Influencing Factors of Coal Gangue Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation Reaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 886-892
Author(s):  
Feng Duan ◽  
Ai Qiong Ma ◽  
Guo Qing Xiao ◽  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
Ren Hong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Nitridation Reaction ◽  
Special Grade

nfluencing factors of target products such as X phase, β-SiAlON phase and O-SiAlON phase of Inner Mongolia coal gangue carbothermal reduction and nitridation were researched by calculating the loss rate on ignition of specimens, and by means of XRD and SEM. During the carbothermal reduction and nitridation reaction of coal gangue, the loss rate on ignition of specimens rises with carbon reducer increasing, and keeping time has a little influence on the loss rate on ignition of specimens. If β-SiAlON is target phase, the yield from corundum is much higher than that from special grade bauxite. Corundum or bauxite is used as starting material, the yield of X phase is low and the highest yield is only 12.88%. For the carbothermal reduction and nitridation reaction of coal gangue, the appropriate addition of reducer carbon is 10%-16%, and temperature influence is larger. The reaction temperature over 1420°C and keeping time of 6h are beneficial to the formation of X phase, β-SiAlON and O-SiAlON.

Orthogonal Investigation of Influencing Factors on the Modification of Montmorillonite by THPC in Acid Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Pan Chen ◽  
Jin Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

Na-MMT was modified with quaternary phosphonium salts, tetramethylolphosphonium chloride (THPC), via ion-exchange reactions, in acid conditions. Different factors such as reaction time , reaction temperature, the types of solvent, and CEC ratios, were investigated using orthogonal test. Results showed that the best combination of these four factors were A1B3C1D1, that is, the type of the solvent was acetone and water (1:1), reaction time was 3h, CEC ratio was 1:1, and the reaction temperature was 80°C.

Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in individuals with high cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional study based on EQ-5D utility scores in Inner Mongolia, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Cao ◽  
Yunfeng Xi ◽  
Yumin Gao ◽  
Hailing Li ◽  
Yanchao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background The high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) being associated with impaired Health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, few studies have assessed the HRQoL of individuals with a high risk of CVD in Inner Mongolia, or even in China. We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among individuals in Inner Mongolia with a high risk of CVD and its risk factors, to provide a reference to improve HRQoL in individuals with high CVD risk. Methods From 2015 to 2017, residents of six villages or communities in Inner Mongolia, selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, were invited to complete a questionnaire and undergo physical examination and laboratory testing. We selected participants whose predicted 10-year risk for CVD exceeded 10% as those with high CVD risk. HRQoL in individuals with high CVD risk was investigated based on the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) scale. The Chinese utility value integral system was used to calculate EQ-5D utility scores, and the Tobit regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of HRQoL among individuals with high CVD risk. Results Of 13,359 participants with high CVD risk, 65.63% reported no problems in any of the five dimensions; the most frequently reported difficulty was pain/discomfort. The mean utility score was 1.000 (0.869, 1.000). Tobit regression analysis showed that sex, age, education level, residence area, household income, physical activity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were influencing factors of HRQoL. Conclusion We found that female sex, older age, living in an urban area, lower education level, lower household income, and lower physical activity levels were associated with reduced HRQoL. People with a high risk of CVD should maintain their blood glucose and lipid levels within the normal range.

Tobit model-based analysis on the influencing factors of wheat loss during harvesting by the combine harvester

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hong Ji ◽  
Xun He ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Zhe Qu ◽  
Wenkang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

Based on the investigation data of wheat mechanized harvest in eight major wheat producing areas from the south to the north of Henan Province, the main factors affecting wheat mechanized harvest loss were identified and the influence of each factor was decomposed. In this article, the loss rate of wheat mechanical harvest was calculated by using the method of artificial measurement of wheat yield in the field, and the influencing factors of wheat mechanical harvest operation in 8 regions of Henan province were treated and analyzed by using Tobit regression model. In this paper, the loss rate of wheat mechanical harvest was calculated by using the method of wheat field artificial yield measurement and the influencing factors of wheat mechanical harvest operation in eight regions of Henan province were treated and analyzed by using Tobit regression model. The results show that the average harvest loss rate in the field amounts to 2.96%, the average harvest loss rate at the edge of field amounts to 3.06%, whereas the loss rate in the normal operation area amounts 2.86%. The main factors that caused the harvest loss of wheat field machinery were the maturity of wheat, the area of operation field, the diseases and pests, weather conditions and the accumulated working hours of harvester drivers in a single day. Therefore, the main technical measures to reduce the operation loss of wheat combine harvester were put forward to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

scholarly journals Carbothermal Reduction of Iron Ore in Its Concentrate-Agricultural Waste Pellets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhulin Liu ◽  
Xuegong Bi ◽  
Zeping Gao ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Biomass Char

