scholarly journals Water-Saving Irrigation Strategies in Potato Fields: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use in Arid Region

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Zin El-Abedin ◽  
Mohamed Mattar ◽  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Abdulrahman Alazba
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Potato Growth

In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two water-saving practices—partial root-zone drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (DI)—on potato growth and yield in comparison with full irrigation (FI). The required FI amount was applied to the potato plants to enable 100% crop evapotranspiration, and the plants received 70% and 50% of the irrigation amount of FI for DI (DI70 and DI50) and PRD (PRD70 and PRD50), respectively. The physiological characteristics of the potatoes during the 2014–2015 seasons indicated that the relative chlorophyll contents were not significantly higher for the DI and PRD treatments than for the FI treatment. The DI50 had the lowest net photosynthesis rate (p < 0.05) while DI50 and PRD50 had significantly lower stomatal conductance (gs) values in both years. Meanwhile, the values of the PRD treatments were lower than those of DI treatments based on the transpiration rates. The xylem (abscisic acid) based on PRD50 had an average increase of 0.38 mol/m2 s due to decreasing gs values compared with other water-saving irrigation treatments. However, the FI and DI treatments had increased fresh tuber yields compared with the yields of PRD treatments. Furthermore, the PRD70 and PRD50 treatments significantly reduced the water productivity (WP) values by 30.16% and 41.32%, respectively, relative to that of FI.

scholarly journals Water and Nitrogen Productivity of Potato Growth in Desert Areas under Low-Discharge Drip Irrigation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Trifonov ◽  
Naftali Lazarovitch ◽  
Gilboa Arye
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potato Growth

Narrow profit margins, resource conservation issues and environmental concerns are the main driving forces to improve fertilizer uptake, especially for potatoes. Potatoes are a high value crop with a shallow, inefficient root system and high fertilizer rate requirements. Of all essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is often limiting to potato production. A major concern in potato production is to minimize N leaching from the root zone. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the potato crop characteristics under drip irrigation with low-discharge (0.6 L h−1) and to determine the optimal combination of irrigation (40, 60, 80, and 100%) and fertigation (0, 50, and 100%) doses. In this study, the 80% (438.6 mm) irrigation dose and a 50% (50 mg N L−1) fertigation dose (W80%F50%) showed that these doses are sufficient for optimal potato yield (about 40 ton ha−1) in conjunction with water and fertilizer savings. Moreover, this treatment did not exhibit any qualitative changes in the potato tuber compared to the 100% treatments. When considering water productivity and yield, one may select a harsher irrigation regime if the available agricultural soils are not a limiting factor. Thus, higher yields can be obtained with lower irrigation and fertigation doses and a larger area.

UNRAVELLING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF TEF (ERAGROSTIS TEF (ZUCC.) TROTTER) THROUGH AQUACROP IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEMTSEHAY TSEGAY ◽  
DIRK RAES ◽  
SAM GEERTS ◽  
ELINE VANUYTRECHT ◽  
BERHANU ABRAHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Canopy Development

SUMMARYAt various locations in North Ethiopia (Tigray), field experiments were conducted from 2006 to 2009 to assess the crop response to water stress of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) under rainfed, fully irrigated and deficit irrigation conditions. Observed soil water content (SWC), canopy cover (CC), biomass production (B) and final grain yield (Y) were used to calibrate and validate AquaCrop for tef. Data from an experiment in a controlled environment in 2008 were also considered in the calibration process. Simulations of SWC, CC, B and Y were evaluated by determining the index of agreement, the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. The statistical parameters showed an adequate fit between observations and simulations. The model was able to simulate for tef growing under rainfed condition the observed fast drop in SWC and CC when the rains ceased. The overall goodness of fit between the observed and simulated CC and SWC indicated that the thresholds for root zone depletion at which water stress (i) affects canopy development, (ii) induces stomata closure and (iii) triggers early canopy senescence were well selected. The normalised biomass water productivity (WP*) for tef was 14 g m−2 for the local variety and 21 g m−2 for the improved variety, which is a lot smaller than the WP* expected for C4 plants (30–35 g m−2). The results revealed an increase of 27% in reference harvest index (HIo) of tef in response to mild water stress during the yield formation of up to 33%. However, severe water stress causing stomata closure had a negative effect on HIo. Once it is properly calibrated, AquaCrop can provide room to improve the water productivity of tef by developing guidelines for good agricultural management strategies.

