New Methodology of Controlling Mechanical Properties of Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Romuald Kotowski ◽  
V.I. Alshits ◽  
E.V. Darinskaya ◽  
M.V. Koldaeva ◽  
E.A. Petrzhik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Dislocation Line ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
The Mean

The new relations in kinematics of the magnetoplasticity phenomenon in nonmagnetic materials based on the experimental studies and the computer simulations are presented. The movement of the crystal dislocations, the fundamental crystal defects responsible for plastic deformations, through the random distribution of the point defects, being the obstacles for the motion of the dislocation, is discussed. It is shown that the mean value of the obstacles on the dislocation line does not depend on their concentration C in the sample and the critical dispatching force is proportional to √C.

Engineering Structure and Properties of Materials Used as a Matrix in Diamond Impregnated Tools / Kształtowanie Struktury I Własnosci Materiałów Stosowanych Jako Osnowa W Narzedziach Metaliczno-Diamentowych

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Borowiecka-Jamrozek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Hot Press Process ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
And Tungsten

The paper presents mechanical properties of materials used as matrices in diamond impregnated tools. Several powder metallurgy materials were manufactured by the hot press process from various combinations of cobalt (Co SMS, Co Extrafine, Co 400mesh), carbonyl iron (Fe CN) and tungsten (WP30) powders. After consolidation the specimens were tested for density, hardness and tensile properties. The fracture surfaces and materials’ microstructure were observed using the Jeol JSM- 5400 scanning electron microscope and the Leica DM4000 light microscope. The main objective of the work was to determine the effects of the mean particle size of cobalt as well as additions of iron and tungsten on properties of the as-consolidated material.

scholarly journals Mechanical test suitable for detection of bug-damage wheat grains abstract

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Basati Zahra ◽  
Rasekh Mansour ◽  
Abbaspour-Gilandeh Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Elastic Coefficient ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rupture Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels

Considering the fact that the presence of bug-damaged wheat in the bulk results in a decrease of the flour quality and its final product, which is bread, it is necessary to differentiate the bug-damaged wheat grains from the healthy ones. Therefore, the present study investigated the mechanical properties of bug-damaged and healthy wheat grains of the Azar cultivar. By making use of these mechanical properties, it would be possible to provide a more precise texture identification of the bug-damaged wheat grains compared to the healthy ones. In this study, the mechanical properties (rupture energy, toughness and apparent elastic coefficient) were determined under compressive loading, with four levels of loading velocity (5, 15, 25 and 35 mm.min<sup>–1</sup>) and four levels of moisture content (9, 11.5, 14 and 16.5% wet basis) in both bug-damaged and healthy wheat grains. Due to the significant difference in the mean value of apparent elastic coefficient between the bug-damaged grains (74.779 MPa) and the healthy ones (289.071 MPa), this parameter can be employed as the most appropriate factor to distinguish the bug-damaged wheat grains from the healthy ones. 

Measurement of feature clustering in images

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
John C. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Feature Clustering ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Distribution Of Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distances

The spatial distribution of features in an image is often interesting, but not simple to characterize. Mapping of the image into a different space (e.g., Fourier or Hough) offers direct information on various regularities in feature spacing or alignment, but does not deal directly with the individual features. Two other approaches are available; each has advantages and drawbacks, which are discussed here.Schwarz & Exner determine the spatial coordinates of the centroids of features, and sort them to locate the nearest neighbor for each feature present, constructing a distribution plot of the frequency of nearest neighbor distances. Figures 1 and 2 show an example. The three fields in Figure 1 contain, respectively, features which are well-spaced from each other, randomly arranged on the plane, and clustered together. For the random distribution of points, the histogram of nearest neighbor distances is a Poisson distribution, and the mean value is 0.5/NA1/2, where NA is the number of features divided by the area of the image.

Variability Assessment of the Compressive and Tensile Strength of Fibred Earthen Composites

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Poullain ◽  
Mircea Barnaure ◽  
Stéphanie Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Many

Earthen composites (rammed earth, cob, adobe, daub, CEB...) are experiencing renewed interest from builders due to the many advantages of these building materials, and in particular their eco-friendliness. Nevertheless, the widespreading of these materials, as certified materials and conforming to construction standards, comes against the lack of data concerning their mechanical properties. Indeed, the literature generally gives the average values of the properties without indicating the number of specimens tested neither the distribution of the data. Yet, the mean value of the compressive strength is not enough to assess the reliability of a given earthen composite to build a wall and it would be better to indicate the value of a defined percentile (characteristic value just like with concrete composites). The aim of this paper is to analyze the data about the mechanical properties (tensile and compressive strength) obtained on different formulations of cob including natural fibres or not. The tests performed allowed to determine the probability density function and the average values, the standard deviation and the percentiles, for the various properties.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK WOOD (EBONY) AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengky Satria Yoresta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Class ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heavy Construction

