Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Signal Interception Antenna in Composite Material for Naval Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Daniele Santoro ◽  
Umberto Lecci ◽  
Fabio Massimo Pera ◽  
Domenico Gaetano ◽  
Pietro Bia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensors ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions ◽  
Electromagnetic Transparency ◽  
Signal Interception

This work shows the mechanical design and the FE analyses performed for an innovative naval Antenna Unit for signal interception application: more than twenty electromagnetic sensors operating from HF up to Ka band and microwave modules are integrated in a unique structure designed for a top mast installation (i.e. for naval platform). The number of constraints in terms of weight and electromagnetic transparency calls for the employment of composite materials such as glass, aramidic and carbon epoxy prepregs. Primary structures was modelled by using FE codes: both orthotropic and isotropic models have been implemented as well as non-linear contacts and bolted joints. The mast-mounted installation requires high mechanical stiffness and strength but the exposure to saline environment needs many manufacturing issues to be respected. In particular, the selection process of suitable materials and the sealing manufacturing procedures to protect them from the external agents was reported. Another key feature of the presented design concerns the electromagnetic compatibility requirement: to avoid electromagnetic emissions (EMC) generated by antenna’s internal units and to protect antenna sensors by external platform’s emitters, an appropriate stacking sequence was chosen for composite laminates with a prepreg copper mesh.

scholarly journals Critical Review of EMC Standards for the Measurement of Radiated Electromagnetic Emissions from Transit Line and Rolling Stock

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariscotti
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions

Accurate and comprehensive methods for the assessment of radiated electromagnetic emissions in modern electric transportation systems are a necessity. The characteristics and susceptibility of modern victim signaling and communication radio services, operating within and outside the right-of-way, require an update of the measurement methods integrating or replacing the swept frequency technique with time domain approaches. Applicable standards are the EN 50121 (equivalent to the IEC 62236) and Urban Mass Transport Association (UMTA) with additional specifications from project contracts. This work discusses the standardized methods and settings, and the representative operating conditions, highlighting areas where improvements are possible and opportune (statistical characterization of measurement results, identification and distinction of emissions and line resonances, and narrowband and broadband phenomena). In particular for the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) assessment with new Digital Communication Systems, the characterization of time distribution of spectral properties is discussed, e.g., by means of Amplitude Probability Distribution and including time distribution information. The problem of determination of site and setup uncertainty and repeatability is also discussed, observing on one hand the lack of clear indications in standards and, on the other hand, the non-ideality and intrinsic variability of measurement conditions (e.g., rolling stock operating conditions, synchronization issues, and electric arc intermittence).

Solar Turbines Incorporated “Taurus 60” Gas Turbine Development

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vern Van Leuven
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Design Selection

The Taurus gas turbine was first introduced in 1989 with ratings of 6200 HP for single shaft and 6500 HP for twin shaft configurations. A new design of the single shaft third stage turbine rotor and exhaust diffuser brought its power to 6500 HP in 1991. A program was initiated early in 1992 to identify opportunities to further optimize performance of the Taurus. Thorough investigation of performance sensitivity to thermodynamic cycle parameters has resulted in significant improvement over the original design with no change in firing temperature. Aerodynamic and mechanical design changes were implemented in 1993 which raised Taurus performance to 7000 HP and 32% thermal efficiency. Selection of the final design configuration was the outcome of performance maximization versus cost increase, durability risk and loss of commonality with previous engines. This paper details these changes and the design selection process.

scholarly journals Mechanical Design and Performance Analyses of a Rubber-Based Peristaltic Micro-Dosing Pump

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Thomas Zehetbauer ◽  
Andreas Plöckinger ◽  
Carina Emminger ◽  
Umut D. Çakmak
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Peristaltic Pump ◽  
Transport Channel ◽  
Soft Layer ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pump Design

