fatty acids composition (C: 4 to C: 20) in response to roughage sources (alfalfa hay T1; oat hay T2 and maize silage T3). Nine Saanen lactating goats were used, in a triple Youden square design (3 animals x 2 periods). There was no treatment effects in the physical-chemical variables in the univariate analyses; by multivariate analyses three distinct patterns of fatty acids could be defined: milk with greater quantity of short chain fatty acids and acids C17:1omega7 e C18:2omega6 (T1); milk with equivalent amounts of short, medium and long chain fatty acids (T2); and milk with greater amounts of acids C16:1omega7, C17:0, C18:1omega9 and C20:0 (T3). These results indicated that the roughage sources used in the diet of lactating dairy goats affected the fatty acids composition, without altering the milk physical-chemical characteristics. The acids more sensitive to the treatment effects were: C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1omega7, C18:0 and C18:3omega6.

scholarly journals Mastitis in dairy goats from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: profiles of farms, risk factors and characterization of bactéria

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1742-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magna C. Lima ◽  
Marina C.C. Souza ◽  
Isis F. Espeschit ◽  
Pedro A.C.C. Maciel ◽  
Jéssica E. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais has a specialized goat milk production chain. Goat milk is superior in quality compared with milk of other domestic species, and the demand for milk and milk products for the public has increased. Data on dairy goat breeding in Minas Gerais are scarce and relatively old, and this lack of information has limited the implementation of prophylactic measures, especially for mastitis, which represents the biggest sanitary problem for dairy herds. The objective of this work was to characterize mastitis and bacteria associated with it in milking goats in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. It also causes socioeconomic problems and market issues for dairy goat farming. A total of 539 lactating goats were examined and 268 individual samples (one for teat) were collected from animals positive for strip cup test and/or the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Microbiological cultures were carried out on blood agar medium and the bacteria were subjected to phenotypic, genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.0% and the clinical prevalence was 2.8%. Bacterial multiplication was obtained in 62% of samples. One hundred eighty seven total bacteria were identified. The most common species identified was Staphylococcus aureus (60%), followed Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.1%,), Escherichia coli (6.9%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.9%) e Staphylococcus caprae (4.3%). Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus presented a profile of resistance to antimicrobials belonging to the beta-lactam class (penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin) in addition to tetracycline, in contrast to the other antimicrobials tested. Twelve percent of multidrug resistence (MDR) was found in five microregions. Among the bacteria with the highest prevalence of MDR, 38.5% were E. coli and 10.6% were S. aureus. The producers of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais are technicians who work with specialized dairy breeds and practise good management. However, some measures related to prophylaxis and control of diseases, such as vaccination, have low adherence or are not performed due to a lack of veterinary assistance. This is the first study focusing on this region, which is highly prominent in goat milk production in Brazil. It provides important information that can help in the implementation of measures for the prophylaxis and control of diseases, and for maintenance of a constant supply of products in sufficient quantities and of a quality suitable for the consumer population.

Effects of increasing supplementation levels of rice bran on milk production and fatty acid composition of milk in Saanen dairy goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Park ◽  
E. G. Kwon ◽  
C.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Forage Intake

In this study, the effects of four dietary supplementation levels of rice bran (RB) on milk yield and composition were examined in Saanen dairy goats. Four goats (initial bodyweight, 55.0 ± 7.1 kg) and four 21-day periods were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. The diets contained 0, 5, 10, and 20% DM of RB, but were otherwise formulated to be 10.7 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and 18.8% crude protein/kg DM. Goats consumed the greatest amount of DM feed concentrate when fed the 5% RB diet (P < 0.01); however, DM forage intake was not significantly different between diets. Total DM intake of the 5% RB diet was significantly higher than that of the control diet (P < 0.05). Milk yield was the lowest from goats fed the 20% RB (P < 0.01). The protein concentration of milk was significantly lower in goats fed the control and 5% RB diets than in those fed the 10 and 20% RB diets (P < 0.01). However, milk protein production was not significantly different between diets. The concentration of fat in milk increased as the supplementation level of RB increased, although fat production did not differ between diets. The addition of RB increased the concentration of long-chain fatty acids (C16 and C18) in goat milk. No significant difference was found in milk lactose concentration between diets. Overall, the results indicate that RB supplements of up to 10% have no adverse effects on DM intake and milk production in dairy goats.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensoris Nugget Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Ina Permata Sari ◽  
Herpandi Herpandi ◽  
Shanti Dwita Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to observe the effects of threadfin breams surimi (Nemiptarus nematophorus) and mussel (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) to physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of nugget. This research used randomized block design (RBD) consisted of one factor treatment and three replications. Factor treatment consisted of combination ratio threadfin breams surimi and mussel 100% : 0%, 75% : 25%, 50% : 50%, 25% : 75%, 0% : 100%. The variables observed were physical characteristics (elasticity), chemical characteristics (moisture content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and iron) and sensory analysis on appereance, flavour, taste and texture of the final products. Different combinations of threadfin breams surimi and mussel had significant effect on elasticity (222.53 gf, 278.33 gf, 300.66 gf, 312.13 gf, 452.86 gf), ash content (3.26%, 2.51%, 2.23%, 1.63%, 1.45%), protein content (8.27%, 12.11%, 14.8%, 17.14%, 20.73%), carbohydrate content (17.32%, 14.34%, 11.11%, 8.42%, 3.5%), and iron (23.61%, 18.56%, 12.77%, 7.24%, 1.54%). Based on the results, the greater addition of surimi concentration caused the increasing value of elasticity, protein, and water content. While the greater addition of mussel concentration resulted on the increased value of ash, fat and iron. This research showed that the combination of 75% threadfin breams surimi and 25% mussel produced on nugget with the best characteristics.

