scholarly journals The Role of Water and Lithology on the Deformation and Failure of an Anaclinal Rock Slope in a Hydropower Reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ming-liang Chen ◽  
Peng-fei Lv ◽  
Wen-ze Nie ◽  
Chang-ming Tan ◽  
Zhi-hua Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Protection Measures

A series of settlement, cracking, and collapse of the Zhengjiaping slope has been increasingly developing since October 2015 during impoundment at the Dagangshan Hydropower Station. It is a dangerous signal, which means thatlandslide potential will be existed for the Zhengjiaping slope and poses greatthreat to the operation of hydropower station and traffic safety. Related slope protection measures and research studies have been implemented accordingly in the Zhengjiaping slope to prevent and control adverse influences on property security and human life in the reservoir area. In order to understand the geological and hydrological settings of the Zhengjiaping slope and its surroundings, a field investigation was carried out to determine the lithological composition and toppling/sliding deformation characteristics using exploratory adit and site boreholes. The large deformation process in the apparently deformed area was analyzed using borehole inclinometers and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). It was found that the apparently deformed area zone was characterized by crushed rock masses, with only a small amount of slope deposits and the sliding deformation occurring in Zone I. The deformation process of the reservoir landslide was considered to be a complex integration of the geological effects of various adverse factors. Impoundment and heavy rainfall are the direct causes of sliding deformation. During the preparation of the basic conditions for sliding, lithology, tectonic activity, and artificial disturbances play an important role, including the sliding mass and the sliding surface zone.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Liu ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
Jian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Level Ii

AbstractFloods are great threats to human life and property. Extensive research has investigated the spatiotemporal variation in flood occurrence, while few have studied the heterogeneity in global flood events of different sizes, which may require different coping strategies and risk reduction policies. In this study, we analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of global flood events with different affected areas (classified in three levels) during 1985–2019 and examined the contribution of different influencing factors to flood-induced mortality using Geodetector. The results show that (1) the increase in global flood frequency was mainly caused by Level II and Level III floods, and the average area affected by flood events has been increasing yearly since 1985. (2) In America and Africa, the frequency of Level III floods has increased monotonically. At the same time, the frequency of Level I floods in Europe and Level II floods in Asia has increased significantly. (3) For Europe and Asia, most of the deaths occurred with Level II floods; while for America and Africa, Level III floods caused the most mortality. (4) The top three factors contributing to the spatial heterogeneity in flood-induced mortality were the affected population, GDP per capita and flood duration. The contribution of each factor varied among the different types of floods. Topographic factors (percentage of mountainous area) magnified flood-induced mortality during extreme events with heavy rainfall, especially for Level III floods. The heterogeneity in flood frequency and flood-induced mortality indicates that flood protection measures should be more targeted. In addition, the increase in large-scale floods (Level III) highlights the need for transregional cooperation in flood risk management.

The Application and Construction of Light Steel Roof Truss in the Hydropower Station Tunnel

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 3160-3164
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Wang ◽  
Qi Tao Zhan ◽  
Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Operation Time ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Power House ◽  
Assembly Area ◽  
Roof Truss ◽  
Steel Roof

The hydropower station tunnel construction is crossover operation and environment is poor. Installation space and time are limited. The paper introduces corresponding measures and installation method.Through field investigation and vast demonstration, using electric hoist and little bridge machine in equipment assembly area can avoid the effect to power house equipment installation and reduce crossover operation time. Using installation platform on the little bridge in hydro-generator area can reduce the use of the little bridge machine and improve the installation efficiency .

Electric Field Investigation of the Microcracks in Metal Oxide Film

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
M. Duś-Sitek ◽  
S. Szymura ◽  
J. Pisarek ◽  
B. Całusiński ◽  
M. J. Małachowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Polarization Effect ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Exoelectron Emission ◽  
Uniaxial Stretching ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Metal Oxide Film

According to the model explaining the kinetics of the exoelectron emission, the uniaxial stretching of metals is accompanied by electrons emission in the electric field of the charged microcracks presented during the deformation process. In this paper, using the polarization effect of a liquid crystal deposited onto the surface of the stretched metal, the evolution of a such microcrack was observed.

scholarly journals Usage of the global navigation satellite systems in safety and protection issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Kamil MACIUK ◽  
Yuriy RUDYK
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Currently, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) play a key role in the broad field of security and human life. In principle, almost every area of human activity (for example, mining, energy or construction) systems related to saving human life are introduced. Generally, satellite navigation is an indispensable element of this type of systems. In this paper, authors present basic principles of the GNSS operation and the current state of knowledge about usage of the global navigation satellite systems in the area of safety, protection and rescue issues.

scholarly journals Humanitarian And Socio-Economic Consequences Of Motorization In Ukraine: The Criminogenic Aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
I.B. Medytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Cost

The article substantiates the necessity of obligatory consideration of criminological information on the consequences of motor crimes in order to increase the effectiveness of criminological and criminal legal policies. Criminologically relevant information on the consequences of motor vehicle crime is characterized by its incompleteness and fragmentation, without giving an idea of the true «price» of this variety for Ukrainian society. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the consequences of the phenomenon, the attention was paid to the scale and social danger of motor crime in modern conditions. Based on the analysis of statistical information of the courts and law enforcement agencies over the past five years, the level of road traffic injuries is outlined, the dynamics compared to the previous year is revealed, the characteristics of the victims of criminal offenses in the field of road safety and transport operation are specified, the size of the caused material and moral damage. In the criminogenic context, an analysis of the humanitarian (the number of dead and injured as a result of road accidents) and the socio-economic consequences of motorization in the country (the cost of human life and the total losses from road accidents). Existing approaches to determining the cost of human life and the overall level of losses to the state as a result of road accidents have been systematized. Taking into account the average life expectancy, macroeconomic indicators of the state development, the average age of those killed as a result of criminal violations of traffic safety rules or the operation of transport, and the number of victims, the total economic losses for the society for 2018 were determined. It has been stated that the practice of application by the courts of separate criminal law rules on crimes against traffic safety and operation of transport does not correlate with the declared Criminal Code of Ukraine for the purpose of punishment for the committed, as well as general and special prevention.

