Treatment of Wastewater Using an Integrated Submerged Attached Growth System

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezerie Henry Ezechi ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Ahmad Fitri Abd Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Solids Removal

The performance of a single sludge integrated attached growth system comprising of an aerobic and anoxic tanks in biological nutrient removal was evaluated in treating synthetic wastewater simulating medium strength domestic wastewater. An aero-packer and bio-balls were installed in the aeration and anoxic tank occupying about 40% and 25% of both tanks respectively. The efficiency of the integrated attached growth system was evaluated on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia removal (NH3), nitrate removal (NO3), total suspended solids removal (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand removal (BOD5). Effluent results show that the integrated attached growth system had a removal efficiency of 97.8% (COD), 97.5% (NH3), 87.5% (NO3), 97% (TSS) and 97.1% (BOD). These results support the viability of an integrated system in mitigating the enormous challenges of a conventional wastewater treatment.

Nutrient removal using anaerobically fermented leachate of food waste in the BNR process

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Lee ◽  
H.S. Shin ◽  
S.R. Chae ◽  
S.Y. Nam ◽  
B.C. Paik
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Nutrients removal efficiencies highly depend on the presence of biodegradable organic carbon in the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process but most domestic wastewater in Korea has shown a low C/N ratio and has a small amount of biodegradable COD (chemical oxygen demand). On the other hand, about 11,577 tons of food waste that contains a lot of organic material has been produced in Korea per day. The feasibility and applicability of anaerobically fermented leachate of food waste (AFLFW) as an external carbon source was examined in the laboratory-scale BNR process at different operation conditions with synthetic wastewater and domestic sewage. As the addition of AFLFW increased, the average removal efficiencies of SCOD, T-N, T-P changed from 96%, 60%, and 2% to 90%, 77%, and 67%, respectively. From anoxic nitrate utilization tests, it was observed that once the readily biodegradable COD (especially VFAs) was depleted, the denitrification rate reduced from 8.2 mg NO3-N/g VSS/hr to 0.7 mg NO3-N/g VSS/hr. From the molecular size distribution test, it was concluded that about 60% of soluble COD in effluent, which was considered to originate from AFLFW, had a large molecular size (> 30kDa) that was not used by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Biofiltrasi Dengan Media Arang Tempurung Kelapa Dan Batu Apung Terhadap Penurunan Kadar COD, Nitrat Dan Amoniak Dalam Air Limbah Domestik

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Fivi Elvira Sirajuddin ◽  
Muhammad Fadly Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

This experimental study aims to determine the most optimal biofiltration media composition for domestic wastewater treatment using 4 upflow biofilter reactors with a combining pumice and coconut shell charcoal as an media filter. ,The combination ratio of media filter is UAF 1 = 1: 0, UAF 2 = 2: 1, UAF 3 = 1: 2, and UAF 4 = 1 : 1 with an overall filter media thickness of 60 cm. Sampling time is done every 2 days for 16 day were taken at the four experimental reactors to be tested for each parameter of pH, COD, nitrate and ammonia. The method of analysis carried out after obtaining data from testing in the laboratory, that is descriptively related to variations in filter media, and the residence time of wastewater in the reactor. The results showed that the reactor with the best processing in normalizing pH was UAF 1. While the best filter media composition in COD and nitrate removal was UAF 3 reactor with 77.78% and 87.17% removal results. Ammonia removal occurred throughout the experimental reactor with a result <-0.05 mg / l was considered quite good and indicated the decomposition process was successful. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan komposisi media biofiltrasi yang paling optimal untuk pengolahan air limbah domestik dengan menggunakan 4 reaktor upflow biofilter dengan mengkombinasikan batu apung dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filter. Rasio dari kombinasi media filter tersebut adalah UAF 1 = 1:0, UAF 2 = 2:1, UAF 3=1:2, dan UAF 4=1:1 dengan ketebalan media filter secara keseluruhan 60 cm. Waktu pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 2 hari selama 16 hari. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada keempat reaktor percobaan untuk diujikan masing-masing parameter pH, COD, nitrat dan amoniak. Metode analisa yang dilakukan setelah mendapatkan data dari pengujian di laboratorium, yaitu secara deskriptif terkait dengan variasi media filter, dan waktu tinggal air limbah dalam reaktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan reaktor yang paling baik pengolahannya dalam menormalkan pH adalah UAF 1. Sementara komposisi media filter yang paling baik dalam penyisihan COD dan nitrat adalah reaktor UAF 3 dengan hasil penyisihan sebesar 77,78% dam 87,17%. Penyisihan amoniak terjadi di seluruh reaktor percobaan dengan hasil <-0,05 mg/l dinilai cukup baik dan mengindikasikan proses penguraian polutan berjalan dengan baik.