scholarly journals Irrigation management techniques with anaerobic baffled reactor effluent: effect on rice growth, yield and water productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Busari ◽  
A. Senzanje ◽  
A. O. Odindo ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of irrigation management techniques using anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent on the growth and yield of rice. It was hypothesized that irrigation techniques with ABR effluent have a significant effect on the growth, yield of rice, water productivity (WP) and water balance (WB). The experimental setup was a randomized complete block design for 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, three treatments each with three replications. The treatments were alternating wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flooding irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF). The effect of irrigation management techniques was significant (P &lt; 0.05) for the 2017 season but insignificant (P &gt; 0.05) in 2018 on the yield. The effect of irrigation treatments on WP was significant (P &lt; 0.05). The effects were not significant (P &gt; 0.05) on the plant height, leave area index (LAI) and number of tillers per plant. However, the effect was significant (P &lt; 0.05) on the number of panicles per plant. The effects of irrigation treatments were significant (P &lt; 0.05) on number of irrigation, amount of irrigation, total water use and daily field WB. In conclusion, the result proved the acceptability of the hypothesis. AWD irrigation with ABR effluent should be encouraged among rice farmers.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation on Crop Growth, Physiology, and Yield of Rice under Partial Root-Zone Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Theivasigamani Parthasarathi ◽  
A. R. Nirmal kumar ◽  
Koothan Vanitha
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Yield Penalty ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

Rice is a staple food predominantly consumed by more than half of the global population. Water deficit is a crucial threat to produce rice globally. Prevailing water-saving techniques for rice can reduce water inputs but are not widely adopted due to the high yield penalty. Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) is an innovative water-saving technique that allows simultaneous wet and dry areas within the root zone. We hypothesized that optimized PRI improves the water use and reduces the yield penalty of rice. A split root experiment was conducted on rice grown in pots with six defined PRI treatments, that is, PRI1, PRI2, PRI3, PRI4, PRI5, and PRI6. Half of the root system was wetted and alternated between halves with one- (PRI1), two- (PRI2), three- (PRI3), four- (PRI4), five- (PRI5), and six- (PRI6) day intervals. Conventionally irrigated rice plants where the whole root zone of rice was wetted and grown in the nonsplit pot were maintained and considered as control. Control and PRI treatments were irrigated based on 100% potential evapotranspiration demand (ETc). In particular, one PRI treatment (PRI3) showed a remarkable increase in active roots and leaf photosynthesis (PN) by wet and dry cycles within the root zone. Distinctive shoot responses of rice under PRI indicated enriched physiological responses for superior water productivity. The third-day-interval partial root-zone irrigation (PRI3) and conventional irrigation had similar leaf water potential (Ψleaf), while PRI3 had higher grain yield than conventional treatment and higher root surface area that may have compensated for the moderate level of stress in PRI. The finding that PRI scheduled at three-day intervals (PRI3) was superior to conventional irrigation for a single rice plant is promising and needs to be tested and adapted to field conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different crop sequences for wheat and maize in sandy soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiha Abou El-Fetouh Ouda ◽  
Abd El-Hafeez A. Zohry ◽  
Wael Ahmed Hamd-Alla ◽  
El-Sayed Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Crop Sequence

