A Study for Substituting Part of Raw Materials by Bottom Ash in Portland Cement

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Hui Mi Hsu ◽  
Hao Hsien Chen ◽  
Sao Jeng Chao ◽  
An Cheng ◽  
Cheng Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
Waste Combustion ◽  
Leaching Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Combustion Residues

The disposal and reuse of waste combustion residues has become a critical topic recently in view of the method of treating household wastes in a city, which has gradually changed to be incineration (major) and landfill (minor) in densely populated Taiwan, plus the difficulty of various wastes disposed by the Refuse Incineration Plant at Yilan County. To propose concrete recommendations as references for the local competent authorities’ policy for reuse of bottom ash, we researched and analyzed compositions of wastes and ingredients as well as leaching toxicity of bottom ash (accounting for 70% of waste combustion residues) which had been collected from the Li-Ze Incineration plant at Yilan, and transported bottom ash to a cement plant also at Yilan as an alternative material for Portland cement. The results in this study indicated quite a few products, with ingredients of bottom ash from an incineration plant, can be taken as principal compositions used in production of cement, and the capacity of bottom ash treated by the cement plant can be further expanded according to the quality of produced cement and bottom ash properly processed.

Production Quality Control of Moderate Heat Portland Cement and Analysis of Application Effect in Roller Compacted Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1090-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Min Yang ◽  
Jie Long Cai ◽  
Ze Peng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Production Quality Control ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Roller Compacted Concrete ◽  
Entrance Test

Moderate Heat Portland Cement is not only frequently-used cement for dam but also one of the largest amount of special cement as a main cementitious materials of concrete in hydraulic structure in China. Due to the high quality requirement and the complicated technology in the construction of dam, a series of measures are adopted to control the production quality of Moderate Heat Portland Cement used in the dam construction. In this paper, the measures of production quality control of the Moderate Heat Portland Cement are introduced, including controlling the raw materials such as the cement raw meal, fuel, clinker and gypsum, managing the discharge from the mill and the entrance test, which ensure that the various targets of physical and mechanical indexes are in accordance with the standard requirement. Moreover, the engineering quality of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) for the dam is effectively guaranteed through the lower pot temperature and the less hydration heat. The construction experience is available for the like-kind engineering interiorly.

Effect of Phosphogypsum on the Clinkerization Temperature of Portland Cement Clincker

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Margarida Rolim Augusto Lima ◽  
L.F.C. Braz ◽  
Regina da Conceição Corredeira Monteiro ◽  
J.P. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a pollutant residue resulting from the production of phosphoric acid in the phosphated fertilizers industry. About 180 millions of tons of PG are generated worldwide per year, which originates storage problems because of the environmental restrictions and the high costs of storage spaces. Taking into account the mineralizer properties of PG it has been studied a way to valorize this residue as an alternative material in the production of Portland cement clinker. The PG and the raw-materials (limestone, marl, sand and iron oxide) were chemical, mineralogical and thermally characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis and termogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA). After milling, the phosphogypsum was mixed with the raw-materials in different amounts up to 10% weight. The raw mixtures were submitted to two types of firing schedules, heating up to 1500°C without any holding time or heating up to 1350°C and holding for 20 minutes. After firing, the clinkers were analyzed by optical microscopy, milled and characterized in terms of chemical and mineralogical compositions. The clinkers were used to produce cement mortar according to NP EN 196-1 standard. The resultant test specimens were mechanically tested at 2 and 28 days according to the same standard. The obtained results show a reduction of about 140°C in the clinkerization temperature, when a raw mixture with 5% phosphogypsum was used. Standard clinkers, without phosphogypsum addition, which were fired at 1500°C, originated test specimens with a compressive strength of 48.1MPa at 28 days. Test specimens produced with clinker containing 5% phosphogypsum present higher compressive strength values at 28 days, being 55.1MPa for clinkers produced at 1500°C, and 49.4 MPa for clinkers produced at 1350°C.

Lightweight Aggregate Made of Desulfurized Fly Ash and Bottom Ash after Magnetic Separation

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1450-1454
Author(s):  
Yoo Taek Kim ◽  
Seung Gu Kang ◽  
Chang Sam Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Core Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Core

This research provides a comparison of ALAs which was made up of two different raw materials, that is, MDFA and MDBA which were produced from fluidized bed type boiler of power plant and then magnetically separated. ALAs made up of MDFA had too much liquid phase at high temperature; on the other hand, those made up of MDBA showed a black core region as well as good distribution of various sizes of pores inside ALA. Although a good quality of ALA can be made of MDBA only, the optimum composition was obtained under the conditions of MDBA:DS=5:5 and at 1200°C. Nonetheless for its high sintering temperature, MDBA is a prospective recycling material for making lightweight aggregate.

