Progress on Measurement of Adhesion Strength of Marine Microfouling Organisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Cun Guo Lin ◽  
Dong Xia Duan
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Biological Adhesion ◽  
Laminar Channel Flow ◽  
Antifouling Ability

The development of novel nontoxic antifouling paint has led to the need for better test methods to evaluate their performance. The adhesion strength of microorganism on material surface is the key parameter to characterize whether they could permanently soiled, therefore it is significant to establish a biological adhesion test method to evaluate the material antifouling ability. In this paper, several types of surface adhesion strength test devices have been introduced, including spinet apparatus, laminar channel flow cell, radial flow chamber, annular flow cell and fully-developed turbulent channel. Their application, advantage and disadvantage have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Study of Ice Adhesion Using Different Techniques

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Rønneberg ◽  
Yizhi Zhuo ◽  
Caroline Laforte ◽  
Jianying He ◽  
Zhiliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Key Parameter ◽  
Ice Adhesion

Low ice adhesion surfaces are a promising anti-icing strategy. However, reported ice adhesion strengths cannot be directly compared between research groups. This study compares results obtained from testing the ice adhesion strength on two types of surfaces at two different laboratories, testing two different types of ice with different ice adhesion test methods at temperatures of −10 and −18 °C. One laboratory used the centrifuge adhesion test and tested precipitation ice and bulk water ice, while the other laboratory used a vertical shear test and tested only bulk water ice. The surfaces tested were bare aluminum and a commercial icephobic coating, with all samples prepared in the same manner. The results showed comparability in the general trends, surprisingly, with the greatest differences for bare aluminum surfaces at −10 °C. For bulk water ice, the vertical shear test resulted in systematically higher ice adhesion strength than the centrifugal adhesion test. The standard deviation depends on the surface type and seems to scale with the absolute value of the ice adhesion strength. The experiments capture the overall trends in which the ice adhesion strength surprisingly decreases from −10 to −18 °C for aluminum and is almost independent of temperature for a commercial icephobic coating. In addition, the study captures similar trends in the effect of ice type on ice adhesion strength as previously reported and substantiates that ice formation is a key parameter for ice adhesion mechanisms. Repeatability should be considered a key parameter in determining the ideal ice adhesion test method.

An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
CORY JAY WILSON ◽  
BENJAMIN FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corrugated Fiberboard

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Parameters Identification and Dynamic Model Validation of Interior-Mount Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman S. Maraaba ◽  
Zakariya M. Al-Hamouz ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Milhem ◽  
Ssennoga Twaha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Synchronous Motors

The application of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) is rapidly spreading due to their advantages of high efficiency, high operational power factor, being self-starting, rendering them as highly needed in many applications in recent years. Although there have been standard methods for the identification of parameters of synchronous and induction machines, most of them do not apply to LSPMSMs. This paper presents a study and analysis of different parameter identification methods for interior mount LSPMSM. Experimental tests have been performed in the laboratory on a 1-hp interior mount LSPMSM. The measurements have been validated by investigating the performance of the machine under different operating conditions using a developed qd0 mathematical model and an experimental setup. The dynamic and steady-state performance analyses have been performed using the determined parameters. It is found that the experimental results are close to the mathematical model results, confirming the accuracy of the studied test methods. Therefore, the output of this study will help in selecting the proper test method for LSPMSM.

scholarly journals Concept and Realization of a Novel Test Method Using a Dynamic Test Stand for Detecting Persons by Sensor Systems on Autonomous Agricultural Robotics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2315
Author(s):  
Christian Meltebrink ◽  
Tom Ströer ◽  
Benjamin Wegmann ◽  
Cornelia Weltzien ◽  
Arno Ruckelshausen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Agricultural Robots ◽  
Agricultural Robotics

As an essential part for the development of autonomous agricultural robotics, the functional safety of autonomous agricultural machines is largely based on the functionality and robustness of non-contact sensor systems for human protection. This article presents a new step in the development of autonomous agricultural machine with a concept and the realization of a novel test method using a dynamic test stand on an agricultural farm in outdoor areas. With this test method, commercially available sensor systems are tested in a long-term test around the clock for 365 days a year and 24 h a day on a dynamic test stand in continuous outdoor use. A test over a longer period of time is needed to test as much as possible all occurring environmental conditions. This test is determined by the naturally occurring environmental conditions. This fact corresponds to the reality of unpredictable/determinable environmental conditions in the field and makes the test method and test stand so unique. The focus of the developed test methods is on creating own real environment detection areas (REDAs) for each sensor system, which can be used to compare and evaluate the autonomous human detection of the sensor systems for the functional safety of autonomous agricultural robots with a humanoid test target. Sensor manufacturers from industry and the automotive sector provide their sensor systems to have their sensors tested in cooperation with the TÜV.

Tensile and Shear Test Methods for Quantifying the Ice Adhesion Strength to a Surface

Ice Adhesion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 237-284
Author(s):  
Alexandre Laroche ◽  
Maria Jose Grasso ◽  
Ali Dolatabadi ◽  
Elmar Bonaccurso
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Ice Adhesion

Research the Test Method of the Voltage Transformer Secondary Load in the Three-Phase Three-Wire Electric Energy Metering Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3110-3115
Author(s):  
Gu Li ◽  
Zi Ming Fu ◽  
Jie Feng Yan ◽  
Bing Wen Li ◽  
Zhi Rong Cen
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Secondary Load ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Definition Of

This paper analyzes and studies the definition of the voltage transformer secondary load, examines the practical purposes of the measured values of the voltage transformer secondary load, and presents a variety of testing methods to analyze and compare the differences. This paper gives the test methods of the voltage transformer secondary load when the connection of the voltage transformer is the Y / Y in a three-phase three-wire power supply system, filling the blank of this type of test method in the industry. When other units within the industry carry out such work, the conclusions of this paper are available for reference, and the conclusions of this paper can be referred when drafting relevant regulations in the future.

FEM Analysis and Experimental Study for Bond Strength of High-Strength Coating by Wedged Load Test Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1058-1061
Author(s):  
Zhou Wei ◽  
Xiao Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Complex Stress State ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Test Method

A wedged load test method is used to evaluate the adhesion strength of high-strength coatings, which have been processed with various sintering parameters. In this test, for stress concentration at cut tip, cracks are always induced and expanded rapidly cross the interface between coating and substrate. Macro-fracture and SEM image of coating interface of high-strength coating are characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In order to evaluate the bonding properties between coating and substrate effectively, corresponding finite element (FE) analysis has been conducted to evaluate the adhesion strength of high-strength coating. And stress distributions cross the interface of high-strength coating are obtained. The stress analysis can help to evaluate the bond strength of high-strength coating. Because of small specimen and contact relationship between wedged pressure head and wedged cuts, complex stress state is affected by many factors resulting from interface, and also by the thickness of coating.

Analysis of the Test Method of Quartz Glass Optical Homogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Bo Fu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhu Feng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Glass ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Optical Homogeneity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interference Measurement ◽  
Optical Quartz Glass

The optical quartz glass is widely applied in optical system , photo communications，inertial navigation，etc.It must have high optical homogeneity. Optical homogeneity of the optical quartz glass directly affects the wavefront quality of the optical transmission system, and changes the wavefront aberration of the system. How to accurately determine the optical homogeneity of the quartz glass is especially important. Currently，the method of test for optical homogeneity mainly used by interference principle. This paper analyzes various existing interference measurement method and test equipment. Summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various test methods，using range and measurement accuracy.

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