<p>The objective of this paper was to assess four crop sequence system including wheat and maize grown in sandy soil of Upper Egypt with respect to the applied irrigation amount for each crop sequence, total production and water productivity. Two field experiments were conducted in Egypt during 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons. Each experiment included four crop sequences: maize then wheat (CS1); maize, short season clover (SSC) then wheat (CS2); cowpea, SSC then wheat (CS3); cowpea intercropped with maize, SSC then wheat (CS4). The lowest amount of applied water was added to CS1 which resulted with low value of wheat and maize yield and the lowest water productivity. The highest amount of applied water was applied to CS2 and CS4 (similar values). The highest wheat yield and water productivity were obtained in CS3. The highest maize yield and water productivity was obtained from CS4. The highest total production (170.88 and 213.43 CU ha<sup>-1 </sup>in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> season, respectively) and water productivity (0.093 and 0.114 CU m<sup>-3 </sup>in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> season, respectively) for the studied crop sequences was obtained from CS3. In conclusion, higher water productivity for wheat in sandy soil can be attain by cultivating two legume crops before it (CS3); and for maize, it should be intercropped with a legume crop (CS4).</p>

Growth and Yield of Pea (Pisum sativumL.) and Lentil (Lens culinarisL.) Sprayed with Low Rates of Sulfonylurea and Phenoxy Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom ◽  
Alex G. Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Cereal Fields ◽  
Seed Yields

Drift of sulfonylurea and phenoxy herbicides from spring cereal fields to nearby spring pea and lentil crops was simulated by spraying pea and lentil with 2,4-D or the 2:1 commercial mixture of thifensulfuron and tribenuron at rates of 0, 0.33, 1, 3.3, or 10% of the use rates (X) for spring cereal crops approximately 3 and 5 wk after planting pea and lentil. 2,4-D had minimal inhibitory effects on both crops at all rates tested. Lentil was slightly more sensitive than pea to 10% X 2,4-D. Thifensulfuron:tribenuron had no effect on either crop at rates less than 3.3% X. Two weeks after application of thifensulfuron:tribenuron, 10% X, and to a lesser degree 3.3% X rates, caused newly emerged leaves to become chlorotic, reducing chlorophyll content 25 to 50%. These treatments also reduced net photosynthesis by 37% and reduced or halted growth of the main stem. Early formation of leaves was reduced, thus tripling light penetration through the canopy. Five to six weeks after application, 10% X thifensulfuron:tribenuron had, in some treatments, more than tripled branching in pea, more than quadrupled branching in lentil, and reduced biomass as much as 42%. Flowering and maturity were delayed. Plants recovered from stunting by thifensulfuron:tribenuron to varying degrees depending on environmental conditions, and final seed yield generally was reduced less than 25%. In controlled greenhouse experiments, rate response to thifensulfuron generally was similar to that observed in field experiments. Pea was stunted less at 30 C than at 10 C, whereas lentil was affected similarly at these temperatures. Overall, visual symptoms from thifensulfuron:tribenuron exposure were more pronounced in pea than in lentil and were detectable at levels substantially lower than those that affected final seed yields.

Effects of Soil Amendment Fertilizer on Cotton Growth and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 725-730
Author(s):  
Jian Du ◽  
Xuan Du ◽  
Yu Mei Li ◽  
Jin Shi Jian ◽  
Can Du
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Processing Techniques

As new approaches to comprehensively utilize urban-rural wastes, waste resources and straws of wheat, maize, cotton, rice, rape and etc. (as principal raw material) were used to prepare environment-friendly products(soil amendment fertilizer) for water-saving agriculture (the processing techniques were established).In this paper, the cotton growth and yield were studied under the application of water-saving products(soil amendment fertilizer). Results show: for all prescriptions, under the application amount of 750kg/hm2 (equivalent to regular fertilization and investment), the fresh and dry weight in cotton seedling stage increased by 10-20% over control and the prehot seasonal boll increased by 2.0-2.54/plant compared with control respectively; the yield under all prescriptions increased over control with an increasing range of 4.70-14.25%; the quarterly irrigation can be decreased by 1-2 times(saving irrigation amount of 600-1200m3 /hm2).The above results show that soil amendment fertilizer can not only conserve moisture, but also increase soil fertility, promote cotton seedling growth and increase dry matter accumulation.