Low pressure fluid transport (1) applications often require low and precise volumetric flow rates (2) including low leakage to reduce additional costly and complex sensors. A peristaltic pump design (3) was realized, with the fluid’s flexible transport channel formed by a solid cavity and a wobbling plate comprising a rigid and a soft layer (4). In operation, the wobbling plate is driven externally by an electric motor, hence, the soft layer is contracted and unloaded (5) during pump-cycles transporting fluid from low to high pressure sides. A thorough characterization of the pump system is required to design and dimension the components of the peristaltic pump. To capture all these parameters and their dependencies on various operation-states, often complex and long-lasting dynamic 3D FE-simulations are required. We present, here, a holistic design methodology (6) including analytical as well as numerical calculations, and experimental validations for a peristaltic pump with certain specifications of flow-rate range, maximum pressures, and temperatures. An experimental material selection process is established and material data of candidate materials (7) (liquid silicone rubber, acrylonitrile rubber, thermoplastic-elastomer) are directly applied to predict the required drive torque. For the prediction, a semi-physical, analytical model was derived and validated by characterizing the pump prototype.

Illustrating Principles of Precision Engineering Through Design and Development of a Displacement Gauge for Measuring Machines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bosetti ◽  
David W. Beach ◽  
Daniel B. DeBra ◽  
M. Albonico ◽  
E. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Engineering Design Problems ◽  
Mechanical Amplification ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
In The Beginning

The paper presents a project-based course on Precision Engineering. During the course, the students have lectures and five labs in the beginning five weeks of the course, during which time they also choose a project from a set of proposals to illustrate the principles of precision engineering they are learning. Teams of 3–4 students are formed and preliminary design is carried out during this first half of the course. During the second half, they carry out the design to provide a working prototype and finally they give a final presentation. The collection of the proposals is performed with the support of internal (i.e. researchers) and external customers. The supporters are asked to suggest a high-compliance, high-sensitivity displacement gauge for measuring for example the deviation from straightness of a straight edge or deviations from roundness of a sphere or cylinder. The probe must have low force, sensitivity much smaller than typical 5 μm of a Coordinate Measuring Machine, it must be compatible with commercial A/D converters and standard electronics, and it has to be realized by a combination of mechanical amplification and using technology that lends itself to trouble-shooting by technical assistants of a variety of backgrounds. The paper illustrates the design and the development of one of the proposed projects, by discussing the design issues, the prototype manufacturing, and the testing phase. The paper then discusses how the project-based approach can strengthen and make more effective the description of physical principles behind precision engineering (flexure design, tolerance design, thermal stability, accuracy of transducers and measurement devices, etc.) and their relationship with mechanical design, part manufacturing, and assembly. It is also a very effective way of illustrating how many engineering design problems are tightly related with mechanical stiffness, how stiffness is rooted in the design engineering specifications, and how design principles like kinematic constraint impact the product conformance with requirements and specifications.

Material Selection for Prototype Design and Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Michal Šašala ◽  
Lukáš Hrivniak ◽  
Jozef Svetlík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Prototype Design

This paper deals with mechanical design and material selection process for experimental milling device used in mechanochemistry. Part of this process is right optimizing shapes and dimensions with used material and manufacturing process. Our selection and design process were considering stress on individual parts, purpose of parts, future upgradability, material cost and manufacturing cost. All these factors were resulting into high usage of materials like PLA (polylactic acid) and alloys based on aluminium. These materials are generally very good for prototyping thanks to their mechanical properties and cost. For parts with high stress expectation we therefore used more durable materials. In the end we describe disadvantages of PLA materials against metals in production.

