scholarly journals One Step Production of Bicomponent Yarns with Glass Fibre Core and Thermoplastic Sheath for Composite Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lüking ◽  
Robert Brüll ◽  
Thomas Köhler ◽  
Davide Pico ◽  
Gunnar Seide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
Glass Fibres ◽  
Homogenous Distribution ◽  
The Matrix

The film stacking method is the industrial standard for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTCs). An alternative to this is commingling thermoplastic fibres with reinforcement fibres, e. g. glass fibres, into hybrid yarns. However, the composites produced by the use of film-stacking or hybrid yarns cannot achieve an optimal impregnation of reinforcement fibres with the matrix polymer. This stens from the high melt viscosity of thermoplastics, which prevents a uniform wetting of the reinforcement fibres. Leaving some fibers is unconnected to the matrix. This leads to composite lower strength than theoretically possible. The aim of the research is the coating of a single glass filament in the glass fibre nozzle drawing process to achive a homogenous distribution of glass fibres and matrix in the final composite. The approach uses particles with a diameter from 5 to 25 μm of polyamide 12 (PA 12) which are electrostatically charged and blown at an Eglass filament in the nozzle drawing process as seen in. The particles adhering to the filament are melted by infrared heating and winded afterwards. This development will allow the homogenous distribution of fibres and the matrix in a thermoplastic composite allowing a higher fibre volume content leading to improved mechanical properties. Even though the glass filaments could be coated with PA 12, a homogenous sheath could not be achieved in this investigation. Therefore, further research will focus on an improved homogeneity by reducing the agglomeration of PA 12, using dried PA12 and enhancing the coating setup.

Enhanced Infrared Heating of Thermoplastic Composite Sheets for Thermoforming Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
M. Längauer ◽  
G. Zitzenbacher ◽  
C. Burgstaller ◽  
C. Hochenauer
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Reflector System ◽  
Heating Station

Abstract Thermoforming of thermoplastic composites attracts increasing attention in the community due to the mechanical performance of these materials and their recyclability. Yet there are still difficulties concerning the uniformity of the heating and overheating of parts prior to forming. The need for higher energy efficiencies opens new opportunities for research in this field. This is why this study presents a novel experimental method to classify the efficiency of infrared heaters in combination with different thermoplastic composite materials. In order to evaluate this, different organic sheets are heated in a laboratory scale heating station until a steady state condition is reached. This station mimics the heating stage of an industrial composite thermoforming device and allows sheets to slide on top of the pre-heated radiator at a known distance. By applying thermodynamic balances, the efficiency of chosen parameters and setups is tested. The tests show that long heating times are required and the efficiency of the heating is low. Furthermore, the efficiency is strongly dependent on the distance of the heater to the sheet, the heater temperature and also the number of heating elements. Yet, using a full reflector system proves to have a huge effect and the heating time can be decreased by almost 50%.

Mechanical Analysis of a Thermo-Hydroforming Fiber-Reinforced Composite Using Preferred Fiber Orientation Model and Considering Viscoelastic Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hyunchul Ahn ◽  
Taejoon Park ◽  
Yumeng Li ◽  
Sang Young Yeo ◽  
Farhang Pourboghrat
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract Thermo-hydroforming (THF) process is a single-step process for thermoplastic composite forming, which has a great advantage in terms of the process time and mass production potential as compared to conventional processes. However, with THF processes, winkles and deformations are easily generated due to the process characteristics and process parameters. In this study, the matrix material was examined by considering viscoelasticity and changes in formability according to the forming speed. A THF analysis was performed based on the preferred fiber orientation (PFO) analysis model, which considers the viscoelasticity of the matrix. The deformation change and molding possibility were examined according to various forming speeds. The viscoelastic PFO model showed better analysis efficiency and stability than the primitive PFO model. This analysis will help improve the process of forming thermoplastic composites.

