Preparation and Application of Modified Soybean Protein Adhesives

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Zi Tao Sang ◽  
Shi Feng Zhang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Jian Zhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Type I ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Protein Adhesives

In this study, a sodium hydroxide modified soybean protein adhesive (NSP adhesive) was prepared and mixed with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin in a ratio of 7:3 to form a compound adhesive (NSPF adhesive), and three-layer plywoods were prepared using the NSP adhesive and the NSPF adhesive. In order to understand the reactions between SP and PF resin during the curing process of NSPF adhesive, the SEM and FTIR spectra were employed to character the adhesives and the bonding strength of the plywoods was measured. The results showed that the bonding strength of the poplar plywood prepared with NSPF reached 1.00 MPa, and met type I plywood requirement in GB/T 17657-1999. There was new absorption peak appear at 1390 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra of NSPF adhesive, indicating that there were -NHCH2- structures generate in NSPF during the curing process in this research.

Plywood with Soy Protein - Acrylate Hybrid Adhesive

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Nan Jin ◽  
Shi Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jiu Yin Pang ◽  
Zhen Guo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Soy Protein Adhesive ◽  
Protein Adhesives ◽  
Composite Study

This paper is mainly aimed at the problem of low bonding strength of soy bean protein adhesive,poor water resistance,with methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate composite study made with rubber manufacturing class II plywood,meet the national standard,so as to solve the water resistance of soy protein adhesives and bonding strength of.Experiments that 3.5g soy protein, 5g PVA, 30g MMA, 0.3g APS and 100g water, modified soy protein adhesive bonding strength obtained is excellent, and cost reduction.Preparation of soybean protein-acrylate adhesive solid content,viscosity and strength of plywood detection.

Study on the Curing Process of Allyl Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jing Kun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Allyl Chloride ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
The Matrix

Allyl phenol-formaldehyde (APF) resin was synthesized by using phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and allyl chloride as raw materials and sodium hydroxide as alkali catalyst, and its curing process was investigated. The results showed that APF could not only dissolve in polar solvents, but also dissolve in nonpolar solvent. The APF started curing from around 180°C, and it was higher than PF. The curing took place by polyaddition at allyl double bonds, and a wider controllable curing range of 44°C was obtained. The cured surface of the matrix manifested a continuous phase.

Curing kinetics of amine and sodium hydroxide catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde resins

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gabilondo ◽  
M. López ◽  
J. A. Ramos ◽  
J. M. Echeverría ◽  
I. Mondragon
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Phenol-formaldehyde resins with suitable bonding strength synthesized from “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tainise V. Lourençon ◽  
Sami Alakurtti ◽  
Tommi Virtanen ◽  
Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen ◽  
Tiina Liitiä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Lignin Valorization ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Resin Bonding ◽  
End Uses

AbstractThe substitution of phenol by lignin in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the most promising end uses of lignin valorization. Lignin from grasses and softwood has been the focus of the studies in this field as they present a higher number of theoretical reactive sites for resin synthesis. Herein we examined the composition and chemical reactivity of “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions and their performance in PF resins, synthesized by substituting 50 wt% of the phenol with lignin. Before resin synthesis, the samples were hydroxymethylated and the maximum formaldehyde consumption was recorded. By doing so, we observed that hardwood fractions consumed formaldehyde close to the theoretical calculation, whereas the reference softwood lignin consumed only about ¼ of the theoretical value. In the resin synthesis, we added formaldehyde to the formulation according to the measured maximum formaldehyde consumption. Thus, low values of free formaldehyde in lignin-PF (LPF) resins were achieved (<0.23%). Moreover, the resin bonding strength displayed similar performance irrespective of whether the LPF resins were made with softwood or hardwood lignin (range of 3.4–4.8 N mm−2 at 150°C and 45–480 s of press time). Furthermore, we concluded that hardwood kraft lignins present no disadvantage compared to softwood lignins in PF resin applications, which have significant practical implications.

Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin for fast manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hong ◽  
Zhongji Gu ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Hailan Lian
Keyword(s):  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cold Pressing ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
Winter Time

AbstractPhenol formaldehyde (PF) resin is a well-tried adhesive for manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL). PF has a high bonding strength, good cold pressing property and contributes a lot to the high production efficiency of LVL. In the present paper, PFs were synthesized at three different alkaline condition levels with a molar formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) ratio of 2.25. The bonding strength of PFs was not influenced by the alkalinity. Compared with PFs synthesized under alkalinity of 1 and 4%, PF with 8% alkalinity formed a resin with a high mole mass (MM), uniform mole mass distribution (MMD) and a high cross-linking density. With PF8%, the cold pressing property could be shortened from 30 to 12 min in the winter time. Cured PF8%had a higher cross-linking density than PF1%and PF4%. PF8%has a high potential for industrial production of LVL.

scholarly journals Effect of Kenaf Alkalization Treatment on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Silica/Kenaf Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽  
Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Ismail Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kenaf Fiber

The mechanical performance of silica modified epoxy at various concentration of sodium hydroxide for surface treatment of multi-axial kenaf has been analyzed. Epoxy resin with amine hardener was modified with silica powder at 20 phr and toughened by treated kenaf fiber that immerses in various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ranging from 0% to 9% of weight. The composite was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to ensure complete curing process. The mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed through flexural test, Charpy impact test and DSC to ensure the complete curing process. DSC analysis results show epoxy sample was completely cured at above 73°C that verifies the curing temperature for preparation for the composite. Hence, 3% NaOH treated composite exhibits the best mechanical properties, with 10.6 kJ/m2 of impact strength, 54.1 MPa of flexural strength and 3.5 GPa of flexural modulus. It is due to the improvement of fiber-matrix compatibility. Analysis by SEM also revealed that a cleaner surface of kenaf fiber treated at 3% NaOH shown cleaner surface, thus, in turn, improve surface interaction between fiber and matrix of the composite. The composites produced in this work has high potential to be used in automotive and domestics appliances.

Effect of Kaolin Ratio on the Durability of Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive Poplar Plywood

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1822-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Guo ◽  
Hai Qing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Filling Ratio ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Xenon Lamp ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
High Level ◽  
Main Factor

In order to search whether or not the kaolin ratio was one of the crucial reasons influenced on the durability of Poplar Plywood utilizing outdoor which was adhesive by phenol-formaldehyde resin. Xenon Lamp Climate Chamber process and ASTMD1037 Six-cycle method were evolved in this study to measure the durability of the plywood. There was no relativity between the kaolin ratio and the durability of the Poplar Plywood. The main factor impacting the endurance property of the Plywood was the degradations of veneer and Phenol-Formaldehyde resin caused by environmental change. The kaolin filling ratio of Phenol-Formaldehyde adhesive is not able to reduce the durability of the Poplar Plywood. Under the two method treatments, the bonding strength of the laminate wood still fulfills the Plywood GB/T17657-1999 National Stander even the ratio of kaolin is in high-level. Therefore, it is a preferable choice to adopt kaolin as filling in phenol-formaldehyde.

FTIR spectral properties affected by OM-cation interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ellerbrock ◽  
Horst H. Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Interaction Solutions ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Wavenumber Region ◽  
Seed Mucilage

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic matter (OM) interacts with cations like Ca by using C=O and OH functional groups. Such interactions are known to protect soil OM against decomposition. This process affects the bonding strength of functional groups. Changes in bonding strength are assumed to shift the wavenumber region of OH and C=O absorption band maxima in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The aim is to analyze the extent of such shifts to determine presence and strength of OM&amp;#8211;cation interaction. Solutions of PGA and Chia seed mucilage were mixed at different ratios with CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; solution. The mixtures were freeze dried. FTIR spectra of PGA&amp;#8211;Ca, and mucilage-Ca mixtures indicate that the OH band is affected by the presence of Ca. However, the C=O band maximum and the CH/C=O ratio were not affected. For the PGA&amp;#8211;Ca and mucilage-Ca mixtures the shift in OH band maxima relative to PGA and mucilage, respectively, increases with Ca content. Such shifts in OH band maxima are in a similar range as the ones observed for the outer compared to inner regions of an intact chia seed mucilage droplet. The results suggest that it is necessary to know the relation between OM-cation interactions and band shifts for the correct interpretation of the FTIR spectra of soil and rhizosphere samples.&lt;/p&gt;

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