Effects of Soil Amendment Fertilizer on Cotton Growth and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 725-730
Author(s):  
Jian Du ◽  
Xuan Du ◽  
Yu Mei Li ◽  
Jin Shi Jian ◽  
Can Du
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Processing Techniques

As new approaches to comprehensively utilize urban-rural wastes, waste resources and straws of wheat, maize, cotton, rice, rape and etc. (as principal raw material) were used to prepare environment-friendly products(soil amendment fertilizer) for water-saving agriculture (the processing techniques were established).In this paper, the cotton growth and yield were studied under the application of water-saving products(soil amendment fertilizer). Results show: for all prescriptions, under the application amount of 750kg/hm2 (equivalent to regular fertilization and investment), the fresh and dry weight in cotton seedling stage increased by 10-20% over control and the prehot seasonal boll increased by 2.0-2.54/plant compared with control respectively; the yield under all prescriptions increased over control with an increasing range of 4.70-14.25%; the quarterly irrigation can be decreased by 1-2 times(saving irrigation amount of 600-1200m3 /hm2).The above results show that soil amendment fertilizer can not only conserve moisture, but also increase soil fertility, promote cotton seedling growth and increase dry matter accumulation.

scholarly journals Water-Saving Irrigation Strategies in Potato Fields: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use in Arid Region

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Zin El-Abedin ◽  
Mohamed Mattar ◽  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Abdulrahman Alazba
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Potato Growth

In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two water-saving practices—partial root-zone drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (DI)—on potato growth and yield in comparison with full irrigation (FI). The required FI amount was applied to the potato plants to enable 100% crop evapotranspiration, and the plants received 70% and 50% of the irrigation amount of FI for DI (DI70 and DI50) and PRD (PRD70 and PRD50), respectively. The physiological characteristics of the potatoes during the 2014–2015 seasons indicated that the relative chlorophyll contents were not significantly higher for the DI and PRD treatments than for the FI treatment. The DI50 had the lowest net photosynthesis rate (p < 0.05) while DI50 and PRD50 had significantly lower stomatal conductance (gs) values in both years. Meanwhile, the values of the PRD treatments were lower than those of DI treatments based on the transpiration rates. The xylem (abscisic acid) based on PRD50 had an average increase of 0.38 mol/m2 s due to decreasing gs values compared with other water-saving irrigation treatments. However, the FI and DI treatments had increased fresh tuber yields compared with the yields of PRD treatments. Furthermore, the PRD70 and PRD50 treatments significantly reduced the water productivity (WP) values by 30.16% and 41.32%, respectively, relative to that of FI.

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation of Flue-Cured Tobacco

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1620-1623
Author(s):  
Xiao Hou Shao ◽  
Mao Mao Hou ◽  
Jing Nan Chen ◽  
You Bo Yuan ◽  
Fu Zhang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Nitrogen Coupling ◽  
Weight Proportion

In order to explore the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on dry matter and nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobacco, 9 treatments with different lowest limits and nitrogen fertilizer amount were designed, and the distribution and accumulation of dry matter and nutrient (N, P and K) of flue-cured tobaccos under water-nitrogen coupling treatments were observed. Results showed that: (1) High irrigation amount could not certainly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco root, but which was beneficial to the dry matter accumulation of whole tobacco plant. (2) Dry weight proportion of flue-cured tobacco leaves was highest, which was above 55% among the treatments. (3) Higher water and nitrogen promoted the nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobaccos, nutrient content of W3N3, W3N2 and W2N2 was higher compared to other treatments.

Effect of Turnip Soil Amendment and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Densities on Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide is the most effective method of controlling nutsedges, but because of ozone depletion, the phase-out of methyl bromide has complicated nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched tomato and other vegetable crops. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family produce glucosinolates, which upon tissue decomposition generate biocidal isothiocyanates and therefore can be used as a biological alternative for yellow nutsedge control. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment with ‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop on the interference of yellow nutsedge planted at 0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched tomato production. There was no advantage of soil amendment with Seventop on reducing yellow nutsedge interference in polyethylene-mulched tomato. Regardless of soil amendment, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production at least 1.7, 1.6, and 1.6 times, respectively. As a result, tomato canopy width, shoot dry weight, and marketable yield decreased with increasing initial tuber densities. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on tomato height. Relative to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge at 50 and 100 tubers m−2reduced marketable yield of tomato up to 32 and 49%, respectively. Shading of the middle and lower portion of tomato plants by yellow nutsedge shoots could be the major factor for reducing tomato growth and yield in weedy plots. It is concluded that soil amendment with Seventop turnip is not a viable option for reducing yellow nutsedge interference at 50 and 100 tuber m−2in polyethylene-mulched tomato.

A Comparison of Scenarios for the Effect of Global Climate Change on Cotton Growth and Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Raja Reddy ◽  
Harry F. Hodges ◽  
James M. McKinion
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Ambient Conditions

If global surface temperatures change as projected because of radiative and physiological effects of a changing environment, we should expect important changes in crop production in the 21st Century. Experiments were conducted at ambient and twice ambient atmospheric CO2 concentrations at five temperatures. The 1995 temperature in Mississippi was used as a reference with the other temperatures being 1995 minus 2˚C, and 1995 plus 2, 5 and 7˚C. Daily and seasonal variation and amplitudes were maintained. Seedlings had 4–6 times as much leaf area and dry weight at 20 d after emergence when grown at 28˚C as at 23˚C (1995 ambient) average temperature during that growth period. Number of days to first square, flower, and open boll decreased as temperature increased. Double atmospheric CO2 did not affect these developmental rates. Temperatures above 28˚C, or 1995 average whole-season temperatures, were detrimental to mid- and late-season boll retention and growth. No fruits were retained to maturity at 1995 plus 5 or 7˚C. However, whole season vegetative growth was not significantly reduced by temperature 5–7˚C above the 1995 ambient conditions. Twice ambient CO2 caused about 40% increase in vegetative dry matter accumulation across temperatures. In a separate experiment, similar results were obtained on fruiting cotton grown at a range of temperatures based on long-term average US Midsouth July temperatures. Therefore, if global warming occurs as predicted, food and fibre production in such high-temperature and humid environments may be more limited to vegetative structures and the animals that consume vegetative structures.