scholarly journals Energy absorption capability of laminated plates made of fully thermoplastic composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonetta Boria ◽  
Alessandro Scattina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Laminated Plates ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The behaviour of composites materials, made of synthetic fibres embedded in a thermoplastic resin, subjected to low velocity impacts, was largely studied in the past. However, in the last years, the use of thermoplastic composites has been increased due to the considerable advantages in terms of recyclability of this family of materials. Thermoplastic composites are composed of polymers with different material’s structure if compared to the more traditional thermoset composite. Consequently, the behaviour of these materials can be different in some loading conditions. Moreover, considering the wide range of thermoplastic composites that have been developed in the last years, the study of the behaviour of these materials, in case of impact, has not been yet widely analysed, in particular considering materials where both the matrix and the reinforcement are made of thermoplastic. In this perspective, the goal of this work is to study the behaviour of a new thermoplastic composite (PURE thermoplastic) in conditions of low velocity impact. In this material, the matrix and the fibre reinforcement are made of polypropylene both. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation. In particular, a series of impact tests with a drop dart equipment have been carried out on laminates made of PURE thermoplastic. Laminates with different thicknesses have been taken into consideration. The influence of the impact conditions on the material’s behaviour has been investigated and the capability of energy absorption has been studied. The PURE thermoplastic showed a different behaviour in terms of energy absorption and damage mechanisms if compared to the composites presented in the literature. The thickness of the laminate has had influence on the deformation and the damage mechanism of the specimens: with low thickness, the perforation of the specimen has been obtained, whereas, with the higher thickness, the specimens have shown a ductile behaviour and extended plasticity without crack tip. The contact force between the dart and the specimen has been influenced by the energy level of the impact, but with an opposite trend if compared to that of the composites studied in the literature.

scholarly journals Fibre Alignment and Void Assessment in Thermoplastic Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Manufactured by Automated Tape Placement

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Tamer A. Sebaey ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrara ◽  
Noel O’Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fibre Distribution ◽  
Thermoset Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Multiple Melting

Automated Tape Placement (ATP) technology is one of the processes that is used for the production of the thermoplastic composite materials. The ATP process is complex, requiring multiple melting/crystallization cycles. In the current paper, laser-assisted ATP was used to manufacture two thermoplastic composites (IM7/PEEK and AS4/PA12). Those specimens were compared to specimens that were made of thermoset polymeric composites (IM7/8552) manufactured while using a standard autoclave cycle. In order assess the quality, void content, fibre distribution, and fibre misalignment were measured. After manufacturing, specimens from the three materials were assessed using optical microscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans. The results showed that, as compared to the thermoset composites, thermoplastics that are manufactured by the ATP have a higher amount of voids. On the other hand, manufacturing using the ATP showed an improvement in both the fibre distribution inside the matrix and the fibre misalignment.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Knitted Glass Fibre Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Laminates

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369359400300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramakrishna ◽  
H. Hamada ◽  
N.K. Cuong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Better Than

It has been shown that knitted fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites can be fabricated by compression moulding in two ways namely, film stacking method and co-knitted fabric method. The processability of co-knitted fabric method was better than the film stacking method. Tensile properties in the wale direction of the knitted fabric were higher than those of the course direction.

The Influence of Processing Additives on the Properties of Glass-fibre-reinforced Composites Based on Biobased Polyamide 1010

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Nikiforov ◽  
S.I. Vol'fson ◽  
N.A. Okhotina ◽  
R. Rinberg ◽  
L. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Glass Fibres ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽  
Polyamide 1010 ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The results of investigating the influence of processing additives from a group of lubricants on the degree of comminution of glass fibres during extrusion and the properties of composites based on biobased polyamide 1010 with different degrees of filling with chopped glass fibre are presented.

scholarly journals RICE STRAW/THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE: EFFECT OF FILLER LOADING, POLYMER TYPE AND MOISTURE ABSORPTION ON THE PERFORMANCE

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Seyedmohammad Mirmehdi ◽  
Lisiane Nunes Hugen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Wet Condition

