Analysis of Guizhou Highway Slope Disease and Suggestion of Protective Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 1969-1974
Author(s):  
Kai Sheng Chen ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Wei Jun Chu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Slope Design ◽  
Design Construction

In recent years, the phenomenon of highway slope instability occurred frequently.Slope failure caused by various diseases seriously affect the normal operation of the highway, directly endanger traffic safety. Through the analysis of the investigation of guizhou highway slope protection status,we summarized characteristics and causes of the slope diseases and put forward some meaningful Suggestions on the slope protection measures, to provide a scientific basis for highway slope design, construction and maintenance.

The Uneven Settlement Cause and Settlement Prediction of Xi Ying Sluice

2015 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Qing Yuan Zhu ◽  
Li Ting Qiu ◽  
Ting Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Settlement Prediction ◽  
Concrete Pile ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Design Construction

Xi Ying sluice built in Xishi River, Changzhou City, is a single span sluice with width of 6m. The chamber is pier wall structure of depressed reinforced concrete floor, when the chamber had a filling and discharging water during construction period, we found that the chamber appeared large uneven subsidence. According to the design, construction and other specific circumstances of Xi Ying sluice, by using three-dimensional finite element method to calculate and analyzed the settlement of the sluice, we studied on the genesis of the uneven settlement and predicted the settlement after the running. Analysis shows that the chamber of the uneven settlement is due to the jacking effect of concrete pile. The settlement has been basically completed caused by chamber weight, there will not be a substantial settlement; In the case of blocking water during operation period, chamber’s settlement increment outside the river side and inside the river side are respectively 0.3mm and 0.4mm; through processing, the settlement of chamber won’t affect the normal operation of sluice.

Model Guidelines for Visibility of On-Premise Advertisement Signs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1605 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Thompson Kuhn ◽  
Philip M. Garvey ◽  
Martin T. Pietrucha
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Aesthetic Appeal ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Lateral Offset

On-premise advertising signs play an important role in directing drivers. Well-placed and well-designed on-premise advertising signs can guide vehicle operators toward their destinations with minimal demand for attention. Poor placement of signs can sap a driver’s cognitive and perceptual resources, resulting in erratic maneuvers such as inappropriate slowing and lane changing. Increasingly, however, the visibility of on-premise advertising signs is being determined not by human factors researchers, visibility experts, or traffic engineers but by local planning and zoning officials, who lack specialized training in relevant fields. Regulations affecting on-premise sign visibility characteristics, such as means of illumination, lateral offset, and sign size, have been established mainly on the basis of arguments for improved aesthetic appeal and of vague, often unsubstantiated safety claims. There is a clear need to determine, from scientific and ergonomic perspectives, the effects these regulations have on sign visibility and traffic safety. An organized synthesis of existing literature on sign visibility based on 60 years of research and consisting of more than 150 journal articles and technical reports is presented. The synthesis may be used by sign designers to optimize the visual effectiveness of their signs. It also can provide a scientific basis for the development of new on-premise sign regulations or changes to existing regulations. A model set of guidelines for designing and locating on-premise advertisement signs for conspicuity and legibility is provided.

scholarly journals Victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in daily routines in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Ávila ◽  
Belén Martínez-Ferrer ◽  
Alejandro Vera ◽  
Alejandro Bahena ◽  
Gonzalo Musitu
Keyword(s):  
Public Security ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
High Crime

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in routines. METHODS The 8,170 subjects of both sexes (49.9% women and 50.1% men) aged between 12 and 60 years, selected from a proportional stratified sampling, participated in this study. The measuring instrument was an adaptation of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security. Chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS The results show significant differences on victimization and sex regarding perception of insecurity, restrictions on everyday activities, and protection measures. 13.1% of those interviewed claimed to have been victims of a crime in the past 12 months. 52.7% of women considered their municipality as unsafe or very unsafe. In the case of men, this percentage was 58.2%. Female victims reported significant restrictions in everyday activities when compared to non-victims. In relation to men, the percentage of victims with a high restriction of activities was higher in male victims than non-victims. In the group of victimized women, the segment of women who opted for increased measures of protection against crime was larger than expected, while those of non-victims who took less protective measures was lower than expected. These same results were observed in the group of men. CONCLUSIONS The experience of victimization implies a greater perception of insecurity. However, the climate of insecurity is widespread in a large number of citizens. Gender differences in a high-crime environment show the importance of investigating in depth the roles of both genders in the perception of insecurity and changes in routines.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE TRIGGERING FACTORS OF THE ROCK FALLS OF 16TH AND 21ST DECEMBER 2009 IN NEA FOKEA, CHALKIDIKI, NORTHERN GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
B. Christaras ◽  
G. Syrides ◽  
G. Papathanassiou ◽  
A. Chatzipetros ◽  
T. Mavromatis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Triggering Factors ◽  
Country Road ◽  
Asphalt Road

This paper aims to present the characteristics of the rock falls generated on the 16th and 21st of December 2009 at the Nea Moudania – Kassandria country road in Kassandra Peninsula, Chalkidiki, Greece. Both of those events induced damages to the asphalt road and forced the local authorities to close the road to traffic until the construction of protective measures. In order to evaluate the rock fall hazard and analyze the slope instability in the area, the present study focuses on three main triggering factors: rainfall, stratigraphy and tectonic setting.

scholarly journals The Role of Water and Lithology on the Deformation and Failure of an Anaclinal Rock Slope in a Hydropower Reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ming-liang Chen ◽  
Peng-fei Lv ◽  
Wen-ze Nie ◽  
Chang-ming Tan ◽  
Zhi-hua Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Protection Measures

