Castor Oil Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystallites Fillers

In this study the castor oil based polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing the cellulose nanocrystallites (CNC) isolated from cotton linters. CNC was dispersed in PU matrix using ultrasonicator coupled with high shear homogenizer. The filler loading was varied from 0-10% of the total weight of the mixture. The PU/CNC nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, mechanical and barrier properties. SEM confirmed homogeneous dispersion of CNCs in polyurethane matrix with small agglomerates at certain places. Improvement in mechanical properties was observed as compared to neat PU. Diffusivity and permeability of the nanocomposites was reduced at higher loadings of CNC.

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Starch–Mucilage Composite Films: An Inclusive on Physicochemical and Biological Perspective

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13162588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2588

Author(s):

Mansuri M. Tosif ◽

Agnieszka Najda ◽

Aarti Bains ◽

Grażyna Zawiślak ◽

Grzegorz Maj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Films ◽

Packaging Material ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Packaging Film ◽

Biodegradable Packaging ◽

Effective Manner

In recent years, scientists have focused on research to replace petroleum-based components plastics, in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner, with plant-derived biopolymers offering suitable mechanical properties. Moreover, due to high environmental pollution, global warming, and the foreseen shortage of oil supplies, the quest for the formulation of biobased, non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer films is still emerging. Several biopolymers from varied natural resources such as starch, cellulose, gums, agar, milk, cereal, and legume proteins have been used as eco-friendly packaging materials for the substitute of non-biodegradable petroleum-based plastic-based packaging materials. Among all biopolymers, starch is an edible carbohydrate complex, composed of a linear polymer, amylose, and amylopectin. They have usually been considered as a favorite choice of material for food packaging applications due to their excellent forming ability, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Although the film prepared from bio-polymer materials improves the shelf life of commodities by protecting them against interior and exterior factors, suitable barrier properties are impossible to attain with single polymeric packaging material. Therefore, the properties of edible films can be modified based on the hydrophobic–hydrophilic qualities of biomolecules. Certain chemical modifications of starch have been performed; however, the chemical residues may impart toxicity in the food commodity. Therefore, in such cases, several plant-derived polymeric combinations could be used as an effective binary blend of the polymer to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of packaging film. Recently, scientists have shown their great interest in underutilized plant-derived mucilage to synthesize biodegradable packaging material with desirable properties. Mucilage has a great potential to produce a stable polymeric network that confines starch granules that delay the release of amylose, improving the mechanical property of films. Therefore, the proposed review article is emphasized on the utilization of a blend of source and plant-derived mucilage for the synthesis of biodegradable packaging film. Herein, the synthesis process, characterization, mechanical properties, functional properties, and application of starch and mucilage-based film are discussed in detail.

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Hyperbranched polyamide modified graphene oxide-reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra00654a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 14484-14494

Author(s):

Yahao Liu ◽

Jian Zheng ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Yongqiang Du ◽

Guibo Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

High Performance ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Modified Graphene Oxide ◽

High Performance Composite ◽

Modified Graphene ◽

Polyurethane Nanocomposites ◽

Hyperbranched Polyamide

We successfully modified graphene oxide with amino-terminated hyperbranched polyamide (HGO), and obtained a high-performance composite with enhanced strength and elongation at break via cross-linking hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene chains with HGO.

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Understanding the Barrier and Mechanical Behavior of Different Nanofillers in Chitosan Films for Food Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13050721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João Pires ◽

Camila Damásio de Paula ◽

Victor Gomes Lauriano Souza ◽

Ana Luísa Fernando ◽

Isabel Coelhoso

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Functional Attributes ◽

Chitosan Films ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Innovative Techniques

The continuous petroleum-based plastics manufacturing generates disposal issues, spreading the problem of plastic pollution and its rise in the environment. Recently, innovative techniques and scientific research promoted biopolymers as the primary alternative for traditional plastics, raising and expanding global bioplastic production. Due to its unmatched biological and functional attributes, chitosan (Ch) has been substantially explored and employed as a biopolymeric matrix. Nevertheless, the hydrophilicity and the weak mechanical properties associated with this biopolymer represent a significant intrinsic restriction to its implementation into some commercial applications, namely, in food packaging industries. Distinct methodologies have been utilized to upgrade the mechanical and barrier properties of Ch, such as using organic or inorganic nanofillers, crosslinkers, or blends with other polymers. This review intends to analyze the most recent works that combine the action of different nanoparticle types with Ch films to reinforce their mechanical and barrier properties.