scholarly journals Sequence Analysis of Several Ancient River Blocking Events in the Suwalong Reach of the Upper Jinsha River Based on Multidisciplinary Approaches, SE Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhang ◽  
Jianping Chen ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Chun Tan ◽  
Yongchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Steep Terrain ◽  
Sbas Insar ◽  
Blocking Event

Abstract The temporary or permanent river blocking event caused by mass movement usually occurs on steep terrain. With the increase of mountain population and land use pressure and the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, river blocking event has gradually attracted people’s attention and understanding. The study area (Wangdalong-Gangda reach) is located in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River and the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Affected by strong tectonic activity in the Jinsha River suture zone and the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, in the past 6000 years, there have been at least five obvious river blocking events in the reach of about 30 km in the study area. The number and density are very rare. Combined with the field investigation, indoor interpretation, laboratory tests, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, SBAS-InSAR and previous studies, multidisciplinary approaches are used to systematically summarize the analysis methods and further the understanding of one river blocking event and multiple river blocking events from difference perspectives. Especially in multiple river blocking events, we could get the wrong results, even the opposite conclusion if interaction is not considered. Through this study, the general method of analyzing the river blocking event and the problems that should be paid attention to in sampling are given, and relatively reliable historical results of river blocking events are obtained. This method has extensive applicability to the identification and analysis of river blocking events in other areas.

scholarly journals TECHNIQUES OF ROCKFALL INVENTORY IN EARTHQUAKE PRONE ROCK SLOPES

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zygouri ◽  
I. Koukouvelas
Keyword(s):  
Rock Slope ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Fast Movement ◽  
Integrated Study

A relevant hazard in mountainous regions is the steep rock slopes concentrating rock falls. Although rock falls are characterized by smaller rock volumes compared to other landslide types, can also provoke severe damage to buildings, infrastructures and human life due to their sudden and highly fast movement. The key to understand the processes that result in rock fall onset is an integrated study of the major causing parameters that affect slope stability. A rock slope may be subjected to many forms of triggering factors including tectonic, geomorphic, seismic, climatic or even human induced damages. This contribution provides an overview of the previous and current research related to rock falls and uses case studies of North Peloponnese in order to prove the usefulness of these methods in the Greek territory. Collecting data and production of thematic maps by means of field and remote sensing investigations can yield far more updated results incorporated in hazard assessment techniques and protection measures. 

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Lightning and Surge Protection Devices for Power Energy Structures

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsun Liu ◽  
Yirga Muna ◽  
Yu-Tung Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chien Kuo ◽  
Hung-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Annual Cost Saving

This paper studies the risk data and protection measurements of lightning based on the IEC62305 standard. In addition, Visual Basic (VB) is used to build a lightning risk calculation program with a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The data structure, including environment data, line data, zone data, economic data, and protection measures is designed to simulate risk of loss of human life (R1) and risk of loss of economic value (R4). To achieve the most economical protection structure design, additional protection measurements and annual savings are considered. In the practical application, the main purpose is to discuss effective protection distances of surge protective devices (SPDs) for low-voltage power distribution. This paper takes advantage of Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) to simulate the voltage of equipment with different types of loads and length of the cable. After using the protection measures, the value of risk of human life reduces form 21.299 × 10−5 to 0.439 × 10−5 and the value of risk of economic value reduces from 2696.754 × 10−5 to 98.062 × 10−5. The results mean that the protection measures let the values of the risk below the tolerance. By considering the annual cost saving. Assume the cost of protection measures, the interest rate, the depreciation rate, and the maintenance rate are 150,000 $, 4%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. The annual cost before using protective measures, the annual cost after using protective measures, the annual cost of protective measures, and the annual cost saving are $925,000, $33,635, $15,000 and $876,365, respectively. Consequently, it is feasible that the simulation result can provide users with great suggestions to choose the best installation location and achieve the most effective protection design.

scholarly journals HUMAN-INDUCED MORTALITY INCIDENCE ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF OKU SUB-DIVISION, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Bailack Kevin Mbuh ◽  
Lawrence F. FOMBE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North West ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Incidence

Mortality, which is inevitable and irrevocable, has been a major threat to mankind. Human-induced fatalities are still distressing in Oku Sub-Division. The degree of exposure of the population is very high wherein settlement and village activities are sited on montane steep slopes which are susceptible to landslides and extreme weather conditions. This is couple with poor access to healthcare. Human-induced mortality triggers and implications on the population of Oku needs to be seriously addressed in contemporary era. As such, this study uses a historical survey and comparative design of field investigation covering a period of 36years (1982 to 2018) to examine the human related scourges of mortality in Oku. Purposive sampling technique was used to administer questionnaires to selected key informants as well as through focus group participants from the entire population. Findings from a Chi-Square Test at 0.05 level of significance and a df of 6 portray that human-induced mortality incidence limits to an extent or is a deterrent to the socio-economic development of Oku leading to the conclusion that rapid population growth and limited space for settlement on the precarious mountainous environment is the key stressor on human life. Educating the population to avoid precipitous slopes susceptible to landslides can safe humanity, ensure sustainable livelihood and increase assets for socio-economic development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document