Study and Design Comprehensive Denoise System for Railway

The modeling theory to railway noise is applied and made a noise reduction system for the first time in this paper. Through test and analysis, the sound barriers and train skirts with better performance were selected to form a comprehensive denoise system. The performance of T-type sound barriers works better than straight-type; with the comprehensive denoise system, the railway noise in the simulative boundary alongside railway line and acoustic environment functional area II decrease by 9.24 dB(A) and 8.40 dB(A), respectively. In terms of energy, sound energy decline to 11.8% and 14.4%, separately; after installing the comprehensive denoise system, the day-time noise of all the points in acoustic environment functional area II reach the limits; as to the night-time noise, 75% points reach the national standard limits.

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Effect of Antibacterial Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Zheng Wang ◽

Ge Yang ◽

Biao Ren ◽

Yuan Gao ◽

Xian Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Root Canal ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

First Time ◽

Cone Beam Computer Tomography ◽

Better Than

The infection of Enterococcus faecalis and its interacting microorganisms in the root canal could cause persistent apical periodontitis (AP). Antibacterial root canal sealer has favorable prospects to inhibit biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigated the antibacterial effect of root canal sealer containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) on persistent AP in beagle dogs for the first time. Persistent AP was established by a two-step infection with Enterococcus faecalis and multi-bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomycesnaeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii). Root canal sealer containing DMADDM (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%) was used to complete root canal filling. The volume of lesions and inflammatory grade in the apical area were evaluated by cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Both Enterococcus-faecalis- and multi-bacteria-induced persistent AP caused severe apical destruction, and there were no significant differences in pathogenicity between them. DMADDM-modified sealer significantly reduced the volume of periapical lesion and inflammatory grade compared with the control group, among them, the therapeutic effect of the 2.5% group was better than the 1.25% group. In addition, E.faecalis-induced reinfection was more sensitive to the 2.5% group than multi-bacteria reinfection. This study shows that root canal sealer containing DMADDM had a remarkable therapeutic effect on persistent AP, especially on E. faecalis-induced reinfection.

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CPC2 Reduction with Hipparcos and Proper Motions in The Southern Hemisphere

Highlights of Astronomy ◽

10.1017/s153929960002205x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 551-551

Author(s):

N. Zacharias ◽

M.I. Zacharias ◽

C. de Vegt ◽

C.A. Murray

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Systematic Errors ◽

Reference Star ◽

Proper Motions ◽

Positional Accuracy ◽

Star Catalog ◽

Naval Observatory ◽

Celestial Reference System ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

The Second Cape Photographic Catalog (CPC2) contains 276,131 stars covering the entire Southern Hemisphere in a 4-fold overlap pattern. Its mean epoch is 1968, which makes it a key catalog for proper motions. A new reduction of the 5687 plates using on average 40 Hipparcos stars per plate has resulted in a vastly improved catalog with a positional accuracy of about 40 mas (median value) per coordinate, which comes very close to the measuring precision. In particular, for the first time systematic errors depending on magnitude and color can be solved unambiguously and have been removed from the catalog. In combination with the Tycho Catalogue (mean epoch 1991.25) and the upcoming U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) project proper motions better than 2 mas/yr can be obtained. This will lead to a vastly improved reference star catalog in the Southern Hemisphere for the final Astrographic Catalogue (AC) reductions, which will then provide propermotions for millions of stars when combined with new epoch data. These data then will allow an uncompromised reduction of the southern Schmidt surveys on the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS).