ABSTRAT Thermoplastic composites made with 45, 60 and 75% of rice straw as filler and two types of thermoplastics, virgin polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were evaluated. The final boards were made with and without maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) at 2% of the total weight of each specimen. The flexural and tensile strengths were measured for dry composites and also measured after 24 h of water immersion of the composites (wet condition). By increasing the filler content, the flexural and tensile strengths and also the density of the specimens decreased. The type of matrix (PE or PP) did not affect significantly the flexural strength, but PP led to higher values of tensile strength for low fiber loadings (45% and 60%). Coupling agents increased the flexural and tensile strength. After water immersion, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were decreased, while tensile strength was less influenced.

scholarly journals Method for the Microstructural Characterisation of Unidirectional Composite Tapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Nico Katuin ◽  
Daniël M. J. Peeters ◽  
Clemens A. Dransfeld
Keyword(s):  
Voronoi Tessellation ◽  
Unidirectional Composite ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Microstructural Characterisation

The outstanding properties of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites are affected by the development of its microstructure during processing. This work presents a novel approach to identify microstructural features both along the tape thickness and through the thickness. Voronoi tessellation-based evaluation of the fibre volume content on cross-sectional micrographs, with consideration of the matrix boundary, is performed. The method is shown to be robust and is suitable to be automated. It has the potential to discriminate specific microstructural features and to relate them to processing behaviour removing the need for manufacturing trials.

scholarly journals Processing and Testing of Reinforced PA66 Based Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pereira ◽  
Alberto Tielas ◽  
Teresa Prado ◽  
Maria Fenollera ◽  
José Antonio Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Short Glass Fibre ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Plastic Injection ◽  
Short Glass ◽  
Resistance Tests

The new requirements in different sectors, such as aerospace, automotive and construction, for lightweight materials have led to an increase in demand for composite materials suitable for use in high rate production processes, such as plastic injection. This makes it necessary to look for matrices and reinforcements that, in addition to being compatible with each other, are also compatible with the injection process. It is in this area of research where the work presented here arises. To meet the two requirements mentioned above, this study contemplates a battery of composite materials obtained by combining PA66 and fiberglass, in different proportions and configuration, both for the preparation of the matrix and for reinforcement. For the elaboration of the matrix, two options have been evaluated, PA66 and PA66 reinforced at 35% with short glass fibre. To obtain reinforcement, six different options have been evaluated; two conventional fiberglass fabrics (each with different density) and four hybrid fabrics obtained from the previous ones by adding PA66 in different configurations (two over-stitched fabrics and two other fabrics). The different composite materials obtained were validated by means of the corresponding adhesion, peeling and resistance tests.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Hybrid Multi Fibre Reinforced Nylon 6-6 Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Seethakaran ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Prabhakaran ◽  
Paulraj Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Load Impact

The investigation on the effect of adding silane modified chopped E-glass fibre and Aluminium metal wire-mesh into nano silica toughened nylon 6-6 thermoplastic composites on mechanical, drop load impact, fatigue and tribological behaviour is studied in this paper. The primary aim of this research work is to develop a hybrid Nylon 6-6 nanocomposites having high stiffness, toughness and wear resistance. The chopped glass fibre and Al wire-mesh was surface treated with the help of 3-Aminopropyletrimethoxylane (silane) and acid etching. The tensile results revealed that additions of glass fibre and Al mesh into nano - silica toughened nylon 6-6 composite gives improved tensile and flexural strength. Similarly, the Izod impact strength of Al-mesh reinforced nano silica (1vol.%) toughened nylon 6-6 gives superior energy absorption up to 6 Joules/cm. The drop load impact penetration of composite N3 (59% - Nylon 66, 20% - E-glass fibre, 20% - Al wire mesh and 1 % - nano silica) shows very limited penetration than other composites. Highest fatigue life of 16391 cycles was observed for the composite designated N3, which contains 1 vol.% of nano silica, whereas the composite containing 2 vol.% of nano silica gives very lower specific wear rate and Co-efficient of friction. The developed composite which has better modulus, stiffness, wear resistance and fatigue life could be possibly used in automobile power transmission gears, domestic equipment and farm related machineries.

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