This research is aimed to determine physical and mechanical properties of Ebony wood as a construction material. The physical and mechanical properties test is conducted based on ASTM D 143-94 code. The mean value of moisture content and specific gravity of Ebony wood is obtained 12,90% and 0,92 gr.cm-3 respectively. Meanwhile MOE, bending strength, compressive strength parallel to grain, shear strength, and tensile strength parallel to grain are 180.425,87 kg.cm-2; 1656,22 kg.cm-2; 861,55 kg.cm-2; 119,61 kg.cm-2; dan 2.319,03 kg.cm-2 respectively. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that Ebony wood is classified to Strength Class I due to PKKI 1961, so it can be recommended for use in heavy construction such as bridge and building structures Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu  Ebony sebagai material konstruksi. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM D 143-94. -3Nilai kadar air rata-rata kayu Ebony diperoleh sebesar 12,90% dan berat jenis 0,92 gr.cm . Sementara nilai rata-rata MOE, kuat lentur, kuat tekan sejajar serat, kuat geser, dan kuat tarik -2 -2 -2sejajar serat berturut-turut adalah 180.425,87 kg.cm ; 1656,22 kg.cm ; 861,55 kg.cm ; -2 -2119,61 kg.cm ; dan 2.319,03 kg.cm . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kayu Ebony tergolong kelas kuat I menurut PKKI 1961, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk digunakan pada konstruksi-konstruksi berat seperti jembatan dan struktur bangunan.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PERSUASIF MELALUI NARASI DAN BUKTI STATISTIK TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MEMILIH PRODUK HANDPHONE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Alwinansyah Farnas ◽  
Gumgum Gumelar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference to the effectiveness of persuasion toward narrative and statistical evidence in making decisions selecting mobile products in adolescents. The study was conducted from September to January 2013. This study uses a method of controlled experimental studies labolatory. Analysis using t-test of the difference independent test samples from the test results obtained values F = 1461, p = 0231> 0.05 (not significant), meaning that there is no difference in the effectiveness of persuasion through narrative and statistical evidence on decision making in adolescents choose mobile products . Comparison of average (mean) persuasive narrative and persuasive statistical evidence obtained mean value 62.12 for the narrative and the mean value for the statistical proof of 60.06. Based on the results of this analysis rejected the hypothesis that there is no difference in the effectiveness of persuasion through narrative and statistical evidence for making decisions on choosing mobile products in teens. The implication of this research is to use both types of persuasive in influencing a person's decision-making in the absence of differences in effectiveness between the two.

Grasp Force Sensing Using Visual Servoing and Fingernail Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Fallahinia ◽  
Sonoma Harris ◽  
Stephen Mascaro
Keyword(s):  
Visual Servoing ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grasp Force ◽  
Fingertip Forces

This paper discusses the grasp force sensing capabilities of the fingernail imaging method integrated with a visual servoing robotic system. The effectiveness of the fingernail imaging method has been demonstrated on the previous works in the prediction of 3-D fingertip forces. In this study, the fingernail imaging method has been modified to be used in constrained grasping studies. Moreover, the technique can be extended to be applied to the unconstrained grasping study as well. Visual servoing has been utilized in this paper to solve the issue of keeping fingernail images in the field of view of the camera during unconstrained grasping motions. The experimental results show the effectiveness of applying visual servoing for use with the fingernail imaging method to be used in grasping studies. Experimental studies were performed on 2 human subjects and the mean value of RMS errors for predicted normal forces during grasping has been found as 0.57 N. (5.7% for the range of 0–10 N)

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper-Iron Fabricated by Mechanical Milling and Continuous Sintering

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Lydia Anggraini ◽  
Asep Suhandi ◽  
Rudi Rachmat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Type Machine ◽  
The Mean

This research is to analyze the effect of mechanical milling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper-iron. The sample is fabricated by compacting, milling and sintering processes. Sintering process is carried out using continuous type machine with conveyor belt mesh and the furnace type is muffle. After that, it is cooled with natural water jacket process. Vicker hardness testing and tensile strength test is performed to determine the mechanical properties of copper-iron alloys that occur. The mean value of sample 1 hardness (before milling) was 39.8 HV. The mean value of sample hardness 2 (after milling) was 74.9 HV. The value of the yield strength (σ) of sample 1 is 17.597MPa, and the value of ductility (ε) is 0.119. The value of the yield strength (σ) of sample 2 is 18.547 MPa, and the value of ductility (ε) is 0.073. The test results and analysis showed that by shrinking the size of metal powder, by milling for 2 hours, the hardness and yield strength of the product can increase. Although, the product becomes more brittle which is indicated by the decreased ductility value.

Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow V. Experimental observations with a purified diet low in magnesium

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. An artificial diet low in magnesium (0·01–0·02% of the dry matter), and providing about 0·5 g. magnesium daily, was prepared from paper pulp, maize gluten, magnesium-free minerals and vitamins A and D and used in experimental studies with two non-lactating cows.2. The omission of a dietary supplement of magnesium oxide (5 g./day) caused a rapid fall in the excretion of magnesium in the urine, from values of 1–2 g./day to virtually zero within about 4 days. There was a similar rapid fall in the concentration of magnesium in the serum, from about 2·7 to 2·0 mg./lOO ml., and then a slow fall to between 1·0 and 1·5 mg./lOO ml. after 12 days. Faecal excretion of magnesium was also reduced but the faecal loss continued at about 1·0 g./day after 2–3 days on the low magnesium diet.3. The availability of the magnesium of various salts was determined by giving them as supplements to the basal diet and measuring the increase in the excretion of magnesium in the urine. The mean value was 26·2% in one cow and 34·5% in the other, a highly significant difference (P < 0·01). The availabilities of the oxide, nitrate, acetate and lactate were similar, but the citrate gave a higher value and the sulphate, silicate and, in one cow, the chloride a lower value.

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