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Investigation of Solubility Behavior of Canagliflozin Hydrate Crystals Combining Crystallographic and Hirshfeld Surface Calculations

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Yefen Zhu ◽

Yanlei Kang ◽

Ling Zhu ◽

Kaxi Yu ◽

Shuai Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Intermolecular Forces ◽

Hirshfeld Surface ◽

Reversible Inhibitor ◽

Solubility Behavior ◽

Hydrogen Bond Networks ◽

Solvent Molecules ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

Canagliflozin (CG) was a highly effective, selective and reversible inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The crystal structure of CG monohydrate (CG-H2O) was reported for the first time while CG hemihydrate (CG-Hemi) had been reported in our previous research. Solubility and dissolution rate results showed that the solubility of CG-Hemi was 1.4 times higher than that of CG-H2O in water and hydrochloric acid solution, and the dissolution rates of CG-Hemi were more than 3 folds than CG-H2O in both solutions. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that CG-H2O had stronger intermolecular forces than CG-Hemi, and water molecules in CG-H2O participated three hydrogen bonds, forming hydrogen bond networks. These crystal structure features might make it more difficult for solvent molecules to dissolve CG-H2O than CG-Hemi. All these analyses might explain why the dissolution performance of CG-Hemi was better than CG-H2O. This work provided an approach to predict the dissolution performance of the drug based on its crystal structure.

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The Plan Guidelines for Villages under the Background of Nomadic Settlement — A Case Study of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5886 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 5886-5893

Author(s):

Lu Cang Wang ◽

Wei Li ◽

Jing Gao

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Yellow River ◽

Functional Area ◽

Spatial Displacement ◽

Community Based ◽

Construction Tasks ◽

The Village ◽

Pastoral Farming ◽

Better Than

“The Project of Nomadic Settlement” is one of the major construction tasks for “Gannan Important Water Supply Ecological Functional Area of Yellow River”. Because of the distribution of population and settlements have obvious discreteness and wavering in alpine pasture, it is necessary to plan and guide agricultural and grazing villages during the process of the construction of nomadic settlements, spatial displacement and integration of population and settlement. The nomadic habitation mode in Luqu county undergoes four stages. At present, it adopts four settlement modes, that is, centralized settlement mode in the county town, settlement mode in the village, settlement along the highway mode and dispersed settlement mode, involving a total of 2,645households,13,783people and be arranged in 21 settlements. The paper adopts 14 indicators related conditions of economic development, social development conditions, geographic conditions, measures the overall strength of 24 administrative villages in Luqu, the whole villages are divided into four grade. The results show that the suburban villages are better than the surrounding villages and towns, pure pastoral farming are better than farming-pastoral villages. Accordingly, 24 villages are divided into four types—community-based villages, developing villages, controlling villages, and revoking-merging villages. Finally, it also proposes the path on village plan guidelines.

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Research of the Workpiece-Stage Control System Based on the ACR9000 in the Composite Coating Equipment of MEVVAII and FAD

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.410 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 668 ◽

pp. 410-414

Author(s):

Rui Xia Zhang ◽

Bin Liao ◽

Zhi Guo Liu ◽

Xian Ying Wu

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Servo Control ◽

Uniform Rotation ◽

Coating Films ◽

Servo Control System ◽

Motion Modes ◽

Speed Rotation ◽

Micro Tools ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

In order to realize the extensive application of technologies of MEVVAII and FAD, the composite equipment has been developed for surface modification and coating films. In this paper, for the first time, the servo control system based on ACR9000 has been used to control workpiece-stage of the composite equipment. Eight target disks are installed on workpiece-stage. Each of target disks can be mounted about 1300 PCB micro tools. So, the equipment can satisfy the requirement for mass production. Experimental results show that the coating unevenness is less than ±14%, better than those of traditional equipments which is less than ±29%. The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the design of workpiece-stage and its three motion modes of rotary positioning, uniform rotation and variable speed rotation, and coating effects corresponding to three motion modes have been verified by experiments.

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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD ON QUALITY CONTROL AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHEWING TOBACCO

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2019.4.26 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Н.П. САМОЙЛЕНКО ◽

И.Г. КАНДАШКИНА ◽

Е.В. ГНУЧИХ ◽

Л.А. МИРНЫХ

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Fractional Composition ◽

National Standard ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Chewing Tobacco ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽

Technical Specifications ◽

First Time ◽

General Technical

Рассмотрены идентификационные признаки некурительных табачных изделий табака жевательного и снюса. Разработан метод определения фракционного состава табака жевательного. На основании научных исследований впервые разработан проект национального стандарта ГОСТ Р Табак жевательный. Общие технические условия, который после утверждения и введения в действие будет использоваться для идентификации этого вида некурительной табачной продукции. The identification signs of smokeless tobacco products: of chewing tobacco and snus are considered. A method for determining the fractional composition of chewing tobacco has been developed. On the basis of scientific research for the first time developed a draft national standard GOST R Chewing tobacco. General technical specifications. After approval and entry into force, this standard will be used to identify types of smokeless tobacco products.

