The Possibility of Manufacturing Long-Length Metal Products with Ultra-Fine Grain Structure by Combination of Strain Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Chukin ◽  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
Alexandr Gulin ◽  
Olga Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Steel Wire ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Strain Effects ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Metal Products

It is shown that combination of strain effects leads to possessing the ultra-fine grain structure in carbon wire. The continuous method of wire deformation nanostructuring was developed on the basis of simultaneous applying of tension deformation by drawing, bending deformation when going through the system of rolls and torsional deformation on a continuously moving wire. One of the main advantages of the developed method is that various hardware devices and tools already applied for steel wire production can be used to implement this method thus simplifying its introduction to the current industrial equipment. The efficiency estimation of the developed continuous method of deformation nanostructuring was carried out using carbon wire with different carbon content. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the wire after combination of different kinds of strain can vary over a wide range. This method makes it possible to choose such modes of strain effect, which can provide the necessary combination of strength and ductile properties of carbon wire depending on its further processing modes and application.

Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Wire after Continuous Method of Deformation Nanostructuring

2013 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
Alexandr Gulin ◽  
Dmitriy Constantinov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Russian Federation Patent ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Efficiency Estimation

The continuous method of wire deformation nanostructuring is developed on the basis of simultaneous applying of tension deformation by drawing, bending deformation when going through the system of rolls and torsional deformation on a continuously moving wire. The patent for an invention of the Russian Federation patent office is got. The efficiency estimation of the developed continuous method of deformation nanostructuring was carried out using wire made of medium and high-carbon steels containing 0.2 and 0.75 % C. The wire processed by this method has a uniform ultra-fine grain structure across the cross-section without internal discontinuities that indicates the possibility of combining different deformation schemes for achieving this type of structure in wire. Not only increasing strength properties of carbon steel wire is achieved after this method but increasing plastic properties occurs at the same time.

Novel Grain Refiner for Hypo- and Hyper-Eutectic Al-Si Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nowak ◽  
Nadendla Hari Babu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Silicon Alloys ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Master Alloys

A novel effective grain refiner for hypo and hyper-eutectic Aluminium-Silicon alloys has been developed. The composition of the grain refiner has been optimized to produce a fine grain structure and finer eutectic. Effectiveness of grain size under various cooling conditions has also been investigated to simulate various practical casting conditions. For comparative purposes, a wide range of Al alloys have been produced with the addition of commercially available Al-5Ti-B master alloys. The results show that the addition of novel grain refiner reduces the grain size significantly. As a result of fine grains, the porosity in the solidified alloys is remarkably lower. A notable improvement in mechanical properties has also been observed.

scholarly journals Microspectrophotometry of Wood Grain and Color

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard James Swatland
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chromaticity Coordinates ◽  
Lateral Illumination ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A reflecting microscope spectrophotometer was used for the colorimetry of wood using CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage) chromaticity coordinates.  A microscope scanning stage and scanning with optical fibers were used to detect grain patterns. Ten exotic woods with a fine grain structure were tested because they are highly valued in the manufacture of musical instruments and furniture, and they had a wide range in color and grain structure. With lateral illumination (45°) of samples and a large measuring aperture, the results were comparable to those that might be obtained with a commercial colorimeter detecting diffuse Lambertian reflectance. With vertical illumination and coaxial photometry in a microscope, Fresnel reflectance was dominant. The best predictor of CIE x with lateral illumination was reflectance at 400 nm (r = - 0.916, P < 0.0005) and the relationship persisted with vertical illumination (r = -0.67, P < 0.025).   Scanning across woods at 520 nm with a microscope scanning stage, there were relationships of CIE x with scanning peak height (r = 0.75 P < 0.01).   In scanning across 6 cm of wood with optical fibers, there was a relationship of the number of reflectance peaks (from wood grain between dark lines) with peak width (r = - 0.89, P < 0.0005). Woods with a fine grain had numerous small peaks while woods with a coarse grain had a few wide peaks. Thus, there is a connection between the color and grain pattern of wood.