Carbon-containing pellets were prepared with the carbonized product of agricultural wastes and iron concentrate, and an experimental study on the direct reduction was carried out. The experimental results demonstrated that carbon-containing pellets could be rapidly reduced at 1200 to 1300°C in 15 minutes, and the proper holding time at high temperature was 15 to 20 min. The degree of reduction gradually increased with temperature rising, and the appropriate temperature of reducing pellets was 1200°C. The weight loss rate and reduction degree of pellets increased with the rise of carbon proportion, and the relatively reasonable mole ratio of carbon to oxygen was 0.9. A higher content of carbon and an appropriate content of volatile matters in biomass char were beneficial to the reduction of pellets. The carbon-containing pellets could be reduced at high speeds in the air, but there was some reoxidization phenomenon.

scholarly journals Responses of Melilotus officinalis Growth to the Composition of Different Topsoil Substitute Materials in the Reclamation of Open-Pit Mining Grassland Area in Inner Mongolia

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Xinyu Kuang ◽  
Yingui Cao ◽  
Gubai Luo ◽  
Yuhan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Reconstructed Soil ◽  
Rock And Soil

The purpose of this study was to reveal that reconstructed soil composed of different types and proportions of materials has different effects on the growth of Melilotus officinalis, and to determine the most suitable formula of reconstructed soil materials to use for soil replacement. Using topsoil, coal gangue, fly ash, and rock and soil stripping materials from Shengli Mining Area of Inner Mongolia as raw materials, stratified and mixed pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse using different proportions of each material. The differences in the aboveground biomass, leaf width, plant height, and root length of Melilotus officinalis plants in pot experiments were then compared using analysis of variance. The results showed that using different combinations of materials in different proportions affected the growth status of Melilotus officinalis, and their effects on biomass were greater than their effects on plant height, root length, and leaf width. When topsoil, coal gangue, and rock and soil stripping materials were mixed at a ratio of 3:3:4, respectively, the biomass of Melilotus officinalis increased by nearly 30% compared with that of plants potted in pure topsoil. When the content of coal gangue was controlled to be 30%, the content of fly ash was below 10%, and the content of rock and soil stripping materials was below 40%, the reconstructed soil conditions clearly promoted the growth of Melilotus officinalis. Coal gangue, rock and soil stripping materials, and fly ash can thus be used as substitutes for topsoil. Mixing soil reconstruction materials in the optimal proportion can solve the scarcity of topsoil in the grassland mining areas in the study region and, at the same time, can effectively improve the utilization of solid waste in this mining area.

scholarly journals Extraction of alumina from alumina rich coal gangue by a hydro-chemical process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xingjian Deng ◽  
Hongchen Guo ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Vast quantities of gangue from coal mining and processing have accumulated over the years and caused significant economic and environmental problems in China. For high added-value utilization of alumina rich coal gangue (ARCG), a mild hydro-chemical process was investigated to extract alumina. The influences of NaOH concentration, mass ratio of alkali to gangue, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically studied. An alumina extraction rate of 94.68% was achieved at the condition of NaOH concentration 47.5%, alkali to gangue ratio of 6, reaction temperature of 260°C and reaction time of 120 min. The obtained leaching residues were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Research confirmed that kaolinite the main alumina-bearing phase of ARCG can be decomposed and transformed to Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 at relatively low temperature and short reaction time. Additionally, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 are unstable and will transform to alumina-free phase NaCaHSiO 4 under the optimal conditions, which is the major reason for high alumina extraction rates.

Investigation on Decoloration of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Seed Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xuan Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum

The decoloration method experiment on ZSO was studied. The different influencing factors on reaction were investigated by single test, such as content of peroxide, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The results of orthogonal test showed that the dominated sequence of influencing on chroma value was content of peroxide, and then was for reaction temperature, the last was reaction time. The optimal combination proved was A2B2C2. On this condition, the chroma value of ZSO could be reduced to 1.45, it fully meets the requirement of industrial application.

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