Biodegradation of aniline

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbir H. Gheewala ◽  
Ajit P. Annachhatre
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Batch Tests

Discharge of aniline to the environment must be controlled as aniline is toxic to aquatic life and also exerts additional oxygen demand due to nitrification reaction involved during its biodegradation. Organic carbonaceous removal by heterotrophs during aniline biodegradation releases NH4+ which is the substrate for autotrophic nitrifying bacteria. However, aniline is toxic to nitrifying bacteria and severely inhibits their activity. Accordingly, batch and continuous studies were conducted to assess the biodegradation of aniline and its inhibitory effect on nitrification. Synthetic wastewater was used as feed with aniline as sole carbon source for mixed microbial population. Experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures of 30–32°C. An aerobic activated sludge Unit was operated at an HRT of about 13 hours and SRT of about 12 days. Biomass from aerobic activated sludge process treating domestic wastewater was acclimatized to synthetic wastewater Containing aniline. Removal efficiencies more than 95% were obtained for feed aniline concentrations upto 350 mg/l with insignificant inhibition of nitrification due to aniline. Ammonia oxidation rates of about 20–115 mgNH4N/l/d were observed. Batch tests were carried out to test the inhibitory effects of high initial aniline concentrations on nitritication. Carbonaceous removal by heterotrophs proceeded rapidly within 4–6 hours with nitrification picking up as soon as aniline concentration dropped below 3–4 mg/l. For higher initial aniline concentration more than 250 mg/l, complete nitrification did not take place even after aniline Concentration dropped below 3–4 mg/l.

Co-treatment of landfill leachate in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors: analysis of system performance and biomass activity by means of respirometric techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Capodici ◽  
D. Di Trapani ◽  
G. Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Biomass Activity

Aged or mature leachate, produced by old landfills, can be very refractory; for this reason mature leachate is difficult to treat alone, but it can be co-treated with sewage or domestic wastewater. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of leachate co-treatment with synthetic wastewater, in terms of process performance and biomass activity, by means of respirometric techniques. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), named SBR1 and SBR2, were fed with synthetic wastewater and two different percentages of landfill leachate (respectively 10% and 50% v v−1 in SBR1 and SBR2). The results showed good chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency for both reactors, with average COD removals equal to 91.64 and 89.04% respectively for SBR1 and SBR2. Furthermore, both SBRs showed good ammonia-nitrogen (AN) removal efficiencies, higher than 60%, thus confirming the feasibility of leachate co-treatment with a readily biodegradable wastewater. Significant respiration rates were obtained for the heterotrophic population (average values of maximum oxygen uptake rate equal to 37.30 and 56.68 mg O2 L−1 h−1 respectively for SBR1 and SBR2), thus suggesting the feasibility of leachate co-treatment with synthetic wastewater.

scholarly journals PENCIRIAN TEMPORAL SKALA KECIL AIR SISA DOMESTIK PERBANDARAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Z. M. Hanafiah ◽  
W. H. M. W. Mohtar ◽  
N. A. Bachi' ◽  
N. A. Abdullah ◽  
M. Z. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Association ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Sewage treatment plants (STP) in Malaysia are designed to treat a load of contaminants according to the level of concentration for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen ammonia (NH3-N) of 250 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. However, studies show that the organic load of Malaysian wastewater is low and even temporarily fluctuates resulting in the low effectiveness of treatment especially in ammonia removal and consequently cause effluents that do not undergo proper treatment to be released into the environment. Therefore, this study aims to identify concentrations of COD and NH3-N in the influent of urban domestic wastewater along with other physico-chemical characteristics. Two locations of the STP were chosen based on the urban area with different catchment sizes for a population equivalent (PE) 60,000 for the first STP (LRK#1), and 150,000 for the second STP (LRK#2). These parameters include pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen nitrate (NO3-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) as well as heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn). The sampling and analysis methods used the guidelines recommended in the American Public Health Association (APHA). The results give the highest average COD concentrations for the LRK#1 and LRK#2 are 180.5 mg/L and 380.9 mg/L, respectively. The highest NH3-N concentrations were 33.53 mg/L for LRK#1 and 31.63 mg/L for LRK#2. Overall, the wastewater physico-chemical characteristics of both treatment plants show wastewater in the medium and low concentration categories.

BICT biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
Y. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Removal Process

An updated biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process - BICT (Bi-Cyclic Two-Phase) biological process - is proposed and investigated. It is aimed to provide a process configuration and operation mode that has facility and good potential for optimizing operation conditions, especially for enhancing the stability and reliability of the biological nutrient removal process. The proposed system consists of an attached-growth reactor for growing autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, a set of suspended-growth sequencing batch reactors for growing heterotrophic organisms, an anaerobic biological selector and a clarifier. In this paper, the fundamental concept and operation principles of BICT process are described, and the overall performances, major operation parameters and the factors influencing COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the process are also discussed based on the results of extensive laboratory experiments. According to the experimental results with municipal sewage and synthetic wastewater, the process has strong and stable capability for COD removal. Under well controlled conditions, the removal rate of TN can reach over 80% and TP over 90% respectively, and the effluent concentrations of TN and TP can be controlled below 15 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L respectively for municipal wastewater. The improved phosphorus removal has been reached at short SRT, and the recycling flow rate of supernatant between the main reactors and attached-growth reactor is one of the key factors controlling the effect of nitrogen removal.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of novel attached-growth high rate algal pond system with additional artificial illumination for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesirine Jinda ◽  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Chawalit Chaiwong ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Conventional Systems