scholarly journals Effect of A200 super absorbent polymers on corn growth and yield under Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M. Sakaki ◽  
A. Shahnazari ◽  
M. A. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Volume Unit

Water crisis: One of the most important and effective solutions to cope with water crisis is optimum use of consuming water in agriculture section. In other word, increasing “agricultural water productivity” is unavoidable in future planning and decision making as an effective factor. Therefore, deficit irrigation is stated as a proper solution in water limitation aiming to maximally use water volume unit. In addition to applying irrigation management methods, using developed techniques to save soil moisture is of the effective measures to increase irrigation efficiency and achieving sustainable agriculture. One of the strategies for optimal use of water resources and its preservation is using super absorbent polymers. This study was conducted during two growth seasons and within 2014-2015 in the farm and in Sari University of agricultural sciences and natural resources on single cross 704silage maize. The treatments included three irrigation regimes (as the main plot) and three levels of super absorbent (as subplots) with three replications. Irrigation treatments included complete and partial root irrigation in two levels of 55 and 65% (PRD65, PRD55) and three levels of water super absorbent polymer of A200 type, including 20, 40 and 60kg/hectare. Based on the obtained results, the plants, were regularly irrigated during their growth period and cultivated in the conditions of 60kg/hectare of super absorbent, had the most rate of yield components but they weren’t significantly different from those plants, irrigated with 55 and 65% volume. In other word, the function of super absorbent in these treatments increased the efficiency of water use and partial irrigation in 55 and 65% volume has been able to generate an equal yield with the conditions of complete irrigation.

Treadle pump: A low cost irrigation option for marginal farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ATIQUR RAHMAN ◽  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA ◽  
BP BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Land Holdings

The population of marginal farmers in India is bound to increase due to continued division of farm holdings. Characteristically, marginal farmers are having more family labours but the production and productivity of their land holdings is low. The foremost reason behind this is the erratic rainfall and lack of assure supplementary irrigation during long dry spells. This paper presents the scope and applicability of a diaphragm based treadle pump in Bihar where groundwater is abundant and available at shallow depths round the year. Therefore, this pump could be very useful for marginal farmers in improving production and productivity of their tiny piece of land, as it uses human power and can be operated by male and female of age group 32- 45 years and lifts water from a depth ranging from 0- 30 feet. The water saving technologies such as bucket kit drum kit etc. could be used with this pump to irrigate the crops with high water productivity.

scholarly journals Exogenously Used 24-Epibrassinolide Promotes Drought Tolerance in Maize Hybrids by Improving Plant and Water Productivity in an Arid Environment

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽  
Mohamed I. E. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Semi Arid

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR24), applied to leaves at a concentration of 5 μM, on plant physio-biochemistry and its reflection on crop water productivity (CWP) and other agronomic traits of six maize hybrids was field-evaluated under semi-arid conditions. Two levels of irrigation water deficiency (IWD) (moderate and severe droughts; 6000 and 3000 m3 water ha−1, respectively) were applied versus a control (well-watering; 9000 m3 water ha−1). IWD reduced the relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, and rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents were significantly increased as a result of the increased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage compared to the control. These negative influences of IWD led to a reduction in CWP and grain yield-related traits. However, EBR24 detoxified the IWD stress effects and enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters. The evaluated hybrids varied in drought tolerance; Giza-168 was the best under moderate drought, while Fine-276 was the best under severe drought. Under IWD, certain physiological traits exhibited a highly positive association with yield and yield-contributing traits or CWP. Thus, exogenously using EBR24 for these hybrids could be an effective approach to improve plant and water productivity under reduced available water in semi-arid environments.

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