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Application Research of Perioperative Clinical Pathway Based on Accelerated Rehabilitation Surgery Strategy in Patients with ERCP

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v5i4.2253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Xing Yang

Keyword(s):

Clinical Pathway ◽

Reference Group ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Study Group ◽

Application Research ◽

Clinical Nursing ◽

Accelerated Rehabilitation ◽

Postoperative Time ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

Objective: To explore the effects of perioperative clinical pathway of accelerated rehabilitation surgery strategy in patients undergoing cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: Randomly selected 40 patients undergoing ERCP from our hospital which is People’s Hospital, Jingjiang City, for research, and divided the patients into two groups. The 20 patients who were given conventional education methods were set as the reference group, and the 20 patients who were given perioperative clinical pathway care with accelerated rehabilitation surgery strategies were the research group, where the clinical nursing effect of the two groups was statistically compared. Results: According to clinical observation and statistics, the study group’s postoperative time to eat for the first time, time to get out of bed, hospitalization time, and surgical blood loss were better than those of the reference group, P<0.05; the anxiety and depression scores of the study group were lower than those after nursing in the reference group, P<0.05; the incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the reference group, and patient satisfaction was higher than that in the reference group, where both P<0.05. Conclusion: The application of perioperative clinical pathway care based on the strategy of accelerated rehabilitation surgery can achieve significant results in ERCP patients, which can effectively improve the surgical indicators of patients and reduce the risk of complications.

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Testing and Development of Transfer Functions for Weighing Precipitation Gauges in WMO-SPICE

10.5194/hess-2017-228 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John Kochendorfer ◽

Rodica Nitu ◽

Mareile Wolff ◽

Eva Mekis ◽

Roy Rasmussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transfer Functions ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Small Manufacturer ◽

Lower Porosity ◽

Precipitation Gauge ◽

Reference Amount ◽

First Time ◽

High Winds ◽

Better Than

Abstract. Adjustments for the undercatch of solid precipitation caused by wind were developed for different weighing gauge/wind shield combinations tested in WMO-SPICE. These include several different manufacturer-provided unshielded and single-Alter shielded weighing gauges, a MRW500 precipitation gauge within a small, manufacturer-provided shield, and host-provided precipitation gauges within double-Alter, Belfort double-Alter, and small Double-Fence Intercomparison Reference (SDFIR) shields. Previously-derived adjustments were also tested on measurements from each weighing gauge/wind shield combination. The transfer functions developed specifically for each of the different types of unshielded and single-Alter shielded weighing gauges did not perform significantly better than the more generic and universal transfer functions developed previously using measurements from eight different WMO-SPICE sites. This indicates that wind shield type (or lack thereof) is more important in determining the magnitude of wind-induced undercatch than the type of weighing precipitation gauge. It also demonstrates the potential for widespread use of the previously-developed, multi-site single-Alter shielded and unshielded transfer functions. In addition, corrections for the lower-porosity Belfort double-Alter shield and a standard double-Alter shield were developed and tested using measurements from two separate sites for the first time. Among all of the manufacturer-provided shields tested, with an average undercatch of about 5 %, the Belfort double Alter shield required the least amount of correction, and caught ~ 80 % of the reference amount of precipitation even in snowy conditions with wind speeds greater than 5 m s−1. The SDFIR-shielded gauge accumulated 98 % of the Double-Fence Automated Reference (DFAR) precipitation amount on average, accumulated 90 % of the DFAR accumulation in high winds, and was almost indistinguishable from the full-sized DFAR used as a reference. In general, the more effective wind shields, that were associated with smaller unadjusted errors, also produced more accurate measurements after adjustment.