Adjusting the Flexibility of Fabric Reinforced Composite Laminates Using Experimental Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
T. Molnar ◽  
V. Baranyai ◽  
S. Kemény ◽  
Gy. Bánhegyi ◽  
József Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Applied Design ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Laminates

The objective of our work is to improve the mechanical stiffness of fiber reinforced laminates. The stiffness can be characterized by flexural and tensile moduli or their derivation. We applied design of experiments (DOE) to achieve our goals, because to solve the existing analytical and numerical models is complicated.We examined the effects of the following parameters: a) composition of reinforce materials (solely carbon, or carbon and glass combination), b) modulus of resin, c) mass ratio of resin-reinforcement, d) order of layers.The samples manufactured on the basis of DOE were investigated mechanically (flexural and tensile moduli measurements) and morphologically (scanning electron microscopy). We compared the measured modulus results to calculated values.

Fuzzy Logic Approach for Material Selection in Mechanical Engineering Design

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Nadeem Faisal ◽  
Apurba Kumar Roy ◽  
Kaushik Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Optimum Material ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Fuzzy Characteristic ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of materials for a product in mechanical design holds a great importance as the selection of a specific material can impact the success or failure of the product. There are lot of methods and approaches that are available for material selection process, but majority of them work well with only material properties dealing in quantitatively measured properties. With so much amount of material being developed and researched each and every day, the selection of an optimum material has become a fuzzy characteristic. In this chapter, a simplified fuzzy logic is used as a simple, easy and effective method for choosing an optimum material in mechanical design problems. An illustration is carried out when the fuzzy logic is applied to the selection of material for aircraft wing's spar and how an optimum material is achieved.

A Customization Approach for Design Using Commercially Available Laminated Composite Materials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumitra Nandi ◽  
Zahed Siddique ◽  
Cengiz Altan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laminated Composite Materials ◽  
Fiber Matrix

Composite materials can offer wide range of thermo-mechanical properties when designing load bearing components using them. The wide range of properties can be obtained by varying fiber-matrix volumetric ratio. Another advantage of using composite materials in design is that the directional properties of laminated composite materials can be easily manipulated by varying the angle of orientation with respect to the direction of the load. Theoretically it is possible to design composite laminates with any fiber-matrix ratio, and in any orientation. But in practice, only a selective number of laminates with given fiber volume fraction are produced and sold by the companies depending on their market demands. So, it is necessary for a designer to perform the selection of laminates from a list of available composite laminates to make it commercially viable. The manual selection process of composite laminates can be very cumbersome for the designers when multiple design goals need to be satisfied in the load bearing component that is being designed. This paper presents a new customization approach for design of load bearing components where appropriate unidirectional laminated composites can be selected to satisfy multiple property requirements. In this approach, a laminate customization technique is incorporated with a grammatical method that deals with a shape design technique, and loading analysis for the designed shape. A hip-replacement joint is designed using commercially available composite laminates to illustrate the approach.

scholarly journals A Brief Introduction in the Mitigation of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference lssues

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
M. Buzdugan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions ◽  
Interference Tests ◽  
Conducted Emissions

This paper deals with the mitigation of the influence of electromagnetic conducted emissions in low voltage grids, which can be performed using different filtering methods. Due to the relatively young age of the electromagnetic compatibility domain, the specific terminology is not yet fully consecrated. That is why the specific literature abounds in a bunch of definitions and notions, incomplete, redundant, or worse, even contradictory. Therefore, all over this paper, the terminology from the successive issues of the standard IEC 60050-161 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, is used. The introductory section presents generalities regarding the broader context of electromagnetic compatibility in which the paper fit. Section II is devoted to measurement techniques and measuring equipment used in conducted electromagnetic interference tests, specifically for electromagnetic emissions that flow in/from the equipment under test through power lines in the standardized frequency range from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. These measurement techniques and equipment are further used in the next section which presents electromagnetic interference experiments, performed on an induction motor driven by a frequency converter. To mitigate the conducted electromagnetic emissions to fit into the standard limits, a cascade of two EMI filtering cells has been designed and implemented. This demonstrated the usefulness and effectiveness of mains EMI filters in low voltage power applications. The experiment also demonstrated that in some cases it would be necessary to retrofit more than one filtering cell

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