scholarly journals MILK PRODUCTION AND THE FEEDING COSTS OF LACTATING SAANEN GOATS FED DIETS CONTAINING SPINELESS CACTUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
LUCIANA FELIZARDO PEREIRA SOARES ◽  
AGNI MARTINS NUNES CORRÊA ◽  
ANDREIA FERNANDES DE SOUZA ◽  
FRANCISCO FERNANDO RAMOS DE CARVALHO ◽  
MICHEL DO VALE MACIEL
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Four Levels

ABSTRACT A new spineless cactus genotype (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) is being used in the diets of dairy animals raised in semiarid regions. However, little is known about its impact on goat milk production and feeding costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production and costs of feeding lactating Saanen goats with diets containing the spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) as a replacement for the Miúda (MIU) spineless cactus. Ten Saanen goats with an average initial weight of 50 ± 5.6 kg were assigned to two 5 × 5 Latin-square designs. The diets consisted of replacing MIU with four levels of OEM (0%, 11.5%, 23.5%, and 35%, on a dry matter basis) and a control based on Tifton hay. The diet with 35% OEM had lower costs per kg dry matter ($0.32) as well as lower daily feed costs ($0.29/d). The dry matter intakes and milk yields (3.21 kg/d) did not differ (P > 0.05) between the OEM replacement levels. The use of up to 35% MIU or OEM spineless cactus in the Saanen goat diet maintains milk production levels and decreases feed production costs.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Sosis dengan Fortifikasi β-Caroten dari Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata) (Sausage Characteristics as Affected by β-Caroten Fortification of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata))

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Agus Hadi Prayitno ◽  
Firdha Miskiyah ◽  
Afina Viyunnur Rachmawati ◽  
Tombak Mahesa Baghaskoro ◽  
Bekti Putra Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding

<p>The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of sausage by using fortification with β-caroten of pumpkin. There were five treatments of fortification with β-caroten of pumpkin as<br />the filler substitutions on sausage processing. The treatments were: 0% (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the filler. There were five replications in each treatment. The data of physical and chemical characteristics from the completely randomized design were analysed by analysis of variance. The data of sensory characteristics were analysed by the analysis of non parametric test of Hedonic Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that sausage fortified with β-caroten of pumpkin as the filler substitutions up to 100% level on sausage processing affected significantly (P&lt;0.01) on physical characteristics of sausage (decreased water-holding capacity, increased tenderness and it did not affect pH value of sausage), chemical characteristics of sausage (decreased moisture, increased protein, fiber, β-caroten, and it did not affect the fat content of sausage), and sensory characteristics of sausage (increased taste, decreased color, aroma, texture, touchness, and acceptability of sausage).</p><p>(Key words: Sausage, Pumpkin, β-caroten, Physical characteristics, Chemical, Sensory)<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals UDDER SIZE AND MILK PRODUCTION POTENTIALS OF GOATS AND SHEEP IN THE SOUTH WEST OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
J. O. Agbede ◽  
A. G. Ologun ◽  
J. A. Alokan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
West African ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
South West ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Lactating Goats

Twelve adult lactating goats and sheep (2 to 2 ½ years old) comprising three groups of four each of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats and sheep and Yankasa ewes used for a nine week trial. The animals kidded and lambed between January and March. During these periods the udder sizes of the dams were measured weekly before hand milking thrice a week to derermine the milk yield. Samples of the milk were analysed for their composition. The results showed that the udder size increased with increasing milk yield (112 – 248ml) up to the peak of lactation which was between weeks 3 and 4 after parturition. Thereafter it decreased in size till the end of the experiment. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the udder size was influenced by breed. Udder size was positively correlated with milk yield. Milk yields were generally low or and ranged between 39 and 70ml and this was dependent on the behavior of the lactation curve. The milk protein and ash contents for the three breeds were comparable to those of the temperate breeds. Though Yankasa sheep exhibited the highest milk production potential, yet the peculiar characteristics of goat milk cannot be overlooked.

scholarly journals Effect of the Use of Tomato Pomace on Feeding and Performance of Lactating Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Waldeana C. F. Mizael ◽  
Roberto Germano Costa ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão Cruz ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Neila Lidiany Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Animal Diet

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of including different levels of tomato pomace (TP) on performance, blood biochemical parameters, hormones, production and composition of milk, and economic analysis of Saanen goats reared in confinement. Sixteen multiparous goats (Saanen), 21 days in milk, were randomly distributed in two Latin square 4 × 4 (four periods and four treatments), according to the inclusion levels of dehydrated tomato pomace (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) in the diet. This inclusion resulted in differences in the intake of dry and organic matter, as well as ether extract, crude protein, water, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The inclusion of 60% TP resulted in a significant decrease of body weight (−4.42 kg) in comparison with initial body weight, while the other three treatments did not affect or increase the animal body weight (between −0.05 and +3.07 kg). The addition of 20% and 40% of TP resulted in higher milk production (around 1.5 kg day−1) than in animals from a control (1.2 kg day−1) and 60% TP (1.04 kg day−1). This increase was approximately 28% in the animals with 40% of TP inclusion. Moreover, the addition of 20% or 40% TP also improved the milk quality, which presented a higher fat amount (4.37% and 4.63% in 20% TP and 40% TP animals, respectively) than in a control (3.7%) and animals feed with 60% TP (4.02%). The feed efficiency and feed conversion did not show differences between diets. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were also significantly affected by the inclusion of TP in the diet. The diet with the highest level of TP (60%) had the lowest cost per kilo among the diets evaluated. However, the use of 40% TP in animal diet presented the highest milk production and intermediate production cost.

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