Assessment of Structure Integrity and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Wire in Combined Deformation Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
Alexandr Gulin ◽  
Eduard Golubchik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Deformation Processing ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Velocity ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
High Concentrations

Because basic metal forming methods have reached the maximum of their manufacturing capabilities in deformation-velocity processing modes so called combined or integrated processing methods move to the forefront. The method of combined deformation processing based on drawing with bending and torsion deformation was developed. On the example of carbon steel wire it was shown that microstructure and mechanical properties can vary in a wide range depending on the process regimes. In order to estimate the probability of carbon steel wire fracture at the designed combined deformation processing the simulation complex DEFORM-3D was used. The results demonstrate that there are no areas with high concentrations of hydrostatic pressure and overestimated values Cockcroft-Latham criterion. For the developed combined deformation processing of wire by drawing with alternating bending and torsion, algorithm for the prediction of carbon steel wire microstructure and mechanical properties changing at combined deformation processing was carried out. The developed methodological approach to forecasting of formation of the structure and mechanical properties during combined deformation processing of carbon steel can be used to solve both direct and inverse problems.

Structure and Characteristics of Spherical-Pore Silicon Carbide

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
You Jun Zheng ◽  
Jin Feng Xia ◽  
Dan Yu Jiang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Spherical Pore ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sintered Silicon

Sintered Silicon Carbide material with fine grain structure shows excellent wear resistance, highly chemically resistance, excellent performance in a wide range of applications. This material can improve upon the exceptional corrosion and erosion resisting properties through the addition of unique micro pores. A designed spherical-pore Silicon Carbide material was obtained after pressureless sintering. The photomicrograph shows a typical appearance of unique micro pore. SEM was also employed to investigate the micro-structure of as-prepared SiC material. The properties of micro-pore Silicon Carbide, such as density, hardness, strength, etc. were determined in detail. The relationship between the spherical-pore structure and properties of Silicon Carbide were discussed.

Effect of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Formation of Medium Carbon Steel Wire through Continuous Combined Deformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
Irene Calliari ◽  
Alexandr Gulin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Ultrafine Grain Structure

The combination of different types of deformation can create a continuous method that ensures the formation of ultrafine-grain structure in medium carbon steel wire. The method is based on drawing operation combined with torsion and bending. Tools and equipment applied in the wire and cables manufacturing are used for the implementation of this method. As a result of the combined strain effect the ultrafine homogeneous structure is formed in the medium carbon steel wire. The wire has increased strength while maintaining the plastic properties when compared with the corresponding properties after drawing.

Microstructure Development in a High Current Density NbTi Superconducting Composite

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
P. J. Lee ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Boundary Film ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Very High

Several features of the metallurgy of superconducting composites of Nb-Ti in a Cu matrix are of interest. The cold drawing strains are generally of order 8-10, producing a very fine grain structure of diameter 30-50 nm. Heat treatments of as little as 3 hours at 300 C (∼ 0.27 TM) produce a thin (1-3 nm) Ti-rich grain boundary film, the precipitate later growing out at triple points to 50-100 nm dia. Further plastic deformation of these larger a-Ti precipitates by strains of 3-4 produces an elongated ribbon morphology (of order 3 x 50 nm in transverse section) and it is the thickness and separation of these precipitates which are believed to control the superconducting properties. The present paper describes initial attempts to put our understanding of the metallurgy of these heavily cold-worked composites on a quantitative basis. The composite studied was fabricated in our own laboratory, using six intermediate heat treatments. This process enabled very high critical current density (Jc) values to be obtained. Samples were cut from the composite at many processing stages and a report of the structure of a number of these samples is made here.

CONTINUOUS-CAST 45-12 DUCTILE IRON

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Continuous Cast ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Good Surface Finish ◽  
Iron Grade

Abstract Ductile Iron grade 45-12 produced by continuous casting has consistent density and fine grain structure. It is the softest of the regular grades of ductile iron and it machines at high speeds with good surface finish. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CI-58. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

KETOS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract KETOS is an oil-hardening non-deforming tool steel having deep hardening qualities with a fine grain structure. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as deformation. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-96. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

Ionic Conductivities of Doped CeO2 Thin Films as Related to Their Microstructure

1995 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Tian ◽  
Siu-Wai Chan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Brick Layer Model ◽  
Columnar Grain ◽  
Beam Deposition

ABSTRACTThin films of 4% Y2O3 doped CeO2/Pd film/(001)LaA103 with a very low pinhole density were successfully prepared using electron-beam deposition technique. The microstructure of the films was characterized by x-ray diffraction and the electrical properties were studied as a function of temperature with AC impedance spectroscopy. A brick layer model was adopted to correlate the electrical properties to the microstructure of the films, which can be simplified as either a series or a parallel equivalent circuit associated with either a fine grain or a columnar grain structure, respectively. The conductivities of the films fell between the conductivities derived from the two circuit models, suggesting that the films are of a mixed fine grain and columnar grain structure. The measured dielectric constants of the films were found smaller than that of the bulk.

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