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National standard on heavyweight marine booms: development experience and general requirements

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION ◽

10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-2-203-213 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 203-213

Author(s):

Григорий Викторович Зябкин ◽

Сергей Алексеевич Половков ◽

Александр Эдуардович Гончар ◽

Владислав Николаевич Слепнев

Keyword(s):

Oil Spills ◽

National Level ◽

National Standards ◽

National Standard ◽

Development Experience ◽

Production Technologies ◽

First Time ◽

Reference Document ◽

Standard Development

Основными средствами локализации нефтяных разливов в акваториях являются боновые заграждения. Несмотря на их повсеместное использование, в течение долгого времени отсутствовал национальный стандарт, регламентирующий требования к данному виду оборудования. Соответствующий стандарт - ГОСТ Р 58190-2018 - был введен в действие 1 апреля 2019 года. Основой для его создания стал нормативный документ ПАО «Транснефть», доработанный с учетом анализа зарубежного опыта нормирования требований к боновым заграждениям, опыта эксплуатации бонов морских тяжелых, состояния рынка данного вида оборудования, используемых материалов и технологий производства. ГОСТ Р 58190-2018 впервые определил боны морские тяжелые как отдельный класс боновых заграждений, установил и закрепил на национальном уровне требования к ним, что надо расценивать как важный шаг в обеспечении качества данного вида оборудования. В настоящей статье авторы, принимавшие участие в разработке стандарта, представляют анализ итогов разработки и рассматривают возникшие в связи с этим проблемные вопросы. Сформулированы рекомендации с целью повышения качества деятельности в области технического регулирования. Сделан вывод о целесообразности рассмотрения вопроса о создании в перспективе национального стандарта, определяющего основные типы боновых заграждений, требования к ним, рекомендации по применению. Опыт разработки ГОСТ Р 58190-2018 может быть распространен на другие виды оборудования и использован при разработке других национальных стандартов. The basic means for the containment of oil spills in water areas are booms. Despite its common usage, for a long period of time there were no national standard regulating the requirements to this kind of equipment. Such standard, GOST R 58190-2018, became effective on April 1, 2019. The basis for its establishment was Transneft PJSC reference document, which was revised with regard to the analysis of foreign experience in standardizing the requirements for booms, experience in operating heavyweight marine booms, the state of the market for such equipment, materials and production technologies used. GOST R 58190-2018 for the first time determined heavyweight marine booms as a separate group of defense booms, established and consolidated the requirements for such equipment effective on the national level. Within the present article the authors, who took part in the standard development, set forth the analysis of the development results and consider problems related to this issue. The authors present recommendations with the purpose of increasing the quality of measures taken in the field of technical regulation. The conclusion is made whether it is practical to consider the question of creating national standard, which defines basic types of defense booms in general, the requirements and application recommendations. The experience of developing GOST R 58190-2018 can also be applied to other types of equipment and used for the development of other national standards.

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Very Low Crosstalk Measurement of Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line (SICL)

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8101174 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1174

Author(s):

Lu ◽

Yang ◽

Yin ◽

Zhao ◽

Liu

Keyword(s):

Coplanar Waveguide ◽

Reference Value ◽

Coaxial Line ◽

Calculation Formula ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Practical Design ◽

Measured Frequency Range ◽

Coaxial Lines ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

When designing a microwave circuit involving substrate integrated coaxial lines (SICLs), it is important to know what real crosstalk between SICLs is. A measured crosstalk will be a good reference value in a practical design. In addition, it is also needed to compare and check the crosstalk from the simulation and calculation formula with measured results. However, it is very difficult to measure the crosstalk between SICLs because it is theoretically very low. In this study, for the first time, the crosstalk characteristics of a SICL are evaluated through experimental design and measurements. By adjusting the layout of the structures and implementing controlled experiments, interference caused by the presence of leaks and radiation at the interface and structural transitions is effectively suppressed. The experimental results show that for two parallel SICLs with a length of 30 mm and an interval of 5 mm, the isolation is greater than 80 dB for the measured frequency range of 1–8 GHz, significantly better than the results of the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW).

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