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Expanded vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/00952443211029038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009524432110290

Author(s):

Mukaddes Sevval Cetin ◽

Ozan Toprakci ◽

Omer Suat Taskin ◽

Abdullah Aksu ◽

Hatice Aylin Karahan Toprakci

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Contact Angle ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Composite Films ◽

Filler Concentration ◽

High Shear ◽

Flexible Polymer ◽

Shear Mixing

This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites. Exfoliated vermiculite was incorporated into triblock thermoplastic elastomer copolymer, styrene- b-(ethylene- co-butylene)- b-styrene (SEBS), at various levels from 1 to 15 wt% by a high shear mixer. The composite films were obtained by the combination of solvent casting and compression molding. The morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties and contact angle of the composites were determined. Some micro-morphological differences were observed between the samples and the difference was assumed to be caused by high shear mixing and filler concentration. High shear mixing was found effective in terms of the detachment of vermiculite layers at all concentrations. However, at low filler loading, that behavior was more obvious. At 1 wt% filler concentration, mechanical properties increased that was probably caused by good filler-matrix interaction stemmed from smaller particle size. At higher vermiculite concentrations, fillers found to show agglomerations that led to a decrease in mechanical strength and strain at break. Elastic and secant modulus showed an increasing trend. Contact angle measurements were carried out to determine the oleophilic character of the samples. An increase in the vermiculite content resulted in higher oleophilic character and the lowest contact angle was obtained at 15 wt% VMT loading. In addition to these, thermal stability, thermal dimensional stability and flame retardancy were improved by the incorporation of VMT. 15 wt% vermiculite-filled sample showed the best performance in terms of thermal stability and flame retardancy.

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Effect of Castor Oil Impregnation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose

Polymers from Renewable Resources ◽

10.1177/204124791200300102 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-26

Author(s):

Myrtha Karina ◽

Lucia Indrarti ◽

Rike Yudianti ◽

Indriyati

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Acetone Water

The effect of castor oil on the physical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is described. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was impregnated with 0.5–2% (w/v) castor oil (CO) in acetone–water, providing BCCO films. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the castor oil penetrated the pores of the bacterial cellulose, resulting in a smoother morphology and enhanced hydrophilicity. Castor oil caused a slight change in crystallinity indices and resulted in reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased elongation at break. A significant reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved in BCCO films with 2% castor oil, and there was an improvement in elongation at break and hydrophilicity. Impregnation with castor oil, a biodegradable and safe plasticiser, resulted in less rigid and more ductile composites.

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Thermal and mechanical properties of melt processed intercalated poly(methyl methacrylate)-organoclay nanocomposites over a wide range of filler loading

Polymer International ◽

10.1002/pi.2402 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 738-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Rajkiran R Tiwari ◽

Upendra Natarajan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Filler Loading ◽

Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽

Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Wide Range

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Studies on Nanostructured Polyurethane/Clay Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 475-479 ◽

pp. 1001-1004

Author(s):

Ninglin Zhou ◽

Xiao Xian Xia ◽

Li Li ◽

Shao Hua Wei ◽

Jian Shen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Tensile Testing Machine ◽

Swelling Agent ◽

Silicate Layers ◽

Polyurethane Matrix

A novel exfoliated polyurethane (PU)/clay Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) nanocomposite has been synthesized with polyurethane and organoclay. MTPAC is used as swelling agent to treat Na-montmorillonite for forming organoclay. The results indicate that there is very good compatibility between organoclay and PU. Nanoscale silicate dispersion was analyzed by XRD. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites have been measured by tensile testing machine. The nanocomposites show obviously improved physical and mechanical properties when compared with the pure polymer. Additionally, PU /MTPAC- clay shows lower water absorption properties than pure PU do. In addition, the reinforcing and intercalating mechanism of silicate layers in polyurethane matrix are discussed.

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Effect of fillers on mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene composites under weathered condition

Nigerian Journal of Technological Research ◽

10.4314/njtr.v15i3.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Ibiyemi A. Idowu ◽

Olutosin O. Ilori

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Pure Water ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Filler Loading ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Hardness Property ◽

Recycled Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Polyethylene Composites

The study examined the effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of the recycled low density polyethylene composites under weathered condition with a view of managing the generation and disposal of plastic wastes. Discarded pure water sachets and fillers (glass and talc) were sourced and recycled. Recycled low density polyethylene (RLDPE) and preparation of RLDPE/glass, RLDPE/talc and RLDPE/glass/talc composites were carried out using a furnace at compositions of 0 – 40% in steps of 10% by weight. The mixtures were poured into hand-laid mould. The samples produced were exposed to sunlight for eight (8) weeks and their mechanical properties were studied. The results of mechanical tests revealed that tensile strength decreased with increasing filler loading while impact strength and hardness property increased marginally and considerably with increasing filler loading for all the composites respectively. The study concluded that glass and talc were able to reinforce recycled low density polyethylene under weathered condition. Keywords: Recycled Low Density Polyethylene (RLDPE); Fillers; Glass, Talc; Weathering condition; Sunlight; and Mechanical properties; Tensile strength, Impact and hardness

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Effect of High Pressure Treatment on Poly(lactic acid)/Nano–TiO2 Composite Films

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2621 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hai Chi ◽

Wenhui Li ◽

Chunli Fan ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Pressure ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Composite Film ◽

Composite Films ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Pressure Treatment ◽

Nano Tio2 ◽

High Pressure Treatment

The microstructure, thermal properties, mechanical properties and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-TiO2 composite film before and after high pressure treatment were studied. Structural analysis showed that the functional group structure of the high pressure treated composite film did not change. It was found that the high pressure treatment did not form new chemical bonds between the nanoparticles and the PLA. The micro-section of the composite film after high pressure treatment became very rough, and the structure was depressed. Through the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties, high pressure treatment can not only increase the strength and stiffness of the composite film, but also increase the crystallinity of the composite film. Through the analysis of barrier properties, it is found that the barrier properties of composite films after high pressure treatment were been improved by the applied high pressure treatment.

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