Modeling of Temperature in Orthopaedic Drilling Using Fuzzy Logic

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 1313-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar Pandey ◽  
S.S. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

Bone drilling is a common procedure to produce hole for screw insertion to fixate the fracture devices and implants during orthopaedic surgery. A major problem which is encountered during such a procedure is the increase in temperature of the bone due to the plastic deformation of chips and the friction between the bone and drill. This increase in temperature can result in thermal osteonecrosis which may delay healing or reduce the stability and strength of the fixation. In the present work, prediction of temperature in drilling of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (as a substitute for bone) is carried out using fuzzy logic. The effectiveness of the fuzzy model is compared with the experimental results. Good agreement is observed between the predictive model values and experimental values which indicates that that the developed model can be effectively used to determine the temperature in the bone drilling.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF ORTHOPAEDIC DRILLING: A TAGUCHI APPROACH

2014 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
RUPESH KUMAR PANDEY ◽  
S.S. PANDA
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Taguchi Approach ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Drill Diameter ◽  
The Stability

Bone drilling is a common procedure to prepare an implant site during orthopaedic surgery. An increase in temperature during such a procedure can result in thermal ostenecrosis which may delay healing or reduce the stability of the fixation. Therefore it is important to minimize the thermal invasion of bone during drilling. The Taguchi method has been applied to investigate the optimal combination of drill diameter, feed rate and spindle speed in dry drilling of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for minimizing the temperature produced.

Energetics and Structural Effects of Boron Additive to Intermetallic Compound: γ-Tial

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Khowash ◽  
D.L. Price ◽  
B.R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTImproving the low temperature ductility of the intermetallic compound γ - TiAl by alloying with small concentrations of an additive is of great practical importance. The difference in site selection energy of the additive plays an important role in the stability and behavior of the alloy. For boron in L10 TiAl, we have calculated the site selection energy using linearized combination of muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) total energy calculations. For pure γ - TiAl, we found the equilibrium lattice structure by minimizing the total energy, and obtained good agreement with the experimental values. With the introduction of boron, a relaxation of the lattice around the boron additive is expected. For boron additives, we have calculated the forces on each atom leading to the minimization of the total energy as a function of the ionic positions in order to obtain the “true” stable structure of the alloy.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Coolant on the Formation of Microcracks, Burr and Delamination in Bone Drilling Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Rusnaldy Rusnaldy ◽  
Pratama Eka Putra Sijabat ◽  
Paryanto Paryanto ◽  
Toni Prahasto
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Burr Formation ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Bone Surgery ◽  
Drilling Temperature ◽  
The Stability

Direct approach for bone fracture treatment usually involves restoring the fractured parts to their initial position and immobilizing them with plates, screws and wires. This approach needs a bone surgery drilling to produce hole for screw insertion. But this drilling process causes mechanical damages, i.e microcracks, burr formation and delamination, that can reduce the stability of the fixation. One of the ways to minimize it is by using coolant. Moreover, it is noted that bone has anisotropic microstucture. The object of this study is to understand the effect of coolant on mechanical damages that occur in bone drilling and to understand the effect of microstructure difference on microcracks that occur in the drilled walls holes. Adult bovine bones and adult goat bones were used in this study as the specimens to represent differences in cortical bone microstructure. Five consecutive holes from the distal to the proximal in each specimen were generated using manual hand-drill (spindle speed (n) = 1000 rpm; drill bit (d) = 4 mm diameter) with the use of coolant as variation. The drilling holes then stained and observed using a microscope. As the result, it was found that the use of coolant can significantly reduce the drilling temperature. Microcracks, burr formation and delamination were found to be quite large in the drilling holes without coolant. However, there is no microcrack found in the drilling holes with coolant, there is only a small number of burr formation was found. In addition, it was found that the differences in bone microstructure affect the number and length of microcracks that occur in the wall of the hole. It can be concluded from this study that the application of coolant is very effective to reduce the drilling temperature and enhancing the quality of the hole generated by bone drilling and the higher the density of osteon in cortical bone, the easier the microcrack to initiate and propagate.

Lattice-Dynamical Estimation of Atomic Displacement Parameters in Carbonates: Calcite and Aragonite CaCO3, Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 and Magnesite MgCO3

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pilati ◽  
F. Demartin ◽  
C. M. Gramaccioli
Keyword(s):  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Atomic Displacement ◽  
Empirical Potentials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anisotropic Displacement Parameters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Atomic Displacement Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Raman And Ir Spectra

Using crystallographic information and empirical potentials derived from fitting the vibrational frequencies of all the substances under study, together with those of a group of silicates and oxides, a Born–von Karman rigid-ion lattice-dynamical model has been applied to the whole Brillouin zone in calcite, aragonite (α- and β-CaCO3, respectively), magnesite (MgCO3) and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]. The Raman and IR spectra are satisfactorily reproduced and interpreted by these calculations; there is also very good agreement with atomic anisotropic displacement parameters (a.d.p.'s) derived from accurate crystal structure refinement by various authors and with the experimental values of thermodynamic functions over a wide range of temperatures. On these vibrational grounds, the stability of calcite with respect to aragonite at high temperature can be accounted for.