Study of High Strength Concretes with Variability of Composition Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Klára Křížová ◽  
Martin Ťažký ◽  
Milan Meruňka ◽  
Ondřej Pikna
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Aggregate Fractions ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Strength And Durability

High Strength Concretes (HSC) are concretes defined mainly by compressive strength. The strength of concrete can guarantee other excellent results of properties, namely durability. Essential for the production of HSC is a careful approach to the design of concrete composition, especially the quality of raw materials. It is primarily necessary to increase the content of the binder combined mainly with Portland cement and another admixture. Due to its excellent properties, Silica fume is largely used as an admixture, where it is necessary to consider its effective amount. It is also suitable to combine this admixture with other types of active admixtures. The question of the type of coarse aggregate fractions used is crucial. The quality and purity of aggregates is an essential part of the quality design of these concretes, influencing practically all the resulting parameters of concrete. The article presents a set of tests on designed High strength Concretes, differing in the composition of the concrete to demonstrate the variability of the design concept and its effect on the resulting values of strength and durability.

Material Characterization and Optimum Usage of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) as Sand Replacement in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Syafiqah Ghadzali ◽  
◽  
Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki ◽  
Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Good Potential

Recently, the deficiency of natural sand is considered one of the most important thoughtful issues in the construction industry as it is one of the raw materials of concrete. The use of industrial waste by-products as an alternative material in concrete production is one solution to natural sand depletion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the properties of the concrete containing Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) produced by coal-based power plants as sand replacement material. Initially, physical, chemical, microstructural properties like specific gravity, density, sieve analysis, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic were investigated. Then, the optimum replacement of sand with CBA was determined based on the workability, compressive and splitting tensile test. The results displayed that the physical properties of CBA are similar to sand. Moreover, CBA was classified chemically as Class-F ash. It was found that the optimum replacement dosage of CBA with sand is 10% in which achieved the targeted/designed strength. In general, CBA has good potential to be utilized as a sand replacement material.

Co-processing of industrial trade rejects in cement plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314-1320
Author(s):  
Rahul Baidya ◽  
Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Alternative Methodology

In India non-hazardous industrial waste is generated at a staggering rate of about 30 million metric tonnes/year; considering the major generators (excluding power plant and mining industry waste) as per Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India (GoI), thus disposing of them is a challenge. The industrial waste generated from fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) trade rejects and expired product is also enormous (although largely remains unaccounted) and needs to be disposed of by the producer as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, GoI. Co-processing of this industrial trade rejects in cement plant can be a prominent solution as it reduces the disposal problem of the solid waste stream and provides an alternative methodology for complete thermal and material recovery of the waste with no by-products. Co-processing further reduces the use of conventional resources by utilizing the waste as an alternative fuel and raw materials. The study thus analyzes a co-processing trial of a month in a cement plant in the southern part of India and based on the obtained data, the environmental and operational sustainability was studied. The economic benefit obtainable was also analyzed based on the achieved substitution benefit. Parameters such as emission and quality of the final product were gauged. The leaching behavior of the final product was also analyzed. Thus, the findings will help in reducing the carbon footprints of the industrial wastes, specifically the FMCG trade waste, and will show the sustainability of co-processing waste in Indian cement plants.

Composition and Microstructure of Cement-Like Materials Synthesized by Solution Combustion Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Oratai Jongprateep ◽  
Prawin Laomorakot ◽  
Krongkarn Sirinunwatana
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Combustion Technique

Massive production of Portland cement through mining process imposes detrimental effects on environment. Utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes as alternative raw materials for cement production, thus, has a pronounced positive impact on human quality of life. This study aimed at synthesizing constituents that exist in Portland cement by the solution combustion technique. Cockleshell, rice husk ash, and alumina wastes were used as initial reagents for the synthesis. Compositional analysis of the synthesized powders exhibited desired phases of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, and tricalcium aluminate. Compositional and microstructural analyses of the specimens cast from combusted powders revealed similar features compared with Portland cement. Ettringite, calcium hydroxide, and calcium silicate hydrate were prominent phases observed from both compositional and microstructural analyses.

Characterization of lead-bearing phases in municipal waste combustor fly ash

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
L. L. Sutter ◽  
G. R. Dewey ◽  
J. F. Sandell
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Waste Combustion ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Speciation ◽  
Accepted Practice

Municipal waste combustion typically involves both energy recovery as well as volume reduction of municipal solid waste prior to landfilling. However, due to environmental concerns, municipal waste combustion (MWC) has not been a widely accepted practice. A primary concern is the leaching behavior of MWC ash when it is stored in a landfill. The ash consists of a finely divided fly ash fraction (10% by volume) and a coarser bottom ash (90% by volume). Typically, MWC fly ash fails tests used to evaluate leaching behavior due to high amounts of soluble lead and cadmium species. The focus of this study was to identify specific lead bearing phases in MWC fly ash. Detailed information regarding lead speciation is necessary to completely understand the leaching behavior of MWC ash.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

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