Yellow Nutsedge Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper as Influenced by Turnip Soil Amendment

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
John D. Mattice ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production

Methyl bromide has been widely used as a broad-spectrum fumigant for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. However, because of environmental hazards, the phase-out of methyl bromide requires development of alternative weed management strategies. Brassicaceae plants produce glucosinolates which are hydrolyzed to toxic isothiocyanates following tissue decomposition, and therefore can be used as a cultural strategy. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment (‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop vs. fallow) and the effect of initially planted yellow nutsedge tuber density (0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2) on the interference of yellow nutsedge in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. Total glucosinolate production by the turnip cover crop was 12,635 and 22,845 µmol m−2in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and was mainly contributed by shoots. In general, soil amendment with the turnip cover crop was neither effective in reducing yellow nutsedge growth and tuber production nor in improving bell pepper growth and yield compared to fallow plots at any initial tuber density. Averaged over cover crops, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production ≥ 1.4 times. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on yellow nutsedge height and canopy width. Compared to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge reduced bell pepper dry weight and marketable yield ≥ 42 and ≥ 47%, respectively. However, bell pepper dry weight and yield reduction from 50 and 100 tubers m−2were not different. Light was the major resource for which yellow nutsedge competed with bell pepper. Yellow nutsedge shoots grown from initially planted 50 and 100 tubers m−2caused up to 48 and 67% light interception in bell pepper, respectively. It is concluded that yellow nutsedge interference from initial densities of 50 and 100 tubers m−2are equally effective in reducing bell pepper yield and that soil biofumigation with turnip is not a viable management option for yellow nutsedge at these densities.

scholarly journals ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE EFFECTIVE IN INCREASING GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SHALLOT LEMBAH PALU VARIETIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bahrudin Bahrudin ◽  
Muhammad Ansar ◽  
Abdul Rahim Thaha
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Goat Manure

Shallot 'lembah palu' variety is the main raw material for fried onion industry in Central Sulawesi. This study aims to examine the LEISA technology package through the use of liquid and solid organic fertilizers from agricultural waste in order to obtain the quality of shallot bulbs that are good as raw material for fried onions. Research using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was repeated 4 (four) times. Treatment consists of: (A)= without organic fertilizer; (B)= liquid organic fertilizer (Biourin 40 mL/L of water); (C)= solid organic fertilizer (bokashi goat manure 20 ton/ha); (D)= solid organic fertilizer (bokashi goat manure 10 ton/ha) + liquid organic fertilizer (Biourin 20 mL/L of water); (E) = solid organic fertilizer (bokashi goat manure 20 ton/ha) + liquid organic fertilizer (Biourin 40 mL/L of water); (F)= solid organic fertilizer (20 ton/ha bokashi mixture of goat manure and shallot residues); (G)= solid organic fertilizer 20 ton/ha bokashi mixture of goat manure and shallot residues)+liquid organic fertilizer (Biourin 30 mL/L of water); (H)= solid organic 10 ton/ha bokashi mixture of goat manure and shallot residues)+liquid organic fertilizer (Biourin 60 mL/L of water; and (I)= solid organic fertilizer 30 ton/ha bokashi mixture of goat manure and shallot residues)+ liquid organic fertilizer (Biourin 60 mL/L of water). The results of the study were (i) the combination of types and doses of organic fertilizer in general resulted in higher growth and yield of shallots compared to without organic fertilizers, and (ii) a combination of solid organic fertilizer (mixture 20 ton/ha bokashi goat manure and shallot residue), produce number of  leaves, leaf dry weight, fresh weight per tuber, and fresh weight of tuber per hectare higher than without organic fertilizer.

Influence of leaf scorch on vegetative growth and yield of three strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars with differing levels of resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Mutisya ◽  
J. A. Sullivan ◽  
J. C. Sutton ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
S. Couling
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Scorch

Three strawberry cultivars, Kent, Jewel and Blomidon, were evaluated for their reaction to leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earlianum) disease. The three cultivars are considered to be susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant to leaf scorch, respectively. Plants were grown in the field in a runnerless culture system and inoculated with conidial suspensions at one of five concentrations to generate a range of disease severities. The control plants were not innoculated. Disease severity was monitored during the establishment year and these data were used to calculate area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) for each cultivar. At dormancy, vegetative growth analysis was performed on a sample of plants from each plot. The remaining plants were overwintered and data were collected on yield and yield components the following season. The difference in AUDPC values between control and highest levels of the disease for Kent, Jewel and Blomidon were 31.6, 26.0 and 25.2 units, respectively. Leaf scorch reduced photosynthetically active leaf area in all three cultivars, which reduced dry matter accumulation. The vegetative characters most affected were leaf area and number, crown number and dry weight and root dry weight. At the highest level of disease attained total yield declined 58, 41 and 31 g plant-1 corresponding with disease severities of 44.5, 36.4 and 32.4 units AUDPC for Kent, Jewel and Blomidon, respectively. This represented a 20–21% yield reduction in each cultivar. Fruit number was the yield component most sensitive to the leaf scorch disease. A strong relationship was established between highest disease severity during late summer and fall (which includes the time of flower bud initiation) and yield the following season. Key words: Diplocarpon earlianum, foliar disease, June-bearing

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594e-594
Author(s):  
Charles J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

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