On the stability of nuclei against β-emission

1939 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Charge Number ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

By means of purely qualitative arguments which do not depend on any particular model, the general scheme of stable nuclei and the isotopic breadth of nuclei with odd charge number are explained.The breadth of the isobaric region can be obtained if the numerical values of certain energies are known. Though these can be estimated only very roughly, the values for the breadth of the isobaric region obtained in this way are in good agreement with the experimental values. The increase in the breadth of the isobaric region from light nuclei to heavier nuclei can be explained, but no plausible explanation has been found for the fact that the breadth decreases again for the heaviest nuclei.

The Effect of Surface Roughness on Fitting Strength of Shrink Fit Between Ceramic and Metal Elements

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kato ◽  
T. Kayaba ◽  
I. Nitta ◽  
S. Shimoda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Shrink Fit ◽  
Effect Of Surface ◽  
Good Agreement

Shrink fit is a basic and simple technique for joining metal elements. But it is not suitable for ceramic and metal elements, especially at elevated temperatures. For the accurate estimation of fitting strength between ceramic and metal elements, an understanding of the deformation of surface micro-asperities during contact is introduced in this paper. The elastic deformation of a shaft and a cylinder and the elastic-plastic deformation of the asperities were taken into consideration for the theoretical fitting strength. Theoretical estimations of fitting strength between a ceramic shaft and a metal cylinder showed good agreement wtih experimental values in various fitting interferences and at temperatures of 20°C–180°C.

Improvement of Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Using Fuzzy Logic

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Rachieru ◽  
Nadia Belu ◽  
Daniel Constantin Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
The Stability

Risk analysis increased in importance within environmental, health and safety regulation last few years. Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) is one of the most used techniques to evaluate a process for strengths, weaknesses, potential problem areas or failure modes, and to prevent problems before they occur. The traditional PFMEA determines the risk priorities of failure modes using the risk priority numbers (RPNs) by multiplying the scores of the risk factors like the occurrence (O), severity (S) and detection (D) of each failure mode. The method has been criticized to have several shortcomings. Fuzzy logic approach is preferable in order to remove the deficiencies in assigning the risk priority numbers. In this study, a fuzzy-based FMEA is to be applied to improve the manufacturing process of rear bumper, injection part used in automotive industry. The fuzzy model PFMEA can provide the stability of process assurance.

The Relationship between Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO Slag System

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 460-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tao Ju ◽  
Zhen Lin Lu ◽  
Zhi Yuan Jiao ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Calculating Model

The relationship between the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of CaF2-SiO2- Al2O3-CaO-MgO slag system was deduced through theoretical calculation and experiment. The experiment was designed by quadratic orthogonal rotary regression method. The slag viscosity and conductivity were measured at 1600, and the constant (C) was calculated. The calculating model between each component mass fraction and constant C was performed, and the stability of calculating model was also verified by representative slag. The results showed that the calculating constant (C) of regression model is in good agreement with experimental values. Thus, the relationship between refining slag viscosity and conductivity using the formula at certain temperature is feasible.

scholarly journals Prediction of stability constants of Cu2+ complexes with organic fluorescent ligands using thermodynamic cycle in combination with DFT theory and SMD solvent model

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (1D) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Mai Van Bay ◽  
Nguyen Khoa Hien ◽  
Hoang Kim Thanh ◽  
Pham Cam Nam ◽  
Duong Tuan Quang
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constants ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Solvent Model ◽  
Fluorescent Ligands ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Calcein Blue ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Good Agreement

Accurately predicting the stability constant ( ) of the Cu2+ complex with organic fluorescent ligands provides an important basis to design molecular fluorescent sensors for selective detection of Cu2+. With appropriate reference complexes, the calculated stability constants are in good agreement with experimental values. The  values of the predicted stability constants of Cu2+ complexes with Calcein blue (H3Cb) and FluoZin-1 (H2Fz) are 13.33 (exp. 14.27) and 6.59 (exp. 6.01), respectively. More importantly, the results could be applied to the investigation of complexes.

scholarly journals Solubility Data of Potential Salts in the MgO-CaO-SO2-H2O-O2 System for Process Modeling

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Barbara D. Weiß ◽  
Michael Harasek
Keyword(s):  
Process Modeling ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
So2 Absorption ◽  
Reliable Basis

This review studies unwanted precipitation reactions, which can occur in SO2 absorption processes using a magnesium hydroxide slurry. Solubility data of potential salts in the MgO-CaO-SO2-H2O system are evaluated. The reviewed data can serve as a reliable basis for process modeling of this system used to support the optimization of the SO2 absorption process. This study includes the solubility data of MgSO3, MgSO4, Mg(OH)2, CaSO3, CaSO4, and Ca(OH)2 as potential salts. The solubility is strongly dependent on the state of the precipitated salts. Therefore, this review includes studies on the stability of different forms of the salts under different conditions. The solubility data in water over temperature serve as a base for modeling the precipitation in such system. Furthermore, influencing factors such as pH value, SO2 content and the co-existence of other salts are included and available data on such dependencies are reviewed. Literature data evaluated by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are revisited and additional and newer studies are supplemented to obtain a solid base of accurate experimental values. For temperatures higher than 100 °C the available data are scarce. For a temperature range from 0 to 100 °C, the reviewed investigations and data provide a good base to evaluate and adapt process models for processes in order to map precipitations issues accurately.

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