Abstract Domestic wastewater containing a high proportion of organic matter and nutrients is a serious pollution problem in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a novel attached-growth high rate algal pond (AG-HRAP) employing attached-growth media and artificial light sources for treating domestic wastewater and enhancing nutrient recovery. Light intensities in the range of 40–180 μmol/m2/s were used in the AG-HRAPs. The experimental results showed that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 88, 62 and 69%, respectively, were found at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days and the average light intensity of 180 μmol/m2/s. Moreover, the effluent COD concentrations could meet Thailand's national discharge standard. The highest biomass and protein productivities of 54 ± 4 and 37 ± 8 g/m2/d, respectively, were found in the AG-HRAPs, which were higher than in previous studies of HRAPs. The Stover-Kincannon kinetic values for COD, TN and TP removals of the AG-HRAPs (R2 = 0.9) were higher than those of the conventional systems. Additionally, the novel AG-HRAP system could provide a highly cost-effective operation when compared to other microalgal systems.

Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Removal in Attached-Growth Circulating Reactor (AGCR)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karnchanawong ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Air Diffusion

Experiments on attached-growth circulating reactor (AGCR) were conducted to investigate its efficiencies on organic carbon and nitrogen removal (through denitrification). A laboratory-scale AGCR, made of serpentine channel with a total length of 180.0 m, was fed with a synthetic wastewater at the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) loading rates of 3.56-10.16 and 0.30 - 0.91 g/(m2.d), respectively. The reactor effluent was recycled back to the influent feeding point and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations along the channel length were controlled by means of air diffusion. It was found that the COD loading rate of 5 g/(m2. d) corresponding to the TN loading rate of 0.54 g/(m2.d) gave the optimal COD and TN removal rates of 4.8 and 0.43 g/(m2.d), respectively. The overall AGCR performance was limited by the nitrification efficiency at the high TN loading rates. The biofilm accumulation and thickness were found to be relatively high in the first-half portion of the channel length where carbon oxidation and denitrification were predominant. The second-half portion where nitrification mainly occurred had much less biofilm accumulation and thickness.

scholarly journals Modeling of transport and transformation of synthetic wastewater in irrigated soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
A. Erfani Agah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Transport And Transformation ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Conductivity Water

Scarcity of fresh water has led to use of low quality waters that were considered unsuitable for irrigation in the past. Mismanagement of irrigation with wastewater poses risks to deterioration of the hydraulic soil properties and pollution of groundwater. In order to study these concerns, synthetic wastewater was poured on steady-state flux one-dimensional aerobic sand columns and the results were analyzed. Four irrigation treatments with different levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were performed as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Soil water content, electrical conductivity, water potential, and hydraulic conductivities were monitored. The CXTFIT code was used to inversely determine degradation constant and the transport parameters of the convective–dispersive equation (CDE). In all treatments the hydraulic transport properties remained constant. Conversely, the first-order kinetics degradation constant decreased in an identical way for all COD treatments. It is also concluded that if a primary treatment removes the solids, which is essential for drip irrigation, domestic wastewater, similar to our synthetic water and without toxic or pathogen elements, poses few risks for groundwater pollution.

scholarly journals Determination on inhibition effects of coagulants used in wastewater treatment plants on anaerobic digester

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1877-1884
Author(s):  
Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol ◽  
Gökhan Balcıoğlu ◽  
Nurtaç Öz ◽  
Moiz Elnekave ◽  
Bülent Armağan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Solids Removal

Abstract Domestic wastewaters causing pollution contain inorganic and/or organic materials. When the domestic wastewater outflows to the receiving waters, it causes physical, chemical, and biological pollution in them, and deteriorates the ecological balance of those waters. In the treatment of wastewater, various treatment methods are available depending on the pollution strength of the wastewater. Besides mechanical and biological methods, wastewater treatment with physicochemical methods is still one of the most effective and economical options. Particularly in wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids, this method is very successful, and obtaining high suspended solids removal efficiencies is very possible. In this study, the effects of the use of coagulant and coagulant aid to be used in a treatment plant where domestic wastewater treatment is carried out are determined to increase the treatment efficiency of a biological treatment that comes later in the stages of the treatment. The effluent of the pre-settling tank may contain a lot of suspended solids. This presence of excess suspended solids decreases the efficiency at other levels of treatment and causes energy loss. In the experiments, the standard jar and inhibition tests are done as a method. As a result of the conducted studies, it is determined that the FeCl3, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, FeClSO4, and the combination of anionic polyelectrolyte yield the best results in the removal of the parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS). While FeCl3, APE 65, APE 85, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, and FeClSO4 did not show any inhibition effect in the sludge, APE 67, CPE 84, and (Al2(SO4)3 are found to cause inhibition in the sludge.

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