Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Morphological Changes on Marine Chlorella vulgaris

The status of oxidative stress of marineChlorella vulgariswas investigated via measuring the content of H2O2, MDA, SOD and CAT in cells after 72h NiO nanoparticles (nNiO) exposure. Morphological changes of algal cells were also determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that nNiO induced the ROS generation and stimulated the antioxidant defense system of algae. Significant increases (p < 0.01) in MDA level and SOD activity were found after 72h 10 mg L-1nNiO treatment. H2O2content and CAT activity also increased under higher concentration treatments although non-significant. The disruption of plasma membrane and the disordered thylakoid lamella of algal cells were found under nNiO exposure, which indicated cell morphological changes. Our results implied that oxidative damage was one of toxic causes of nanoparticles on algae. It also indicates the potential impacts on aquatic biota by nanomaterials.

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Tylosin Inhibited Growth of Chlorella Vulgaris and Raphidocelis Subcapitata by Inducing Oxidative Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-586561/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Denglong Lu ◽

Zhihua Ma ◽

Jianglin Peng ◽

Yibo Zhang ◽

Shan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Defense System ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Test Species ◽

Raphidocelis Subcapitata

Abstract Two model algae Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Raphidocelis subcapitata (R. subcapitata) were generally used to test chemicals with antimicrobial properties during registration process. However, it has been reported that significant sensitivity difference in two algae when exposure to antibiotics. Furthermore, the selection of an appropriate test species play a vital role in evaluate of environmental hazards and risks of compounds. Since the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant is a crucial factor on alga growth. This experiment is performed to investigate the working of oxidative stress and mechanism of antioxidant defense system of algae under antibiotic stress. A series of concentration of Tylosin (TYN), a macrolide antibiotic, were used to test in this study. Oxidative stress biomarkers (Malondialdehyde (MDA)), non-enzymatic antioxidants (Reduced glutathione (GSH)), antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GP), Glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and photosynthetic pigments were measured to investigate antioxidant defense system. R. subcapitata was significantly inhibited with increasing concentration of TYN, whereas no effects on C. vulgaris. The contents of MDA increased significantly when species were inhibited, and thus, activating the antioxidant system, companying with the significantly increasing of SOD and CAT.

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Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22179326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (17) ◽

pp. 9326

Author(s):

Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽

Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽

Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud ◽

Khussboo Rahman ◽

Farzana Nowroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Defense System

The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.

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Redox-dependent and independent mechanisms of selective pro- and anti-apoptotic activity of Georgian legumes crops extracts on Jurkat and MDCK cells

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v9i5.602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 357

Author(s):

Tamar V. Sanikidze ◽

Tinatin L. Maminaishvili ◽

Nana V. Kipiani ◽

Maia G. Enukidze ◽

Marine G. Machavariani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Mdck Cells ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Jurkat Cells ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Wide Range ◽

Apoptotic Activity

Background: Possibilities of pharmacological regulation of apoptosis play an important role in the treatment of different diseases. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts, as well as isolated polyphenols, can regulate cell apoptosis primarily through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of action and are the most intriguing and studied class of compounds that can be therapeutics for a wide range of common diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols are well known as powerful antioxidants, their action is also associated with pro-apoptotic function in various types of tumor cells.The purpose of this study was to establish the anti-and pro-apoptotic activity of Georgian legume crops in model cellular systems.Methods: Legume crop extracts (LCEs) were prepared in water-alcohol solute. Polyphenols content in the extracts was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method, antiradical activity (AA) - according the comparative time of the 50% neutralization of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) cleavage.Studies were carried out on human leukemic mature T (Jurkat) and normal epithelial MDCK cells lines. For modelling of oxidative stress, 30% hydrogen peroxide was used. LCEs were added to intact or incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat and MDCK cells. Cells’ viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) test. Catalase and Superoxidedismutase (SOD) activity in cellular supernatant was measured by spectrophotometry.Results: LCEs revealed selective pro- and antiapoptotic activity on the intact and incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat and MDCK cells. The cytotoxic effect of LCEs on intact Jurkat and MDCK cells was independent of their AA and activity of enzymatic cellular antioxidant defense system.The cytoprotective effect of LCEs on MDCK cells was realized through redox-dependent mechanisms and is associated both with the own AA of the extracts and with the stimulating effect of the extracts on the activity of enzymatic cellular antioxidant defense system, where catalase played a leading role. LCEs didn’t protect Jurkat cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.Conclusion: The obtained results allow us to conclude that in cancer chemotherapy the legume extracts might be combined with prooxidant drugs, in order to protect normal cells, but not the malignant ones, from their apoptosis-inducing effect. On the other hand, these extracts may protect non-malignant tissues/organs from various apoptosis-related disorders.