A series of settlement, cracking, and collapse of the Zhengjiaping slope has been increasingly developing since October 2015 during impoundment at the Dagangshan Hydropower Station. It is a dangerous signal, which means thatlandslide potential will be existed for the Zhengjiaping slope and poses greatthreat to the operation of hydropower station and traffic safety. Related slope protection measures and research studies have been implemented accordingly in the Zhengjiaping slope to prevent and control adverse influences on property security and human life in the reservoir area. In order to understand the geological and hydrological settings of the Zhengjiaping slope and its surroundings, a field investigation was carried out to determine the lithological composition and toppling/sliding deformation characteristics using exploratory adit and site boreholes. The large deformation process in the apparently deformed area was analyzed using borehole inclinometers and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). It was found that the apparently deformed area zone was characterized by crushed rock masses, with only a small amount of slope deposits and the sliding deformation occurring in Zone I. The deformation process of the reservoir landslide was considered to be a complex integration of the geological effects of various adverse factors. Impoundment and heavy rainfall are the direct causes of sliding deformation. During the preparation of the basic conditions for sliding, lithology, tectonic activity, and artificial disturbances play an important role, including the sliding mass and the sliding surface zone.

scholarly journals Determining the maximum surface temperature for non-electrical equipment aiming at explosion prevention at protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00026
Author(s):  
Adrian Marius Jurca ◽  
Niculina Vătavu ◽  
Leonard Lupu ◽  
Mihai Popa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Maximum Surface Temperature

Non-electrical equipment has been used for over 150 years in industries with potentially explosive atmospheres and great experience has been gained with regard to the application of protective measures to reduce the risk of ignition down to an acceptable safety level. The use of non-electrical equipment in explosive atmospheres required the development of specific requirements with regard to the concept of protection against the ignition of explosive atmospheres, which to clearly define protection measures and to include the experience gained and extended over the years. The practical studies, laboratory research and methods for assessing and testing the hazard of ignition by hot surfaces presented within the paper have as main purpose the improvement of ignition hazard assessment in different operating conditions.

Study on Investigation and Analysis of Existing Railway Tunnel Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ping Zhao ◽  
Xin Rong Tan ◽  
Ling Li Jia
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Lining Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Reliable Basis

Due to the impact of geological condition, climate condition, design, construction and other factors, the existing railway tunnel appears some diseases more and more, and even some diseases have serious influence to the normal use of tunnels and traffic safety. To eliminate these dangers, we should understand the type of diseases and their causes. Based on the existing tunnel disease investigation and analysis, tunnel diseases were classified, the reason of tunnel diseases were analyzed, which can provide a reliable basis for the tunnel disease treatment. The result indicates that railway tunnel diseases include lining water leakage, lining structure disease, lining concrete disease, foundation disease, lining off block and so on. All kinds of diseases of tunnel lining are often interrelated, so the tunnel disease usually is a result of multiple factors.

Research on Continuous Traffic Safety Evaluation of Yangtze River Shipping

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jin Xu ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Mechanism

Traffic safety has characteristics of long-term and arduous, and continued safety is the essential goal of safety, the continued safety of Yangtze River shipping is not only an important part of Yangtze River safety culture, but also a concrete manifestation of long-term safety mechanism. This paper analyzes the affecting factors of the Yangtze River shipping safety, from the perspective of sustainable safety, extract with operational index of safety evaluation, construct of the Yangtze River shipping safety evaluation model, combined with the improved analytic hierarchy process , estimates the main aspects that affects the continued safety of the Yangtze River shipping , and the research results can provide scientific basis for the long-term management of Yangtze River shipping safety.

Experimental Study on the Bundle Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
Ming Yi Chen ◽  
Richard Yuen ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Total Mass Loss ◽  
Combustion Processes

In this paper, a report is given on an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of six bundle lithium-ion batteries in a calorimeter. Several parameters including mass loss, heat release rate, surface temperature and heat flux distribution were measured to evaluate the hazards. The experimental results show that the lithium-ion batteries undergo fierce combustion processes. The total mass loss of six lithium-ion batteries fire is 67.8g, and the effective heat of the fire is 7.06 kJ/g. The highest temperature of the batteries fire is 816.9 °C and the maximum heat flux is 0.68 kW/m2.The results provide scientific basis for the development of fire protection measures during the usage, storage and distribution of primary lithium batteries.

scholarly journals СOVID-19 pandemic in the context of the health and the life operational protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rumyantseva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Emergency Measures

Introduction. So far, there is no reliable scientific basis for forecasting and preventing pandemics. Around the world, there is public dissatisfaction with the authorities’ insufficiently prompt and effective actions to prevent the spread of Covid-19. The purpose of the study is the formulation a significant problem of the complexity and effectiveness of the operational protective measures for the health and life of the population from COVID-19 in other epidemics and pandemics. Material and methods. Based on the application of a systematic approach and the international methodology for the policy analysis, the author proposes the structuring of the emergency measures and the subjects of the socio-psychological factors analysis of the epidemics and the pandemics to determine a system of the quantitative indicators and the monitoring of the situation. Results. During the epidemics and the pandemics, it is necessary to take emergency measures and also to strive to prevent them based on an in-depth study of the causal relationships, in particular, the risks of the recurrence as a result of the increased traffic flows, urbanization, agricultural intensification, environmental degradation and the continued development of new species biological weapons. Discussion. Among the topical areas, it should be attributed the application of the restrictive measures both on the international and domestic air travel; the limiting the increase in population density in large cities with a focus on the standards of «social isolation»; more the adequate environmental protection, the reducing the risk of the infection transmission from the animals to the humans; the reduction of people infections with nosocomial infections. Conclusion. The author proposes to significantly restructure the analytical and other functions of the operational protection of the population health and life during epidemics and pandemics.

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