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Molecular and Biochemical Basis of Fluoroquinolones-Induced Phototoxicity—The Study of Antioxidant System in Human Melanocytes Exposed to UV-A Radiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21249714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 9714

Author(s):

Justyna Kowalska ◽

Klaudia Banach ◽

Jakub Rok ◽

Artur Beberok ◽

Zuzanna Rzepka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Biochemical Basis ◽

Methoxy Derivative ◽

Human Melanocytes ◽

Scavenging Enzymes ◽

The Impact ◽

Melanin Binding

Phototoxicity of fluoroquinolones is connected with oxidative stress induction. Lomefloxacin (8-halogenated derivative) is considered the most phototoxic fluoroquinolone and moxifloxacin (8-methoxy derivative) the least. Melanin pigment may protect cells from oxidative damage. On the other hand, fluoroquinolone–melanin binding may lead to accumulation of drugs and increase their toxicity to skin. The study aimed to examine the antioxidant defense system status in normal melanocytes treated with lomefloxacin and moxifloxacin and exposed to UV-A radiation. The obtained results demonstrated that UV-A radiation enhanced only the lomefloxacin-induced cytotoxic effect in tested cells. It was found that fluoroquinolones alone and with UV-A radiation decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD1 expression. UV-A radiation enhanced the impact of moxifloxacin on hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes. In turn, lomefloxacin alone increased the activity and the expression of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whereas UV-A radiation significantly modified the effects of drugs on these enzymes. Taken together, both analyzed fluoroquinolones induced oxidative stress in melanocytes, however, the molecular and biochemical studies indicated the miscellaneous mechanisms for the tested drugs. The variability in phototoxic potential between lomefloxacin and moxifloxacin may result from different effects on the antioxidant enzymes.

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Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8090384 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽

M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽

Taufika Islam Anee ◽

Khursheda Parvin ◽

Kamrun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Vital Role ◽

Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Stressed Condition ◽

Defense System ◽

Adverse Conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada–Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.

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Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00518.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (5) ◽

pp. E495-E506 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S. Keipert ◽

M. Ost ◽

A. Chadt ◽

A. Voigt ◽

V. Ayala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Redox Signaling ◽

Defense System ◽

High Fat ◽

Substrate Metabolism ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.

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Impact of seasonally frozen soil on germinability and antioxidant enzyme activity of Picea asperata seeds

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x09-001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 723-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jihong Qin ◽

Qing Liu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Frozen Soil ◽

Defense System ◽

Frozen Ground ◽

Subalpine Zone ◽

Picea Asperata

In the subalpine zone of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of China, Dragon spruce (Picea asperata Mast.) is commonly used for reforestation. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of seasonally frozen soil on the germination of P. asperata seeds and to investigate whether these effects were associated with resumption of the antioxidant defense system. The nonfrozen treatment resulted in near failure of germination (1%) and was associated with relatively high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and low activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxide (APX). Germination of P. asperata seeds at 10 cm under the seasonally frozen soil was higher than that at 5 cm by 26%; this higher germination rate was associated with the recovery of SOD, CAT, and APX activities. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in seeds from seasonally frozen treatments were higher than those in the nonfrozen treatment, implying greater lipid peroxidation and that frozen seeds might have suffered from oxidative stress. The results indicate that seasonally frozen soil facilitated the germination of P. asperata seeds and that germination was closely related to the resumption of antioxidant enzymes activity. Overall, these findings suggest that the disappearance of seasonally frozen ground caused by global warming might result in failure of regeneration of P. asperata.

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The role of the antioxidant: Selenopyran in the stability of the antioxidant system to toxic effect of cadmium chloride

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0701181k ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

U. Kravchenko ◽

G. Borjaev ◽

M. Nevitov ◽

A. Ostapchuk ◽

E. Kistanova

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Age Groups ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

The Stability ◽

Gpx Activity ◽

Preventive Role

The purpose of the present work was, under conditions of the model experiment on rats, to tap the information about the features of shortterm acclimatization of the antioxidant system in various organs to toxicity of cadmium at stages of an ontogenesis and about the preventive role of the antioxidant selenopyran in this process. The obtained results showed the ontogenetic differences in the adaptive reactivity of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in the most important organs and tissues of rats under conditions of oxidative stress induced by cadmium. The ontogenetic differences of Se redistribution in a body under influence of cadmium administration were found. The discovered decrease of Se concentration in the liver of young animals and the increase of its concentration in the liver of old animals correlated positively with the changes of GPx activity. Preventive administration of selenopyran (9- phenyl-simmetrical octa-hydroselenoxanthene) to old animals reduced the oxidative stress intensity. Animals of all age groups showed higher selenium concentration in the tissues and the increase in the selenium-dependent GPx activity.

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